【 Weak current College 】 UPS knowledge intensive

The uninterruptible power supply UPS (uninterruptible power system) of the English abbreviation, is able to provide sustainable, stable and uninterrupted power supply important external devices.

From the principle, UPS is a set of digital and analog circuit, automatic control inverter and maintenance-free storage unit in one of the electric and electronic equipment;

From a functional point of view, the UPS can power when an exception occurs, effectively cleaning utility; you can also continue the city suddenly interrupted when a certain amount of time to the computer and other equipment supply, so that you can have plenty of time to deal with;

From purposes, with the advent of the information society, UPS widely from information acquisition, transmission, processing and storage of all aspects of the application, its importance is as information application increasing importance. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2.UPS minutes what kinds? UPS press works into off-line, on-line and online interactive three categories;

Among them, we are most often used off line UPS, such as the four-way HO series and SD series, it has automatic voltage regulation, power protection, UPS the most basic and most important feature, although generally a 10ms or conversion time inverter output AC is square instead of a sine wave, but due to the simple structure with low price, high reliability, it is widely used in computer, peripherals, POS, etc;

Online UPS with a more complex, but the performance improvement that can solve all power issues, such as the four-way PS Series, its distinguishing feature is a sustained zero disruption output pure sinewave AC, can solve the spikes, surges, frequency drift all power issues; the need for greater investment, usually applied in critical devices and network centres on the power requirements of demanding environments;

Four-pass, APC, and other manufacturers also provide online interactive UPS, compared with off-line, on-line interactive with filtering, anti-jamming ability strong commercial power, conversion time of less than 4ms, inverter output analog sine wave, so it can be equipped with servers, routers and other network devices, or used in electric power environment is poor regions; in particular four-MD series ups, prices and much lower than online, is highly recommended to the user should be a better choice. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — The 3. Why is equipped with UPS? IDC statistics, all computer failure of 45% is caused by power problems; in China, the largest city in the number of times the average power is 0.5 times/month, intermediate cities 2 times/month, small cities or towns to be 4 times/month, exists at least nine power: power spikes, surges, lightning, frequency vibrations, voltage, voltage fluctuations, frequency drift, voltage drop, pulse interference; thus improving power quality point of view to a computer equipped with a UPS is essential.

In addition, sophisticated network equipment and communication equipment is not allowed power interruption to the server as the core of the Network Center are equipped with UPS is self-evident, even if it is a common computer, its use in three months of data files, software value has exceeded the value of the hardware and, therefore, to prevent data loss and is equipped with UPS is also very necessary. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 4. What should I be equipped with UPS? based equipment, electricity environment and would like to achieve the purpose of power protection, you can choose the right UPS; for example, the built-in switching power supply for low power devices in General can be selected off line UPS, electricity environment worse place should use online interactive or online UPS, but does not allow continuous-time or time requires a sine wave AC devices, you can only use on-line ups.
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 5. I should be equipped with the high-power ups? first to determine if your device is a lot of power, generally ordinary PC or industrial computer power 200W, Apple machine in the server at around 300W 300W with 600W, other device power values can refer to the instruction manual for the device.

Secondly you should understand the UPS power rating has two methods: apparent power (VA) and the actual output power (W), because the reactive power exists so caused this difference, the two conversion: apparent power * power factor = actual output power

Off-line, on-line interactive power factor in 0.5 and 0.7, on-line power factor generally 0.8.

To devices equipped with UPS should be based on the actual output power UPS to matching basis, some dealers, intentional or unintentional confusion (VA) and differences (W), the point to draw the user's attention. — — — — — — — — — — — — 6.UPS "centralized" and "decentralized" equipped with what is the difference between the way and if necessary with the UPS device, you can use the centralized or decentralized "two equipped with; so-called" centralized ", is to use a larger power UPS load all device, if the distance between the devices, also require separate laying of wires, large data centers, control center often used this way, although easy to manage, but the costs are relatively high.

"Decentralized" equipped with is now more popular a way, it is equipped according to the equipment required for UPS respectively equipped with, for example, on a local area network of power protection, you can take to the server with online UPS, each node individually equipped with backup UPS package, which is equipped with low cost and high reliability.

Both advantages and disadvantages of the supply are as follows:
Centralized supply are easy to manage wiring requirements for high reliability, low cost and high dispersion power supply low requirements on the administer wiring with high reliability and low cost
UPS equipment needs more professional knowledge, consult with the professionals, they will provide you with a properly designed. ————————————————————7.Why does UPS must buy UPS brand? product functionality is to protect the UPS to the user, are often protected equipment and data security in the last line of Defense, compared to other products in the reliability and quality "ups have even greater significance, but the long established brand-name products can have such strength.

China's current UPS market very prosperous, world-renowned brand basically have entered China, such as from Europe, the United States from Merlin Aikesai, APC, foreign brands in technology has certain advantages, while the price is more expensive, its main market share set in high-power UPS market (above 10KVA); since the 1990s, some excellent brand in UPS market is booming, with technical constant pursuit and superiority of the localization of production services, has made notable achievements, has become a medium-sized power UPS market forces; as the only launched its own brand of well-known manufacturers of UPS, four way IT UPS is one of the outstanding representatives.

Domestic and foreign famous brand products are the choice you can trust, except that the differences in price-performance, but as with other products, UPS market is the black sheep, and there are many imposters of fake and shoddy products, generally under the banner of santak flag is Guangdong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang and other places in the underground factory production of counterfeit goods, the UPS is characterized by low quality workmanship zhicijia and services without any protection, solely on the basis of low prices to attract users, rational user should refuse the temptation to low-priced brand as the primary factor in choosing the ups. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 8.UPS standby time is determined by what is composed of? UPS storage appliance, now generally use the UPS fully sealed maintenance-free lead-acid batteries as an energy storage device the size of the battery capacity by "an hours (AH)" this index reflects the meaning is in accordance with the provisions of the current discharge time. The same as the voltage of the battery, the number of large capacity; the same number of batteries when Ontario, voltage high capacity, usually to voltage and an hours together represents the capacity of the battery, such as 12V/7AH, 12V/24AH, 12V/100AH 12V 65AH,/.

Off-line UPS General built-in 4AH battery or 7AH, its standby time is fixed; online and online interactive UPS have built-in 7AH battery of standard models, but also, with large capacity battery for long-lasting models, users can implement standby time and determine equipped with large-capacity battery.

Battery is an important part of the UPS, a large proportion of the value, and its quality is directly related to the normal use of the ups, you should carefully choose quality-assured isn't that battery.
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 9. What are the considerations for using UPS? 1) UPS use should note a well-ventilated environment, conducive to the heat and keep the environment clean.
2) not to bring inductive load such as posiible, fluorescent lamps, air conditioning, etc., so as to avoid damage.
3) UPS output load control around 60% is the best, highest reliability.
4) UPS load too light (such as 1000VA ups with 100VA load) can cause the battery to a depth of discharge, will reduce the battery life, should be avoided.
5) appropriate discharge, helps to activate the battery, such as long-term non-stop commercial power, every three months should be artificially cut off power supply with UPS load discharge once, so you can extend the battery life.
6) for most small UPS, go to work and then open the UPS, power-on time to avoid load startup, from work should close UPS, the UPS for network room, since most network is working 24 hours a day, UPS must operate 24/7.
7) UPS should recharge after discharge, avoid battery due to excessive self-discharge and damage.
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 10. four-what is the advantage of UPS? first, brand advantage, as the pioneer of high-tech industry, "stone" represents a profound scientific and technological base, strict management and uncompromising commitment;

Second four-way UPS product line-rich, can provide a variety of solutions, products of high performance-cost ratio, and in the whole country has established a perfect after-sales service system; since its inception, follow the "high-end products, mid-range price, performance, quality and service to win customers ' market strategies, pay attention to the interests of the partners to maximize user value, four way UPS has won the trust of users from all walks of life, as personal computers, network hubs and other indispensable" bodyguard ", hundreds of thousands of users across enterprises and institutions and families, and other fields. — — — — — — — — — — — 11. next-generation online UPS — four-PS Series what is the advantage of the performance? PS Series is our four-way brings together the latest technology successfully developed intelligent Armco online UPS, with traditional power UPS, online interactive UPS compared with high-quality, highly reliable, high-index, versatile, and other characteristics, is a new generation of digital UPS. PS Series works figure a .PS series of high-frequency of advantages

First of all, the PS Series UPS input the partial lifting of the isolation of power supply for use with low frequency transformer or buck using auto-transformer, Rectifier with SPWM technique for high-frequency (AC/DC). On the one hand, improved the commercial power supply voltage variation range allowed; on the other hand, the control uses the digital signal processor (DSP) control, the sine of the input current, and power voltage phase, thus realizing UPS high input power factor (PF ≈ 1), the Elimination of commercial power supply harmonics "pollution" to reach the environmental purpose, UPS is a green, at the same time the Chief Officer of reactive power loss reduction, obviously reduces the running costs.

Secondly, abandoned the traditional inversion output power transformers, high-frequency transformer and power UPS to achieve isolation, low noise and high efficiency, the UPS output power Inverter controlRoad with sine wave direct feedback technology to make it that far surpasses the high speed regulating traditional analog feedback technology, coupled with smaller output filter and more than SPWM modulation 20kHz, enable dynamic response characteristics of a UPS is very good, and the output of the sine wave is very clean and smooth.

In addition, the use of inverter protective circuit performance excellent filtration protection technology, which enables the inverter is not only strong overload function, and a strong own protection; PS Series UPS internal batteries also take charge of high frequency transformation, when the city electricity have a power, UPS converted to battery power to the inverter will take high-frequency step-down converter (DC/DC).

Second .PS series of intelligent advantage

Intelligent UPS include systems running automatic recognition and control, system self-diagnosis, battery monitoring management, intelligent internal information detection and display.

In the system running status recognition and control, through internal sensors and state logic timely recognition system is running, run the program and determine the system is functioning properly and that it effectively prevent system misuse of the system itself and loads the harm and improves the reliability of the UPS.

UPS smart another aspect is the machine by running the PC monitoring software through the RS232 interface to UPS serial connection with PC and PC run UPS monitoring software, PC's scheduled send query instructions, UPS, within the prescribed time returns the parameter information, and then run by PC further the operational status of the UPS, the failure of specific parts of the judgment and, where necessary on the UPS issued a directive to intervene and advise maintenance personnel, and UPS power supply time automatic stay until the end of the computer or LAN operation and on-site information automatically filed.

Three .PS Series network advantage

In a large number of the introduction of microprocessor monitoring technology, based on the four PS Series at UPS and computer network to establish two-way communication between the control and management capabilities, the UPS as a wide area network in a separate node and install communication adapter to UPS distribution independent IP address. In this way, network management or the authorized person can be anywhere in the network through a network like a management computer on UPS for real-time remote monitoring and control, this control function for a user to the computer network Terminal on real-time monitoring UPS operating parameters (for example: input, output voltage, current, and frequency, UPS battery charging, discharging and voltage value of the display, the UPS output power and related failure, the alarm message). In addition, users also can be used in computer network Terminal on the UPS output scheduled auto power-on, automatic shutdown, orderly shutdown actions will ensure that users of the software and data security and reliability.

In short, four-PS Series UPS uses MOSFET and IGBT power component, successfully realized high-frequency, high efficiency, small size and also extend the service life of the battery and network intelligence technology not only provides a complete and reliable network power management for save energy offers an optimal solution. It can be said that four-PS Series conforms to the latest UPS Technology development trend, is a performance price-competitive products, the enterprise in China UPS market achieved remarkable results. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 12. What is the battery capacity mean? general discharge rate used 20 hours (C10), the number represents the size of the battery, nominal capacity, that is 25 ° c to constant-current discharge under 20 hours to termination voltage (1.75V/single), the current of 20 times the battery capacity, the number represents a general use AH. For example, 12V/100AH battery means that the batteries to 5A (0.05C) current steady discharge to termination voltage 10.5V, continuous discharge 20 hours. Also, note that the battery discharge current of discharge time and is not a linear relationship, such as the 100AH batteries to 100A current discharge support not an hour, only a dozen minutes; while to 1A current discharge will exceed 100 hours (does not recommend this way to discharge). — — — — — — — — — — 13. standard UPS can direct external battery for longer-acting UPS use?., as the standard UPS design of the charging current is relatively small, also affected by thermal conditions, such as for longer-acting UPS use, on the one hand, the purpose of the use, on the other hand it is easy to use of UPS, battery adversely affected, even damaged. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 14. how to extend the uninterruptible power supply systems of power supply time? extend the uninterruptible power supply systems of life there are two ways:

1. an external high-capacity battery pack: according to the required power supply time add the capacity of the battery pack, but it should be noted that this method will cause the battery charging time relative increase in addition can also increase the footprint and maintenance costs, the need to carefully evaluated.

2. choose the larger uninterruptible power supply systems: This means not only reduces maintenance costs, when the load device of expansion, the larger capacity of the power system can still be immediately operational. — — — — — — — — — — — 15. common power problems? what different solutions? there is a common misconception that we use in the city, in addition to the occasional power outage incidents, is continuous and stable, not necessarily. Power system as the public power grid that connects thousands of all kinds of load, including some large inductive, capacitive, switching power supply, etc. load not only receive power from the power grid, will in turn have an impact on the grid itself, the deterioration of the quality of the electricity grid. Another unexpected natural and man-made disasters, such as earthquake, fire, lightning, transmission and distribution system, short circuit, will endanger the normal supply of electricity, thus affecting a load of work. Test under the electricity power grid experts, and often occur on a computer and precision instruments produce interference or failure of the main problems include the following: 1, power surge (Surges): means the output voltage RMS higher than 110% of rated value and duration of up to one or several cycles that the surge is primarily due to the large electric online connections in electrical equipment shutdown, power grid was suddenly unloaded from high pressure.

2, high-voltage surge (high voltage spikes): means the peak reached 6000V, duration from 1 sec to 1/2 cycle (10ms) voltage, this is mainly due to lightning, arc discharge, static discharge or large electrical equipment switch operation. 3, transient overvoltage (switching transients): means the peak voltage up to 20000V, but the duration field to a millionth of a second 10,000th of pulse voltage, the main reasons and may damage similar to high voltage spikes, and only solution will be different.

4. voltage sinking (power sags): refers to the power supply voltage rating of the valid values are between 80% to 85% of the low status, and duration of up to one to several cycles, large equipment start-up, large motor start or large power transformers access can cause this problem.

5. noise interference (electrical line noise): means radio frequency interference (RFI) and electromagnetic interference (EFI) and other high-frequency interference, motor running, relay actions, motor controller, radio emission, microwave radiation, as well as electrical storms, etc., will cause noise interference.

6. frequency drift (frequency variation): refers to the mains frequency changes over 3Hz above, this is mainly due to the instability of the emergency generator, running or by frequency instability of the power supply.

7, voltage too low (brownout): refers to the mains voltage RMS is lower than the rated value, and continued for a longer period of time, it causes include: large device boot and application, start the main power switch, large motor, circuit overload.

8 mains (power fai1): refers to the mains and continued at least two cycles to hours, its causes are: line circuit breaker tripping, power supply interruption or power failure, etc.

For the above power problem, there are several different solutions, the effect is shown in the table below:
○ Representative better protection on behalf of a limited or as △ status protection representatives do not have protection — x — — — — — — — — — — 16.UPS battery for proper use and maintenance in use uninterruptible power supply system, people often one-sided view of the battery is maintenance-free without attention. However, because of battery failure due to UPS host failure or malfunctioning of the ratio is approximately 1/3. Therefore, strengthen the UPS batteries in the correct use and maintenance, extended battery life, lower UPS system failure rate, with more and more important. In addition to matching the formal brand batteries, from the following aspects proper use and maintenance-free lead acid battery:

1. maintain the proper temperature. Affect the battery life of important factors is the ambient temperature, battery manufacturers require the best environment temperature is between 20-25 degrees centigrade. Although the temperature of the battery discharge capacity increase, but the cost is considerably shorter battery life. According to the test, the temperature once more than 25 ° c, 10 ° c, the elevated each battery life will be reduced by half. At present the UPS battery is maintenance-free lead acid battery, the universal design life is 5 years, this battery manufacturers require environment. The provisions of the environmental requirements, the length of their life are very different. In addition, environment temperature, will cause the battery internal chemical activity increased, resulting in a large amount of thermal energy, and in turn will enable ambient temperature to rise, this vicious, will accelerate to shorten the battery life.

Second, the charge-discharge on a regular basis. UPS power supply floating charge voltage and discharge voltage at the factory have been debugging to ratings, and discharge current size is as load increases, the use of reasonable adjustment load, such as control of computer and other electronic equipment use number. In General, the UPS load should not be more than 60% of the rated load. Within this context, the battery discharge current does not appear excessive discharge.
UPS power supply connected for a long time and, in the supply of good quality and very infrequent use of the city electricity have a power, the battery in an environment that is long in a floating charge status, time will cause the battery to chemical energy and electrical energy transformed activity decreased, accelerated aging and shorten the service life. Therefore, typically every 2-3 months should be fully discharged, the discharge time according to the battery's capacity and load size. A full load discharge has been completed, in accordance with the regulations and then charge more than eight hours.

III. use of communication function. At present, the vast majority of large and medium-sized UPS have and computer communications and procedures for control and maneuverability. In microcomputer to install the appropriate software through the string/parallel port connected UPS, run the program, you can use the computer to communicate with the UPS. Generally have information query and parameter settings, time settings, automatic shutdown, and alarm. Through the information query, you can get UPS mains input voltage, output voltage, load utilization, battery capacity utilization, the tank temperature and mains frequency information; through the parameter setting, you can set UPS basic characteristics, the battery can maintain time and alarm battery runs out. These intelligent, greatly facilitates UPS power and battery management.

Fourth, the timely replacement of waste/bad battery. Currently equipped with large and medium-sized UPS power supply, the number of batteries only from 3 to 80, or even more. These single battery pack by circuit connections to meet the needs of DC power UPS. Run the UPS uninterrupted use, performance and quality differences, individual battery performance, Storage capacity is not required but the damage was inevitable. When the battery pack in a/some battery damage, maintenance personnel should be checked every battery test, excluding damage to the battery. Replace a new battery, you should strive to purchase with the manufacturer with the models of battery, ban-proof battery and sealed batteries, different specifications of batteries.