【 Weak current College 】 five-star hotel in intelligent systems engineering design

First, design principles and construction target 1. intellectualized system design that matches with the five-star hotel. 2. intellectualized system design should be complete, advanced, practical and economical. 3. intellectualized system design and engineering projects to the actual situation of the construction site. 4. intellectualized system selection device brand is a leading, sophisticated, secure and reliable. 5. press the smart building category standard design. Second, intelligent subsystem configuration according to actual needs, five-star hotel should set the following intelligent subsystems: 1. fire auto-alarm and coordinated control system (consisting of strong electrical design) 2. construction equipment monitoring system 3. communication network system 4. computer network system 5. hotel management system 6. cabling system 7 £ ® security system 8. smart card system 9. electronic lock management system 10. satellite and cable TV system 11.VOD VOD system 12. public broadcasting system 13. multimedia conference 14. karaoke on demand system 15. large-screen display and touch multimedia information query system 16. intelligent lighting control system 17. intelligent integrated systems 18. engine room power system engineering 19.UPS 20. lightning protection and earthing system, subsystem design points 1. construction equipment monitoring system (1) as the five-star hotel is set in General, to strengthen the central air conditioning and electrical equipment management and energy saving, you should configure the building equipment monitoring system. (2) current BA systems tend to use communication interface (gateway), mechanical and electrical equipment as required with communication interface, and then into the BA systems management. (3) freezing room, including chillers, cooling water pumps, cooling water pumps, cooling fan by professional companies implement monitoring (called chillers with communication interfaces), and then into the BA systems management. (4) heat boiler system with communication interface, into BA system monitoring, not control. (5) electrical equipment requires high-voltage switch cabinet order with communication interface, using the Modbus bus system monitoring, into the BA. -Diesel generator and UPS power supply system should be incorporated into the BA systems management. (6) to pump typically pump, comes with communication interface, into BA system monitoring. (7) drainage devices with liquid level controller, the strong electricity professionals enforce its own control system, high low open pump, pump, generally do not include BA system. You can also meet high level alarm signal to the BAS workstations. (8) Elevator equipment requirements when ordering with elevator remote monitoring device, the settings in the control room in BAS. (9) lighting is divided into two parts, one into the BA monitor, such as outdoor lighting, public channel, underground parking, etc; other important places, such as Hall, Banquet Hall, conference rooms, function rooms, the use of intelligent lighting control system. (10) air blower plate Tube is not generally included in BA systems management. (11) BA systems equipment manufacturer, but basically is ruled by foreign products, should use mainstream products to ensure the reliable operation of the system is working properly. 2. communication network system (1) wire communication generally use the second approach, a virtual technology, the use of remote optical transmission equipment, modules (modules, can be set to this project, you can set it to the telecommunication branch), another for program-controlled switches. Hotel Hotel General settings for the program-controlled switches, but the adoption of virtualization technology is the development trend. Wired communications systems generally use the cabling. (2) set the Unicom, mobile, PHS and other mobile communication coverage system, mainly underground layers, such as use of elevator car, the design-time main pipeline to bury, specific settings from each mobile. investment and implementation. (3) set up a wireless intercom, mainly for the Engineering Department of staff, security, conducive to security. 3. computer network system (1) computer network system must be set, is the hotel's important subsystems. (2) computer network system and network issues, general administrative center with internal and external networks, and physical isolation, that is, two independent systems. The hotel is generally a set of system, local units (such as financial, etc.) to build intranet, the use of software, but it is necessary to pay attention to safe and reliable. (3) and some hotels will be guest computer network system and other sections, such as Office, public computer network system separated rooms section uses a single only after the Internet, for Internet access needs. Other part of the formation of the hotel LAN. (4) Gigabit to the floor, 100 Gigabit to the desktop. Using Gigabit Ethernet technology. (5) network switch brand choice should be a mainstream product.
(6) the network IP phone depending on the situation of appropriate local use. (7) wireless LAN should be set. Available in the lobby, bar, Banquet Hall, conference rooms, function rooms and other public places to set up a wireless access point, can also be taken into account in the hotel's senior management office, the presidential suite, Executive Suite, Executive floor. Other common room is not taken into account settings. 4. hotel management system for the actual application software system is configured, hotel application software depends on the will of hotel management group. Due to the hotel the growing popularity of broadband Internet access, broadband billing management system embedded in the hotel management system, completed automatically open an account, billing, management, accounting and billing output, etc. 5. comprehensive wiring system (1) comprehensive wiring system is a computer network system and communication network system of physical support, is the information system of the physical channels, in modern architecture is required. (2) wiring system is concealed work, embedded floor, walls, it is difficult to repair and replacement, as the longer-term use not backward, should be used at this stage the foreseeable advanced technology and products. (3) as the 02 June 6 types of cabling standards adopted, 6 types of wiring systems in public general mining project
Available, five-star hotel standard wiring subsystem should be used in category 6 cabling system. (4) the wiring between the settings for Office buildings, each floor information point more buildings generally each layer a wiring, place 1 only 19 "standard Cabinet. For hotel guest room floors, each layer nearly 20 guest rooms, each room with 2 data points, 1 voice point (bathroom 1 with line telephone), each about 60 information point, 3 layer located between a wiring is reasonable. Horizontal wiring subsystem uses the modular distribution frame, a vertical line and large number of speech copper cable uses the card received type distribution frame. (5) vertical data link using multi-mode fiber-optic cable, a 48-port network switch with 6-cell multimode fiber optic cable, indoorEach wiring between 2 root Cat6UTP8× 0.5 for backup; voice route using 5 types of vertical 25 on logarithmic copper cable, each voice information point with trunk cable 2. (6) some public places such as the lobby, conference rooms, function rooms, ballrooms, and leadership Office settings a small amount of fiber (fiber to the desktop), the use of 4-core indoor multi-molds optical fiber. (7) wiring brand should be mainstream products. And to note the same brand of the same origin of the product. 6. security system (1) the five-star hotel, ensuring guests personal safety and property safety comes first, so the five-star hotel security system is complete. (2) security system including closed circuit television monitoring and alarm system, access control systems, electronic patrol system, wireless intercom system, etc. (3) closed-circuit television monitoring system main settings to the underlying main entrances, such as public places and important room, floor elevator Hall channel, elevator car, outdoor main street and intersection, etc. Host a matrix with embedded digital video recorder. (4) alarm system is mainly set in financial, archives, and other important room. Some places set manual alarm button. (5) surrounding protection system is set according to the hotel around whether there is a wall or fence is not set if not. (6) access control system settings in important equipment room, finance, archives, and other important room. (7) electronic patrol system generally use off-line, set in important equipment room, Elevator Hall stairs etc. (8) wireless intercom for security use, so that timely communication between each other for security, improve incident occurred when a rapid reaction capability. (9) the system equipment brand selection technology is mature, stable and reliable products. 7. smart card system card system for access control, parking management, consumption, time, etc., use ID and Mifare composite card. 8. electronic lock management system (1) electronic lock with a card is used magnetic card, IC card, the hotel is mostly used magnetic card (staff with IC card). (2) electronic lock recommended secure lock system. 9. satellite and cable TV system (1) five-star hotel to set up satellite receiving system, one Sinosat-1. To the local radio and television sector. (2) cable television system receives from local cable TV network, in a layer set cable TV room (satellite TV use), the access line with fiber-optic cable, room, interior light node. Set the satellite receiving system, the room can be set to the top floor. (3) cable TV socket sets in public places, such as conference rooms, function rooms, bars, restaurants, etc., each guest room is located, Suite located 2 points, as needed, set the presidential suite. (4) consider digital TV reception system. 10.VOD VOD system VOD system is mainly used in the room, the system signals go building LAN. 11. a public broadcasting system (1) background sound and fire emergency broadcast compatible, but the speaker performance by background sound requires configuration. (2) background audio speaker Setup places more fire broadcasting, some places just as background audio speaker can be used with fire broadcasting with lines can also be a separate line as the case may be. (3) to consider an outdoor background sound. (4) background sound sources and fire radio sources are located, the radio room located on the first floor room with control monitoring. (5) some public places, such as conference rooms, function rooms, etc., to set the background sounds volume adjustment switch. (6) background sound and fire broadcasts broadcasts in floor fire switch interlocking module implementation. 12. multimedia conferencing system (1) large Chamber set perfect conference system, including sound, projection, camera systems, control systems, video conferencing systems. Some may consider that simultaneous interpretation system. (2) the general meeting rooms and auditoriums, meeting room, a small amount of projection system may consider setting the backlight. (3) teleconference system may not last. 13. karaoke on demand system in karaoke box locale Karaoke system small room, the formation of karaoke private local area network, each box set of data points. 14. large-screen display and touch multimedia information retrieval system (1) large screen display recommended hotel sets a double-color outdoor screen. (2) the hotel lobby, one touch multimedia information query machine. 15 £ ® intelligent lighting control system (1) five-star hotel set the intelligent lighting control system, the main settings to conference rooms, function rooms, ballrooms. (2) intelligent lighting control system with a BA in communication interface, integrated into the system. (3) building public channel lighting control system using BA DDC control. 16 £ ® intelligent integrated systems (1) five-star hotel should be on the intelligent integrated systems, but to BMS, regardless of the IBMS. (2) of the first integrated security system. (3) on the basis of the BAS, fire-fighting system communication interfaces, protocols and open. Realization of BAS, security, fire control system integration. BMS station located at the bottom-controlled monitoring center. 17. engine room works (1) eliminating control monitoring, radio, BAS, BMS room, set in an area of 60 m2, with anti-static floor, aerial 200 mm. (2) computer network centric communications total room, set in 2, 3 layer, an area of 80 square meters, the use of anti-static floor, aerial 200 mm.
(3) TV room: such as satellite TV receiver, satellite antenna, located in the main building roof, the TV room located on the roof floor; if not set, the cable TV room can be set to a layer, the area is about 20 square meters. 18.UPS power system (1) the UPS power set with 2 practice, centralized and decentralized. Centralized in one place set UPS for hotel use intelligent system; decentralized is set to a different room, determine the range of power UPS. (2) the author believes that the use of decentralized UPS, UPS main settings to: arc control monitoring center, broadcasting, BAS, BMS room, supply area this room and all the surveillance cameras, intrusion detectors, etc.; computer network center phone total room, supply area of this floor machine room and network switch. (3) UPS uninterruptible power supply unit ordering requirements with communication interface in order to incorporate the BA systems management. (4) UPS battery backup time configurations, to consider 2 hours. UPS does not consider a two-computer backup. 19. lightning protection system (1) of the current system power surge protectionGuarding is set by the strong electric, power professional professionals should consider UPS after distribution box SPD settings. (2) all information systems need to set the signal surge arrester. (3) the weak electricity system grounding system to full consideration, generally use comprehensive grounding, its resistance value not greater than 1 ohm. (4) electronic room local equipotential bonding design with 30 × 3 brass drain, 600 × 600 grid. With 50 dedicated grounding line received BVR1× to basic grounding device. Weak current shaft 40 × 4 copper wire for grounding line. All rooms of weak and weak current shaft storeys to earthing terminal box. IV. concluding remarks modern architecture in principle have the intellectualized system design and implementation requirements, five-star hotel should have complete intellectualization system, improve the quality and grade of the hotel for guests a comfortable, safe and convenient, casual living and business environment, but in practice, to improve the quality of the project managers. If there is no human involvement, best intellectualized system design is not necessary.

【 Weak current college 】 student apartment buildings long post responsibility

Apartment building long post responsibility



First, on-time work, not late, leave early. Working time dressed, wearing badges, energetic, behave appropriately.

2. familiar with the school and the center of all rules and regulations, strictly in accordance with the student apartment management manual and the various management systems on the apartment building for the overall management.

3. responsible for the building of the watchman, cleaner assignment, evaluation and management, supervision and guidance of its complete services work, it has been suggested to dismiss incompetent staff; timely deliver superior file spirit and work placement requirements; this floor employees, shifts, the accident occurred during; on new hiring staff to carefully explain and business training.

Four-day subscription to the floor for safety, health routine checks, found that staff are not qualified services should be processed in a timely manner; the relevant departments of the school and students ' true complaints to timely processing and settlement.

5. comprehensive knowledge of the situation in the various property, and other information, and various public facilities, equipment, furniture and other rigorous registration. Indicators for assign hydropower to strictly control and strict management.

VI, per week, not less than 1 time on all the student dormitories for civilization status check, fill in the student hostel civilization status check table ", the weekly results announced to the students of this building on the report to the Central Office.

VII. weekly regular or irregular conduct safety to students ' hostel, order checks on power use in violation of the student dormitories, private residential and other violations promptly investigated and carefully documented and reported to the Central Office.

8. weekly at least access 2 dormitories, and listen to the views of students, learn about students ' needs and improve the quality of service. Weekly access records reported to the Central Office.

9. monthly subscription to the floor, a comprehensive fire safety check, identify and eliminate all types of risk, and check the result and processing advice before the end of this report to the Central Office.

10. the Office Assistance Center every term (years) of college students and graduates hostel adjustment from the school, students in the school's accommodation arrangements and various student bedding, furniture, door locks, keys, and other items of the collection, acceptance and payment.

11. for students, employees, management should follow the "fair and just" principle forbids favoritism, favouritism simple and crude methods of work, care about their learning, life, help its specifications.

12. in terms of scope and properly handle the floor problem that appeared to be bold, never shirking.

13. do the floor of the hostel's cultural construction, efforts to increase student service projects.

14. subject to the leadership, solidarity, to work interests, does not engage in small groups, small gangs.

15. do the other work of the Centre.

【 Weak current College 】 latest renovation contract templates

Contract number: ______
Contract person: contractors:
Accommodation: accommodation:
Agent: business license number:
Phone: legal representative: telephone:
BP machine number: Agent: telephone:
The Project Designer: telephone:
Construction team Conveners: telephone:
In accordance with the law of contracts and related People's Republic of China law, regulations, combined with family room decoration engineering construction characteristics, both parties in equal, voluntary, on the basis of consensus, the constructer of household decoration Engineering (engineering) related matters, reached the following agreement:
The first project overview
1.1 project location: ___________________.
1.2 engineering content and practices (see attached table 1: the family room decoration engineering construction projects confirm table. Schedule 2: family room decoration engineering content and practices of the list).
1.3 project Contracting: the two sides agreed to take the following forms of contract ___.
(1) the contractor, contractor, package material (see attached table 5: contractor providing decoration materials list);
(2) the contractor, contractor, part of the package material, provide part of the material contract (see attached table 4: letting people provide decoration material list. Schedule 5: contractor providing decoration materials list);
(3) the contractor, contractor, contract person package material (see attached table 4: letting people provide decoration materials list).
1.4 project deadline date ____ days, start month in ____ ____ ____ ____, completion date ____ ____ day month year.
1.5 contract price: this contract engineering cost (capital): $ ____________ (see attached table 3: family room decoration project quotation).
The second project supervision
If this project implementation project management, Contracting and project management company announced the signing of the contract, project supervision and management engineer's name, organization, contact details and the responsibilities of the supervisor engineer informed the contractor.
Article 3 the construction drawings
The two sides agreed on construction drawings to ___ way provides:
(1) letting people to design and construction drawings, two copies of drawings, letting people, with a copy of the contractor (see attached table 6: family room decoration design drawings);
(2) contract authorized contractor design drawings of a construction drawings, in duplicate, letting people, with a copy of the contractor (see attached table 6: family room decoration design drawings), design (uppercase) $ ______, by letting people pay (this fee is not in the project account).
Article 4 obligations constructer
4.1 pre-construction ____ days, to create the conditions for admission and construction contractor-including: moving Qing furniture, furnishings or indoor furniture is not easy to carry, and display to the heap, cloaking, without affecting the principle of construction;
4.2 provides construction of water supply, power supply;
4.3 is responsible for coordinating construction team and relations between neighbours;
4.4 not demolition dynamic Interior load-bearing structure, such as the need to remove the original construction of non-load-bearing structure or device pipeline, responsible for the relevant departments for the examination and approval procedures;
4.5 construction contract person still need to use the room, is responsible for doing the construction site of items such as security and fire safety;
4.6 participation project quality supervision and construction progress, is responsible for the material inside the venue, and acceptance.
Article 5 obligations of the contractor
5.1 construction strictly enforced code of safe construction, fire safety, construction specifications and quality standards, regular and complete the project;
5.2 strictly enforce the provisions of the construction site management, no nuisance and pollution of the environment;
5.3 protect original interior furniture and furnishings, living room, water pipeline flow;
5.4 guarantee the construction site of neat, project completion is responsible for cleaning the construction site.
6 engineering change
Project and construction methods if you want to change, the Parties shall by consensus, entered into a written agreement, the change also adjust the related project costs and durations (see table 7: family room decoration engineering change orders).
7 material provided
7.1 from constructer of materials, devices (see attached table 4: letting people provide decoration materials list), the contract should be in the material sent to notify the contractor in the construction site, mutual acceptance and transfer of procedures;
7.2 by information provided by the contractor, equipment (see attached table 5: contractor providing decoration materials list), the contractor should be in the materials to the construction site before the contract, and accepted the constructer inspection.
8 duration of delay
8.1 caused delays in the completion, by letting people confirm that duration correspondingly:
(1) engineering changes and design changes;
(2) force majeure;
(3) contract duration extended by consent of the other circumstances.
8.2 constructer not due as agreed to complete its work should be responsible for the effect duration, duration extended; by letting people provided materials, equipment quality and affect the quality of the project, costs by letting people rework, duration extended.
8.3 letting people not paid engineering, contract duration correspondingly.
The contractor responsible for 8.4 cannot be started or stopped halfway without cause and affect the duration of that period is not extended; as a result of the contractor caused problems of project quality, rework costs borne by the contractor, the duration is not postponed.
9 quality standards
The parties agreed the project construction quality standard: ___________________________________________.
Construction on the quality of the project in the event of a dispute, by the Department on project quality _________ be certified, certified quality does not meet the contractualStandards, certification process expenses borne by the contractor related to costs; certified engineering quality meet contractual standards, certification process expenditure related costs by letting people assume.
Article 10 the engineering acceptance and warranty
10.1 agreed in the construction process is divided into the following stage of project quality for acceptance:
(1)_________________________;
(2)_________________________;
(3)_________________________.
The contractor shall notify Contracting two days in advance for acceptance, stage after the acceptance of project acceptance form should be completed (see schedule 8: family room decoration engineering acceptance form).
After completion, the project 10.2 contractor shall inform the constructer acceptance, the contract shall, after receiving the approval notification within two days, fill out the engineering organizations acceptance acceptance form (see annex 8: family room decoration engineering acceptance form). in the cleared after work, go through the transfer procedures (see attached table 9: family indoor decoration works???).
10.3 this project acceptance both parties signature date ____ months warranty period for the qualified signature., fill in the warranty Bill project (see table 10: the family room decoration engineering warranty).
11 payment methods
The two sides agreed on the following 11.1 ____ way pay works fine:
(1) after the entry into force of the contract, the contract according to the conventions in the following table directly to the project: the contractor pays the
--------------------------
| Payment times | Payment time | Payments |
|------|--------|--------|
| First | Pre-construction 3 | Pay $ |
| Second | Half | progress Pay $ |
| Third | Mutual acceptance | Pay $ |
--------------------------
工程进度过半指:________________________________________.
(2)其他支付方式:_______________________________________.
11.2 engineering acceptance, the contractor shall submit project settlement constructer and relevant information to the constructer. after receiving information on the constructer ____ days if no objection is taken as agreed that the parties should complete the works sheet (annex 9: family indoor decoration works???) and signature, the signature should be in the constructer to settle works prior to the contractor.
11.3 project fund all settled, the contractor shall draw up a formal constructer uniform invoice.
Article 12: liability for breach of
12.1 contract parties any party failing to fulfil the contract or the breach of national legislation, regulations and policies, subject to a fine or to offset losses caused by the responsible party, and compensation to each other causing economic losses.
12.2 does not go through the acceptance process, letting people ahead of the use or unauthorized use of engineering product loss by letting people responsible.
The reason for a party 12.3, resulting contract cannot continue to fulfil, the Party shall promptly notify the other party, for termination of the contract, and by the responsible party for each corresponding economic losses.
12.4 contract have not paid the second (third) time works fine, every day of delay to pay liquidated damages of $ ____.
12.5 contractors, engineering quality does not meet the quality standards agreed upon by both parties, the contractor shall not be responsible for the repair, duration the deadline.
The reasons for which the contractor 12.6 as the delay, the delay each day to pay liquidated damages of $ ____.
Article 13 of the contract dispute resolution
In fulfilling this contract during the dispute, resolved by consultation between the parties; or by the relevant sector mediation; consultations or mediation fails, the following section ____ way solve:
(A) ________ arbitration;
(Ii) the law to the Court.
Article 14 the number of specific provisions
14.1 due to construction and production of waste, by the contractor is responsible for removal from the construction site, and will be responsible for the spam sent to the specified locations, letting people is responsible for paying the costs of waste removal (uppercase) ________ Yuan (this fee is not in the project account).
14.2 construction period, the contract will be key to the ____ waiwu, handed over to the contractor's custody after acceptance. engineering, letting people responsible for providing new locks the ____, the contractor is responsible for the installation of delivery on the spot.
14.3 construction period, the contractor's work time per day: morning ____ ___ ___ point to point score; afternoon ___ ___ ___ ___ point to point ___ minutes.
第十五条 其他约定事项:_____________________________________________________________________________.
Article 16: supplementary provisions
16.1 this contract signed by both parties after the entry into force (seal), after the termination of the contract.
16.2 after hereof shall subcontract.
16.3 this contract ____ copies, each party a ____________ ____ ____ copies, departments.
16.4 contract annex to part of this contract, and this contract have the same legal effect.
Contract Annex:
Schedule 1 – 1: family room decoration engineering construction projects confirm table (a)
Schedule 1-2:Family room decoration engineering construction project acknowledgment form (2)
Schedule 2: family room decoration engineering content and practices checklist
Schedule 3: family room decoration engineering quotes
Schedule 4: letting people provide decoration materials list
Schedule 5: contractor providing decoration materials list
Schedule 6: family room decoration design drawings
Table 7: family room decoration engineering change orders
Table 8: domestic indoor decoration works acceptance form
Table 9: family room decoration engineering???
Table 10: the family room decoration engineering warranty contract (signature): contractor (seal):
Legal representative:
Agent: year month day year month day-------------------------
Views: forensic laboratory, organs (chapter)
Attn:
Year month day
-------------------------
Producer sector: printing units:

【 Weak current College 】 the indoor air quality standards and guidelines

The indoor air quality standard features

One is international. Standard introduces the concept of indoor air quality, in the experience of other countries on the basis of the relevant standards. Indoor air quality (IAQ) concept, is in the late 1970s in some Western countries, this time I


Have clearly defined standards for indoor air quality standards, descriptions of our nation's future accession to the WTO and the world of distance.

The second is integrated. Indoor environmental pollution control targets wider, standards of control provided for in the project not only chemical pollution, physical, biological and radiological contamination. Chemical contaminants not only familiar with formaldehyde, benzene,


Ammonia, radon, and other polluting substances, respirable particulate matter, carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, and other chemical pollutants 13 items.

The third is targeted. Standards in our case, that is, considering the developed areas and urban architecture in the new amount of wind, temperature and humidity, as well as formaldehyde, benzene and other polluting substances, while at the same time, also developed a number of less-developed areas of the use of raw coal heating and


Cooking of indoor carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen dioxide pollution.

The fourth is forward-looking. Standards has joined the "indoor air should be non-toxic, harmless, no abnormal odor" requirements, the applicability of the standard.

The fifth is authoritative. Standard publication and implementation, for the majority of consumers to resolve their own pollution challenges provides a powerful weapon.

Sixth, integrity, the indoor air quality standards and national standards authority previously published the civil building indoor environmental pollution control norms, ten of the indoor decoration materials harmful substances limit law constitute our a relatively complete indoor ring


-Border pollution control and evaluation system for the protection of consumers ' health, the development of our indoor environmental industry is of great significance.


The indoor air quality standards guidelines

The development of the standards for indoor air quality guideline:

(1) principle. The indoor air quality standard is to state the principle of people's health-related policies and regulations, to protect human health as the ultimate goal.

(2) scientific. Environmental quality standards to reflect production practice and research results. Indoor environmental quality standards established in the environmental health and epidemiology, extensive research and scientific validation, is


To adequate scientific data developed.

(3) special. Standards in the development process, through understanding the current foreign indoor environmental protection's current situation and development trend, selective absorption of foreign advanced indoor environmental protection, our national conditions, environmental characteristics, technical and economic


For conditions and developed.

(4) operability. In the formulation process and carefully listen to the views of the general public, so that a standard monitoring methods and methods of evaluation, guarantee standards in practical use actionable.

【 Weak current College 】 take you through the home wiring points a

Modern society's home life, not only comfortable, but also intelligent, entertainment, security, and this requires perfect good home cabling. Cabling is home rooms of "nerve", they pass the various circuit signals to a wide variety of devices, enabling the application requirements. But for a layman's ordinary owners may encounter some of these practical problems of weak electrical wiring.

Newly renovated indoor should how to arrange your own electronic circuits and wiring points? new indoor should schedule the following required and optional power lines should be chosen and, respectively, into the following:





A, LAN systems (required)

Information age to home life has important implications, we should keep up with the times's footsteps as a new group of small local area network to respond to family members surf the Internet, information appliance connected to the network, remote network monitoring needs. At home in the formation of small local area network, you only need to apply for a root Internet broadband lines, so that every room to be able to use the computer at the same time on the Internet. In addition, with the home appliances networking trends, network video Center, network, refrigerators, microwave ovens, network, network video monitoring will continue to occur, these devices can find the nearest network interface connected to the network.

Distribution points: we want to build the LAN is a star topology, any node or connect the cable to fail, will only affect one node, install the access in the information box up the role of master control RJ45 wiring Panel modules, all network socket to line access wiring panel behind the information in the access box should have also equipped with a small network switch through RJ45 patch cord received positive wiring panel interface.

For now go online and after a large number of available network information appliance reserved network information interface, we need each room are needed at least two network interfaces, one can be used as a network, a free phone, this is based on the network and phone reuse and line backup requirements. Including RJ45 patch panel, twisted pair, module RJ45 information, I have to select the current epidemic of hyper-v class, you can respond to current and future needs.

Second, the cable TV system (required)

Home life may not only in the living room of a TV, bedroom rooms also have television, especially LCD sharp price big screen TV, some families may need to update the TV, the original TV can move to the bedroom. Cable TV system may transmit analog or digital phone signal, the signal sent to each room to watch analog television, you can watch digital TV signal.

Distribution points: home of cable television systems should use better materials, should use a dedicated bi-directional, high shielding, high isolation 1000MHZ coaxial cable and Panel, divider, amplifier (more than four branches need). Allocator should use marked with 5-1000MHz specification of high-quality devices.

Cable should use to outside interference shielding performance of 75-5-, Quad-shielded physical foaming coaxial cable, ensure that each room signal level; cable TV image clear, no Anilox interference. Cable routing is relatively simple, for ordinary commercial houses, we only need family information box to install one of the first four distributor module can be an outside line access cable TV here in the living room and the room.

3. telephone system (required)

Although it is now very popular mobile phone, but it always used to pursue various preferential-use packages constantly changing calling cards, cell phones may also be lost, this leads to our mobile numbers line telephone regardless of the setting, it does not exist on this issue, plus its tariff than cell phone low, so the new installation of fixed line telephone or necessary.

Now a home-made small, drag and drop four eight small telephone PABX price very cheap, quote only 100 to 200 Yuan, so home installation small telephone PBX has become possible. Home installation small telephone PBX, you only need to apply for an outside phone line, so every room has a phone. But both internal call, dialed calls, Ray came in roving ring, until someone calls, if not your phone, you can telephone the room number, go to another room. Small telephone PBX in the Villa or duplex room also can be used as a pager to use.

Of course, there are common only information access box set of telephony module Panel, but the Panel can only share access phone calls, phones, ringing, a room with sound, don't listen, there is no room can be kept confidential function call.

Distribution points: telephone system and LAN system wiring in accordance with our "multiplexing and dual backup" requirements with wiring, cable and connector socket materials is the same, the difference is in the information access box of the connection methods. As telephone network twisted pair, we use colour to blue and the blue line RJ11 to play on, and head of Crystal small PABX, directly into the PBX interface; if using an ordinary telephone a few modules will first insert telephone RJ11 Crystal modules.

【 Weak current College 】 design standards and specifications

Design standards and standard GB/T 50314-2000 design standards for intelligent building cabling system ANSI/EIA/TIA568A the commercial building telecommunications cabling standard TIA/EIA-568A ADDANDUM DRAFT communication of the commercial building wiring standard draft Supplement to ANSI/EIA/TIA-569 the commercial building communication wiring trunking and space standards ANSI/EIA/TIA569A the commercial building telecommunications cabling path and space standards ANSI/EIA/TIA-570 the residential and small commercial cabling standards ANSI/EIA TIA-606 the commercial building communications cabling management standard ANSI/TIA/EIA607 the commercial building telecommunications cabling grounding and connection requirements on the TIA/EIA TSB-67 the commercial building communication wiring test standards ISO/IEC11801: 1995E the cabling for customer premises "ISO/IEC 11801 the user properties general wiring standard" ISO/IEC 11801 CLASS E DRAFT the user properties general wiring standard for E-Bill GB/T50311-2000 building and campus cabling system engineering design standard "GB/T50312-2000 building and campus cabling systems engineering construction and acceptance of YD/T926 ¡¶ telecommunication generic cabling system for ANSI/TIA/EIA TSB-67 the unshielded twisted pair cabling system transmission performance field test code JGJ/T1-92 the civil construction electricity design standards" JGJ/T 16-92 the civil construction electrical design code YD/T2008-93 "urban residential and office building telephone communication facility design standards" YD/T694-93 the total distribution frame technology requirements and test methods "YDJ9-90 the local communications plastic cable line engineering design specifications" YDJ44-89 the telecommunication network for optical digital transmission systems engineering construction and acceptance of the interim technical regulations YDJ50-88 the city telephone switching equipment installation and acceptance of the interim technical regulations YDJ38-85 the local telephone line engineering specifications for construction and acceptance (trial) "security system GB50198-94 of the civil monitor TV closed-system code of GA/T75-94 the security and protection engineering programs and requirements on GA/T74-1994 the security system of common graphics symbols on GA/T70-94 the security and protection engineering costs almost budgeting" GB10408.1-89 the intrusion detector General technical conditions "GB7401-87 the color TV image quality evaluation method of GBT16 — 87 the architectural design against people design code GBT16 — 88 the automatic fire alarm system design code GBJ50166-92 the overload alarm system construction and acceptance of GB50045 a 95 tall buildings design fire protection standard for intelligent building control system JGJ/T16-92 <<民用建筑电气设计规范>> GBJ/232-90, 92 <<电气装置安装工程施工机验收规范>> GBJ08-47-95 <<智能建筑设计标准>> GBJ19-87 <<采暖、通风与空气调节设计规范>><<上海市智能建筑检验及等级评估细则>> grounding GB50057-94 the building mine design code GBJ42-81 the industrial enterprise communications earthing design code GBJ79-85 the industrial enterprise communications earthing design code GB7450-87 the electronic equipment of lightning protection guidelines GB2887-89 the computer safety requirements GB50174-93 of the electronic computer room design code GB50054-95 the low-voltage distribution design code GA173-1998" computer information system lightning protector "GB3482-3483-83 of the electronic equipment lightning test" GB11032-89 the AC no gap arresters on verification of the network communication products certification rules (PTT) IEC1024-1: 1990 "architectural lighting of IE1312-1: 1995 the Lemp protection of the General principles of ITU.TS.K20: 1990 the telecom switching equipment-overvoltage and overcurrent ability of ITU.TS.K21: 1998 the user terminal resistance over voltage and over current capacity of the Central engine room GB2887-89 the computer site technical conditions" GB9361-88 the computer safety conditions "GB50174-93 of the electronic computer room design code GB50222-95 the construction interior trim design fire protection standard" GBJ45-87 "architectural design fire protection standard" GB6650-86 the computer room with a movable floor technical conditions "GBJ54-83 of the low voltage distribution equipment and wiring design code GBJ engineering 16-87 the automatic fire alarm system design specifications" SJ/30003-93 the computer room construction and acceptance of GB7450-87 the electronic equipment of lightning protection guidelines the computer information system security regulations Repertory (Ministry of)

【 Weak current College 】 preparing tenders common 115 error (1)

1. cover page
1, cover page format and tender documents requires consistent, if there is error in the printed text.
2. cover page section, whether or not the tender miles, mileage.
3. does the legal person or agent authorized in accordance with the provisions of the signature or seal is required with organization stamp, the tenderer's name and the credentials match the unit name.
4. bid said period is correct.
II. table of contents
5, directory content from order to text presentation is consistent with the requirements of the tender documents.
6, catalog number, page numbers, titles and content number, page number (Home), title.
3. tenders and tender Appendix
7. tender form, section, mileage is consistent with those contained in the tender documents, the tenders for the construction company name and company name are correct.
8, quote amount is "bid summary totals," and "bid summary table" and "comprehensive quote" case-sensitive uniform, consistent, international standard in the tender offer and whether they are consistent.
9. tender shown duration meets the requirements of the tender documents.
10, tender as approved in accordance with the requirements of the official seal.
11, legal representative or agent if required signature or seal.
12, tenders, period is correct, is shown with the cover sheet.
4. modify quoted statement (or the price differential)
13, modify the Declaration of whether content of quotations and bids are the same.
14, the price differential is the tender documents requires the binding or separate delivery.
5. powers of Attorney, bank guarantees, credit proof
15, Attorney, bank guarantees, credit that is in accordance with the tender documents required format.
16, these three are legal right signature or seal.
17, the agent is correct signature or seal.
18, power of attorney said period is correct.
19, delegate permissions meets the requirements of bidding documents, organization stamp stamped with perfection.
20, the amount of credit in the credit that is consistent with the express requirement, such as wild boar wild boar without express, is consistent with the percentage of the total price of the lot.
6. quote
21, quotation preparation instructions to comply with the requirements of bidding documents, simplified appropriately.
Whether in 22, quote table format requested in accordance with the tender documents, an item in the order form is correct.
23, "bid summary totals," and "bid summary table" and "comprehensive quote table" and other quote table is filled in in accordance with the provisions of the tender documents, preparing, auditing, bidders are signed as required.
24, "bid summary totals" and the "tender offer summary" of figures, is there an arithmetic error.
25, "bid summary" and "comprehensive quote tables" of figures, is there an arithmetic error.
26, "integrated quote table" price and "individual budget table" indicators, is there an arithmetic error. "Comprehensive quote table" costs are complete, especially when you want to change back and forth.
27, "individual budget tables" and "supplementary unit price analysis table" and "transport fees" unit price analysis tallies of the number, project number and tender quantities are the same, whether it is arithmetic error.
28, "added price analysis table" and "transport fees unit price analysis table" is too high, too low, the analysis of reasons, the labor, material, machine price is reasonable, accurate to avoid unbalanced quotation.
29, "" transport fees "unit price analysis table is consistent with the distance, the tender documents is consistent with the actual investigation.
30, plus auxiliary costs estimates with section design, drop forged close range meets the requirements of bidding documents, whether tenders other content of the description, the tender documents required by the price information is accurate and complete.
31, whether fixed form and construction organization plan arrangement of construction methods, the machines configured to coincide with the construction scheme, avoid tables with machines and machines configuration table appear big differences.
32, fixed measurement unit, quantity and price units, whether or not the project number.
33, "project list" table in the project content and form fixed.
34, summary of the "bid" and "quantity" automatic calculation using Excel tables, quantity x price is equal to the closing price (price according to the rounding rules on rounding). Total items in reverse unit price, price retained two decimal places.
7. the tender documents and contract term confirmation and commitments
35, tender commitments and whether the requirements in the tender documents.
36, commitments and tenders are consistent with other relevant content.
37, commitments are cover a tender all of their contents, are essentially responded to the entire contents of the tender documents and tender units. Wild boar in the tender documents in the underlying requirements of subcontracting, the tender file in substance whether to respond.
38, bidding documents required by article whether the contents of each commitment.
39, on the tender documents (including residual book) and contract term confirmation and commitments, are you sure you have all your content and all terms, can not only confirm, the main provisions that commitment term to exact, are not allowed to keep or have other drives.
VIII. construction organization and construction schedule
40, engineering survey is an accurate description.
41, plan on completion of the said period, meets the tender file duration arrangements and provisions, sub-item project stage duration, node duration meets the tender documents. Duration in advance to reasonable, appropriate measures, cannot advanceNever shop shelves in advance, such as project duration.
42, duration of narratives, construction, sequencing and the progress of the "image map", "bar graph" and "network" are the same, and in particular laying project duration to tailored carefully arranged, so as to avoid inconsistent with the actual situation.
43, overall deployment: construction team and key stakeholders and subsidy programmes are consistent with the Tribunal, narratives and "plan," "organization chart" and "staff resumes" and whether humanoid duties, etc.
44, construction plans and construction methods, technology match.
45, construction plans and tender documents, the tenders are consistent about commitment. Material supply is consistent with the Party of the request, whether uniform generation storage transportation, whether or not the supply or purchasing party. Temporary communication scheme is a requirement by the tender documents. (Requires overhead line, you cannot press the wireless quotes). Construction team number is provided in accordance with the tender documents.
46, project schedule: total duration meets the requirements of bidding documents, key project duration meets the requirements of the tender documents.
47, special projects, whether there is a special arrangement: in winter construction project measures to properly, its quality must lay-off, expansive soils during the rainy season to consider suspension of work, cross the bridge Foundation seasonal River before and during the process to complete, and the duration should be reasonable arrangements.
48, "network map" process arrangement is reasonable, the key line is correct.
49, "network map" If you want to interrupt, correctly indicated that the end of the project is returned to the appropriate location, virtual job is reasonable.
50, the "image progress chart," and "bar graph" and "network" in the project are complete: subgrade, bridges and culverts, rail or road, housing, and drainage and station equipment, the large Pro, etc.
51, "plan" is the tender documents assigned team of resident, construction sites and large temporary facilities location, resident, construction sites and large number of clinical engineering and engineering in occupies the number and text description.
52, labor, materials and machinery equipment, test instrumentation table are complete.
53, labor, materials are prepared in accordance with the tender requirements, quarter, month, year.
54, labor and labor curve tallies the total number of days, and the total days in the budget table number differences to be reasonable.
55, tenders constructional scheme, in the construction method description conforms to the design documents and bid request, the use of the data is consistent with the design.
56, construction methods and techniques of description conforms to current design standard and existing design standards.
57, flood control measures, if necessary, measures are strong, concrete and feasible.
58, security, fire-fighting measures and low season seasonal labour adjustment measures.
59, major works of the material quantity and budget tables and machines tab number tallies.
60, mechanical equipment, test instrumentation table device type, model, and construction methods, process consistency, quantity described meet project needs.

【 Weak current college 】 cost budget easily missed 100 item summary

1, in the flat roof insulation roof exhaust hole
2, stair railings in embedded iron
3, paint and varnish construction scaffold
4. prefabricated girder concrete: slab head concrete, transport, installation
5, bored pile: depth of drilled into rock (the projects of municipal and road fixed project contains content disparities)
6. indoor plumbing installation blowing easily missed
7. outdoor pipe installation of ultra high fees
8, fabrication and installation of steel angle and its main member fees
9, trench excavation of unilateral spoil easily missed coefficient
10, Sinotrans soil by artificial factor forget
11, cables, wires, etc on the list is only the net quantity provided that the group price has to be coupled with reserved, bending, loss, etc. length
12, in distribution cabinet installation list base type easily leak
13, drainage pipe installation list on casing easily leak
14, duct through wall sealing
15, control valve pressure flush temporary spool fabrication and installation.
16, equipment installation and hoisting machines and amortisation.
17, technology pipes installed in the flange bolts is not costing materials.
18, installation parts: increase in the cost of high-rise building base including 6 layer or all artificial 20m following. In high-rise buildings and at the same time meet the high construction, increased costs and high-rise buildings increased fee is very high.
19, roof line, the cover was mainly sporadic part!!
20, some sporadic, small widget concrete easy leakage;
21, roof sectional joints, particularly the overhead insulation layer, cement screed with sectional joints, but also in the insulation panels to be sectional joints;
22, some regulatory requirements is also easy to leak, for example: more than 5 metres long wall to create structural columns, wall height of more than 4 m of additional pressure beam when;
23, equipment installation and Horn, pipe installation bracket manufacture, installation, paint coating;
24. ventilation piping installation of canvas interface;
25, staircase, roof top scaffolding sectional joints, design and construction requirements in the notes a number of indoor and outdoor ad widget.
26, plastering tessellations caulking a corresponding fixed items, materials, should apply the appropriate item
27, plate negative reinforcement distribution rib is very easy to leak, because drawings did not reflection. In addition to looking at the following sites to see, no other way.
28, in digging project, now the price table, the digging of wet earth ** ** fee has not been factored into the (previously fixed is included), now included in measures project, that is, the twenty-first chapter of the construction of drainage, precipitation, pit sections. In preparation, don't forget!
29, various building expansion joints: roofing of the sectional joints, external walls and bulk water transfer of bituminous caulking
30, a prominent part of the structure column;
31, prefabricated cast strip between;
32, precast piles, piles, piles, piles, etc.
33, drill hole punching, steel casings, increased fees into rock, operating platforms, concrete is the use of underwater concrete pouring.
34, steel sheet pile play, separate set of item, allocated in the excavation work and on the job in the hole.
35, no detailed layout, but the drawings mentioned in the description of the project. Such as walls of the structure column, masonry reinforcement.
36, measure project costs of mass concrete temperature measurement.
37, civil works for loading presetting.
38, civil engineering inspection well, septic tank project such as a set of integrated fixed, don't miss one of the appropriate measures, such as digging drainage on wet soil, excavation and drainage and foot hand, templates, etc.
39, HVAC easy legacy project:
1) air duct valves, pressure tank, fan-coil back to bellows of insulation;
2) device ontology and pipe connection flanges;
3) roof water system pipe construction support Pier;
4) terminal equipment with vibration reduction measures.
40, contract file is not a piece of paper, including the tender documents, construction organization plan has a direct impact on measures of composition, in accordance with the standard construction is one of the contract. For example, tender by 24 hour continuous construction considerations, night time measures fees must consider, noise and environmental protection costs is not a simple rate, you can replace. Another example of design drawings shall comply with the requirements of PE pipes, but did not indicate what you want to take the roof section, press for PE pipe should be can't baoshai protection measures, it should consider the offers. In addition, in conformity with the specifications of the fixed and should be based on the specifications, because the acceptance to specification.
41, the list item and hanging under the convergence objective fixed child cannot control (including engineering calculation rule, the work content, etc.). Fixed a calculation rule, the list has a calculation rule, the two must be consistent. For example, someone mentioned several times in front of the pipeline trestle and wall bushing, press the list should be calculated, but Interior pipe installation fixed usually contains brackets and casing (with different around), and then repeat the calculation.
42, stair stone marking time slot easily missed, wall decoration different decoration materials joint treatment, ceiling fastening plate surrounding pressure line easy to leak.
43, construction inside: man-machine with a coefficient of digging, wet soil is also a factor. -Location of moisture-proof layer 0.06.
There are 44, civil something easy to remember, that is, bracing reinforced with horse stool, actual construction this is no small numbers, but annoying.
45, earth-moving categories and distance;
46, cave, basement, and so need lighting construction of artificial fee increase 40%;
47, structural column ring lintel template concrete calculations;
48, pipe pile core concrete, pile and test pile calculations, pipe pile length accrued pile tip length;
49, brick tail-1/4, 1/2 thick fixed by 900 consider, each more or less talent machine required adjustments;
50, pile-core round plate, such as embedded iron antirust paint brush, etc.
> 51, irregular plastering, drywall screw steel wire mesh, such as artificial increase;
52, plastering vertical height adjustment with super high plaster thickness;
53, electrical shaft bridge engineering statistics differ, the original design has no specific installation detail drawing, experience by budget officer under its own account. 54, tall plant installation fees used scaffolding. General steel structure not erection of scaffolding.
55, reinforced engineering pad can be counted in the reinforced Engineering? (in parts).
56, plastering of the fence, 2006 edition of Shandong province has separate consumption, enter directly the project item.
57, the scaffolding costs should be based on the approved construction organization design practices.
58, decoration in door of special hardware, particularly fire doors.
59, easy to put the outdoor terrace of the bottom surface plastering missed
60, easy leakage of mass concrete in a set of metal duct
61, different concrete level set when pouring fasteasy
62, doing a list item when the decoration is calculated according to the finish. Many of the projects appear to be complete, if not carefully watch the design drawings and specifications and tender documents for construction are very easy to leak, causing unreasonable price listing group.
63, plywood base such as tide fire and pest control, treatment is moisture-proof, stone stone, polished extruded edging pumping grooves and other detail treatment, light-coloured stone made floor more white cement. High ceiling crane reinforcement of support measures and protection, special decoration parts as designed when the desired reduction in material splicing of loss, etc.
64, beam high over 700MM and wall of bolt;
65, frame columns section of masonry reinforcement;
66, basic scaffolding
67, beam walls increase single scaffolding
68, exterior wall plastering tessellations caulked joint projects, the General is also easier for negligence.
69, scaffolding project paint brush size foot hand fee easily excluded.
70, aerated wall surface processing.
71, projection area of concrete works (stairs, balconies, etc.) in the concrete content greater than fixed content should be adjusted.
72, piping and control take professional interface portion of the source part may appear more calculation
73, scaffold of a removal easy leakage items
74, lighting lamps and lanterns costs and its installed ultra-high system debugging is very easy to forget
75, staircase of the preceding paragraph, the scaffold charges different bear below.
76, waterproof material additional layer thickness adjustment.
77, bulk water ointment filling
78, staircases embedded parts;
79, toilet wall of concrete flange (of course this class belongs to the partition problem, not part of the wall is factored in, but prepare the manifest that is a prominent issue OH);
80, basement project lighting costs;
81, parapet deformation seams of asphalt hemp yarn
82, embedded iron
83, a roof with chimney
84, which discharges at the balcony
85, manifest the tender offer, the pricing for a precast concrete unit, precast element embedded iron on
86, backfill soil excavation and soil;
87, digging (chamfer or digging) that transports the soil;
88, basic bedding;
89, wood production of paint;
90, brick Foundation tide level
91, earth-moving at the end of the artificial winding coefficient of difficulty;
92, outdoor, technology pipes installed cost of scaffolding;
93, steel structure welding of non-destructive testing;
94, process pipeline wall bushing sealing;
95, settlement observation point reinforced head and man-machine costs 96, aerated wall surface processing.
96, labor adjustment.
97, base on feet top coating.
98, fine stone concrete ground of concrete strength.
99, doors and Windows of the paint and hardware.
100, installation cable, welding gloves of main member price.

【 Weak current College 】 optical transmission network planning cable cores and fiber type determines the influence factor

1 background to

In recent years, China's telecom networks takes on a growing trend in the telecom business continued rapid growth in the size of the telecommunications network has the highest in the world, as the basis for telecommunications networks optical transmission network of development by leaps and bounds.

Optical transmission network is the foundation of telecommunication networks, its plan, is the construction of telecommunications networks. Currently, the construction of optical transport network, transmission equipment and optical fiber cable line are the two basic elements, where yu low twin chant waste plan around your car tomb packing fragile Sun Yu Jie twin chant humming waste milk low-car different ǖ description where hop R Wong-gun yu twin chant waste low withdrawal na 晗 Huo Ji Hun milling I say 5 to 20 years; the second is the laying of optical fiber cable line systems is difficult to transport equipment to upgrade or update to accommodate network demands, while the optical fiber cable line systems once finished laying is very difficult to make large-scale changes; the third is the optical fiber cable line systems one-time investment in occupies a comprehensive construction costs higher weighting. Therefore, in the optical transport network planning and construction, must be carefully planning must take account of optical fiber cable line in future l5-20 years life is still unmet transport capacity and rate of development of the need to build a reasonable structure, flexible security, can fully meet the needs of the future development of the optical cable network.

2 related factors

Optical transmission network planning in optical fiber core number and type of a more complex forecasting process, to transport demand forecasting and transfer points carried out for the Foundation. Due to fiber optic cable service life is long, but all these factors limit the effect on forecast accuracy and operational impact (especially for medium-and long-term), therefore, the need to take into account the effect of the optical transmission network planning in optical fiber core number and type of factors through lists and analysis.

2.1 transmission network level

Basic telecommunication transmission network in China is divided into three levels, namely the national trunk (interprovincial) transmission network, provincial secondary main line transmission network and local transport network. Corresponding optical fiber cable line is divided into three levels, namely the level Cabel, L2 trunk cable and fiber-optic local network. Local transport network can be divided into local backbone transmission network and the local transmission network access layer. Level link, L2 trunk, local backbone transmission system of distances, the rate is high, at present the system basically have application Division; local access layer transmission network transmission distances are relatively short and systematic rate is not high, the current application Division. Therefore, depending on the level of basic transport networks to determine the selection of optical fiber types.

2.2 fibre types

Single mode fiber with its decay, frequency bandwidth, large capacity, low cost and ease of expansion, etc., as an ideal communication transmission medium in the world are very widely used. At present, with the advent of the information society, people of the optical fiber amplifier, TDM, WDM and frequency division multiplexing technology, which makes single-mode fiber transmission distance, communications capacity and the transmission. To further improve the transmission rate.

ITU-T in accordance with zero dispersion wavelength and as wavelength shift or not will be single-mode fiber consists of G.653 G.652,, G.654, G.655,: G.652 G.655 fibers in the present, in common use. All types of optical properties and application characteristics are as follows:

(1) G.652 fibre (non-dispersion-shifted single mode fiber)

Conventional single-mode fiber 1310nm wavelength performance is the best single-mode fiber, currently the most widely used, mainly used in 1310nm wavelength area open long distance 622Mbit/s and the following system, 1550nm wavelength region opened 2.5Gbit/s or N×2.5Gbit/s WDM system.

Low water Peak Singlemode Fiber (full-wave fiber), the advantage of working wavelength range, reached 1280-1625nm, mainly used in DWDM transport system of the metropolitan area, provides the l20, or more of the available channels.

(2) G.653 fibre (dispersion shifted SM Fiber)

1550nm wavelength performance best single mode fiber, is by the zero dispersion wavelength 1310nm moved to minimum attenuation of 1550nm wavelength area of single-mode fiber. 1550nm wavelength area it not only has the minimum attenuation characteristics, and is zero dispersion wavelength, and therefore this fibre is mainly used for long-distance l550nm wavelength region opened l0Gbit/s and above in the system. But since the working wavelength zero dispersion area of nonlinear effects, can have serious four-wave mixing, does not support WDM systems, it is used only for single channel high-speed system, such as single-channel thousands of kilometers of submarine system and long distance land lines. Due to new or reconstructed terrestrial high capacity fiber optic transmission systems for WDM systems, the application of G.653 fibre is very small.

(3) G.654 fibre (as of wavelength shift single mode fiber)

1550nm wavelength attenuation lowest single-mode fiber, and producing special difficulties, the price is very expensive, so it is rarely used. Mainly used in long distance without insert active devices of no relay submarine fiber-optic communication systems, terrestrial transmission is generally not used.

(4) G.655 fibers (non-zero dispersion-shifted SM Fiber)

It also overcomes G.652 fibre in 1550nm wavelength dispersion of G.653 with large and 1550nm wavelength optical fiber in the nonlinear effect does not support WDM system faults. 1550nm wavelength region is mainly used for the opening of 10Gbit/s and above in WDM high-speed transmission system.

Fiber type selection end and transmission system for transmission distance, system and application Division.

2.3 life

Currently, fibre use lifetime is typically 15-20 years.

2.4 transport network programme

Transmission network in accordance with theAs far as the optical fiber cable line of specific physical routing, and on this basis, the transport node distribution, distance, set, ratings, rate, network security, etc. Different transport networks programme will directly influence the choice of cable cores. For example, network security, SDH self-healing ring protection method can take two fiber unidirectional path switching ring, second fiber bi-directional multiplex switching ring and four fiber bi-directional multiplex switching ring; two intersecting coincident partial SDH ring may use shared fibre virtual protection ring or stand-alone fibre protection ring, etc.

In addition, taking into account the different levels are the same as the long distance transmission network cable routing lots of cable construction to avoid duplicate investment, may use in the construction of Cabel local networks fiber needs into account, when you use the local network in the future may be in the nearest Cabel connectors open for fiber. So, the Cabel's core number will increase.

2.5 transmission business service object

Different transport business service object will also affect the optical transmission network planning and determination of the optical fiber core number to cellular mobile telecommunication network, for example, its transmission business service object has a macro cellular base stations, micro-cellular base stations, fiber optic Repeater, data access point, and so on. Because the service object, its transmission network access modes will also be different. Such as micro-cellular base stations is generally not equipped with batteries, in order to ensure the safe operation of the transmission network is not affected by the outage, generally not the micro-cellular base station transmit into SDH ring, which is a separate 2 core fiber opened chain type system; fiber-optic Repeater is a direct-attached, the need for separate occupation 2 core fiber-to-end base station. According to the above-mentioned transfer service objects for different classes, you can identify each piece of fiber optic cable cores. In addition the determination of optical fiber core number should also take into account the number of rental, alternate fibre optic fiber number, etc.

2.6 laying

Fiber optic cable laying main pipe laying, buried, cableway. Different laying on future expansion and construction of optical cable line speed and flexibility from low to high impact sequence: buried, aerial laying, pipe laying. Optical fiber cable line expansion of high speed and flexibility, then on cable cores of forecasting can be relatively conservative, but should consider pipeline resource expensive and limited.

2.7 economic development

Local economic development level and speed will directly affect the optical transmission network planning cable cores and determination of fiber types. From China's national conditions and future development needs, our country in Eastern area of the construction of the new route will gradually shift to l0Gbit/s and above-based WDM system, in this case, the cost of fiber-optic system G.655 will than using the traditional G.652 fibre system costs. At the same time, our country has a highly uneven economic development, China's Western region of the communications business needs in a very long time to catch up with the eastern region, thus adopted 2.5Gbit/s-based WDM systems, would be sufficient to meet the long route of business needs. At this rate, the use of G.655 fibers of necessity and urgency are not so strong. Similarly developed areas of communication demand that their local cable cores need more Western region.

2.8 future new technology development and application of

Communication technology is advancing rapidly, in the near future, as all-optical networks, optical transport networks, new technologies such as optical Internet access and applications, optical transmission network pattern changes, but all-optical networks, optical transport networks, optical Internet and other new technologies in transport physical media is still a fiber, optical transmission network planning cable cores, type determines is necessary to take into account the application of new technologies in the future and development.

2.9 economics

Optical fiber cable line systems one-time investment in occupies a comprehensive construction costs higher weighting. In optical fiber core number, type of, you must consider the economics of the construction project. On the one hand, blind pursuit of fiber optic cable system apparatus configuration or G.655 fibers will enable optical fiber cable line systems construction investment is too large, too much wasted idle fiber resources. On the other hand on the future development of estimates, just consider the present network requirements and conserving construction investment, fibre resources do not meet the business needs, the optical fiber cable line systems of the construction cost of the expansion will more than tenfold, dozens of times. With economic development, improvement of urban planning system, optical fiber cable line systems (using an existing pipeline construction) construction costs will be higher and higher.

3 Summary

Through the above discussion, one can see the optical transmission network planning in optical fiber core number and type of a more complex decision-making process, predict and forecast accuracy, reasonability, forward-looking, and economics to promote local economic development, improve communications, the competitiveness of enterprises and reducing operational costs have a significant impact.

【 Weak current College 】 House renovated late acceptance of five aspects of home decoration quality

★ Paint inspection

1, furniture surface contamination is flat. Should ensure that there is no bubble, no cracks and paint thickness to balanced, consistent color.

2. furniture varnish surface thickness, paint surface saturation, clean, no particles.

3, walls latex paint is uniform surface is smooth, reflective, no empty drum, blistering, cracking phenomenon.

4. wood and plasterboard ceiling paint is latex paint, the surface smooth, Board places no cracks.

5, ceiling corners connected is handled smoothly, no obvious wrong sheath and deformation.

6, wallpaper slot is not accurate, not tear phenomena. Patterned texture tile pattern should be accurate, not wrong ' phenomenon.

7, walls are no pollution, no dirty traces exist.

★ Woodworking's acceptance

Woodworking's acceptance mainly reflected in:

1, whether straight flat structure. Either horizontally or vertically, the correct woodworking is should be straight flat.

2. angular accuracy. Normal angle is 90 degrees, except in special design factors.

3, parquet is rigorous, accurate. The right wood parquet, to achieve mutual seamless or to maintain uniform spacing distance.

4, radians, and roundness is smooth and sleek. In addition to a single, more of the same shape but also to ensure that a consistent style.

5, the cabinet door switch properly. Door opening, operation light, no abnormal sound.

6. fixed cabinet Ministry received wall should generally be no gaps.

7, woodworking project exists breaking phenomena. Should ensure the smooth surface of woodworking projects, no drum or breaking.

8, symmetry symmetric woodworking project.

9, decorative Panel screws have patched the eye. Of course this is the painter's work, but because of the woodworking projects, so this mention.

10, ceiling corners extension is smooth, with no obvious wrong sheath and deformation.

11, tail cable is installed straight, ground accurately.

12, aluminum plates, PVC plates, toilets, kitchen and part of the ceiling is formed, no deformation phenomena.

13, door knob lock installation location is correct, open normally.

14, bedroom door and other door leaf to open correctly. Down, up, left, right, the door should be strict, moderate, under the door gap to 0.5cm is better in General.

★ Brick of acceptance

1, brick surface is flat and no tilt phenomenon.

2, brick surface cracks are structured.

3, toilet, balcony and floor drain's kitchen floor tiles have sufficient self draining inclination.

4, brick surface has broken the collapse point phenomena.

5, tile orientation is correct, no reverse phenomenon.

6, tiles and waist line location is correct, no deviation or height of the error.

★ Metal project acceptance

1, metal body structure is flat; if form part of the request, such as a closed piece full strip.

2. metal form is flexible operation, there is no obstacle.

3, network security, security door, tube joints are polished and placement firm, no loose phenomenon.

4, specifications, tube thickness meets the requirements.

5, forms and study room with no leakage phenomenon rain.

★ Miscellaneous acceptance

1. in accordance with the provisions of the contract item, each audit project is complete.

2, lamps are all lit.

3, engineering garbage is already clear all.

4, sanitary and other installed products are installed correctly, including water and toilet flush properly, wash basins draining properly.

5, floor drain have blocked.

【 Weak current College 】 how to choose suitable for their families and curtain track

Modern Windows track a lot of stress. From materials, metal, wood, plastic (PVC) in three categories. By using the function, can be divided into single, double, telescopic rail, bent axle, rope track, electric rail. Either a curtain rod, hope it can achieve the appearance, texture is firm, smooth, and pulling the flexible living environment and harmonious effect.

Suitable for ordinary families form the monorail, art layout, easy-to-track and the entire family atmosphere reconcile, installation is also very convenient. Material on iron, aluminum, stainless steel, wood, plastic, etc. Regardless of style, the key is to see whether it is safe to use, convenient, and started whether material thickness. Telescopic rail is easy to use, scales to any regulation, there are iron, aluminum, steel, plastic-steel, but in the selection of key it is necessary to pay attention to when the expansion interface, because the interface determines the service life of curtain rod. Interface address is not good, will wear the pulley, thus affecting la Kai. Curved track various arc, octagonal and irregular window sill, materials can be divided into two kinds of aluminum alloy, plastic-steel. Curved track material thickness, bending angle size, the size of the bearing.

How to identify the pros and cons of the plastic curtain rod? the following four points of reference:

First, light. The window opens when the level of sound determines the curtain rod. High-quality plastic curtain rod la restarted only about 43 DB, equivalent to a split air conditioner running sound. While the inferior products open sound big and short life.

Second, slippery. Curtain rod la kai's smooth, Rails strength and load-bearing ability is very important to choose the reference index. High-quality PVC Windows in orbit of the pulley can accommodate 48 kg pulling force, 5 kg load, La thousands of times still light cycle a smooth.

3. flat. Handsome appearance and the surface is smooth, specification error is less than 0.15mm, heated to 150 ° c under no bubbles and mark sharp, no aging variable row phenomenon, inner and outer walls are still smooth.

IV. Security. By the relevant authorities in the detection, only products of resilience, tensile strength, oxygen index, elongation, heat resistance up to standard, high-quality plastic curtain rod.

【 Weak current College 】 property inspection regulations

1.0 purpose

Spec Community regional inspection management work to ensure that the order of the community a normal life.

2.0 scope

Applicable to household Central Regional Manager on the management of property inspections

3.0 description

4.0 duties

4.1 tenants Center Director is responsible for the co-ordination of Community inspections.

4.2 household supervisor is responsible for allocating community stewardship of the inspection area, on the Community inspection report on the audit work

4.3 Regional Manager, security, cleaning staff perform community inspections.

5.0 content

5.1 community property inspections mainly by keeper is responsible for the security zone and the cleaning staff assistance. Requirements under the jurisdiction of the Regional Manager for the region is very atmospheric and households, families, households, rental of premises in the business, the company's internal use of shops, the number of idle shops and usage is very familiar with.

5.2 multilayer, medium and high-rise buildings inspection
5.2.1 check whether the normal water tables, records or running water table parts damaged units and contact the owner to follow up. When the meter in the unit no human habitation of the operation, first turn off the water gate, preventing flooding accident, notify tenants Center foreground property Assistant verified, and promptly notify the telephone. If none of the unit keys, and cannot contact the owners, the flat gate or mail to place relevant notification; when revealed abnormal operation, should promptly report to the Director/supervisor, and follow up treatment results and in the Community inspections carried out in the report.

5.2.2 inspections staircase. Check building large gates, corridor, staircase light is normal, flat doors, public window is in good condition; the staircase between the wall and ceiling finishes for peeling, cracking; wall, floor tiles is intact or empty drum, and in the Community inspection report on the record of improvement projects;

5.2.3 for owners/tenants misplaces the behavior of the garbage and debris, the regional manager should be polite to convince owners/tenants, and to persuade them to correct, if found to have abnormal odour staircase should immediately investigate the related units, if unexplained, it should be immediately reported to the Executive or officer to assist in processing;
5.2.4 checking the roof drains/snorkel Kit is intact, lightning is rusting, days are neat, Mesa and the Community inspection report on the record of improvement projects.

5.2.5 inspections, high-rise buildings, when the construction personnel use the elevator found carrying prohibited contents, to seize the relevant construction personnel in the construction and fitting-out ticket group management staff for processing.

5.2.6 keep fire door is closed but not locked state.

5.2.7 the building rooftop setting of the inspection record attendance of this "good time of each visit and sign in.

5.3 Villa inspections

5.3.1 check whether the normal water tables, records or running water table parts damaged units and contact the owner to follow up. When the meter in the unit no human habitation of the operation, first turn off the water gate, preventing flooding accident, notify tenants Center foreground property Assistant verified, and promptly notify the telephone. If none of the unit keys, and cannot contact the owners, the flat gate or mail to place relevant notification; when revealed abnormal operation, should promptly report to the supervisor or Director, and follow up treatment results and in the Community inspections carried out in the report.

5.3.2 check the Villa garden fencing, fencing, iron gate is intact. 5.3.3 checks whether there are owners of the villas and influence the overall structure and beautiful garden, and to stop and notice decoration managers follow up treatment, will this situation was reported to a supervisor or Director.

5.4 shop inspections

5.4.1 check whether the normal water tables, records or running water table parts damaged units and contact the merchant to follow up. When the meter in the shops without the use of the operation, you should first close the shops of the water gate, preventing flooding accident, notify tenants Center foreground property Assistant search key, and promptly notify the commercial phone. If no key to the shops, and cannot contact the merchants, the shops at the gate or mail to place relevant notification; when revealed abnormal operation, should promptly report to the supervisor or Director, and follow up treatment results and in the Community inspections carried out in the report.

5.4.2 regional steward should comply with the relevant administrative provisions on shops in the violations Act politely give advice, and advise its correction.
5.4.3 when merchants don't obey advice, should the situation honestly to supervisor or Director.

5.4.4 checks whether the proper disposal of shops, a non-hygienic dead angle.

5.5 public inspections

5.5.1 check road, square of related facilities are intact;
5.5.2 a children's play facilities, recreational facilities is in normal use;

5.5.3 the identity in the community for damage;

5.5.4 is neat in public places, there are no sanitation dead corner, the gardens are intact;

5.6 check area of renovation and construction units

6.0 related file file number file name 7.0 quality records record number records form the checklist on the inspections carried out by the attendance of this law


8.0 modify record

【 Weak current College 】 custom-made curtains concealing many Maoni

Today, the curtains were many indispensable ornament ornaments, beautiful curtains behind hidden Maoni. Recently, has been engaged in the curtains of Mr. Zhang told reporters that some adverse curtain producers hang consumer Insider. Low price, unless the passenger and accessories to make money he said that many consumers in the production of curtains, first choose your own satisfaction of cloth, selected fabric curtains shop until we've produced. Consumers making curtains tend to first consider the cloth price, some curtains shop in order to retain customers, will reduce the price of cloth. Such as a cloth peer other shop there, the boss will sell-price even loss to the customer. But people choose curtains, mostly only note curtain itself price and color, fabric, etc., very little attention to these materials. And sell fabric of the catch consumers this mentality, to reduce fabric price and accessories make it back. Mr. Zhang gave journalists cited an example. Take a 2-meter window, to 25 RMB/m, 4 m, to 100 of money, but in production, the customer must also pay 4 ~ 5 Yuan/m of processing fees, and bought hook, Plumb, Velcro, orbit, etc. Originally just 4 RMB/m track, fabric shop sells for $ 8, the market just 0.5 Yuan/a hook, fabric shop selling 1 Yuan/a, just p.p 3 Yuan/m of vertical line, some fabric shops selling 8 Yuan/m, the count down, only supporting materials will be a $ 130, consumers in auxiliary materials spend more money than cloth also expensive. Because of the customer in making curtains, not ask all kinds of accessories and parts prices, to get back to pick up, only to find himself fell into the businesses set up in the trap of "low price". Buy when counting the cloth making constant deduction Zhang that to the name you want to do, that consumers of folds more cloth, cloth "checkers" has become the rows in a open secret. If you want to buy 2.4 meters wide curtain, the boss will encourage you to buy 6 meters of fabric. They will tell you: "cloth hanging up there are folds, 2.4 m window plus half of the fold, the fabric is not enough to say the least, very ugly. "Under such instigation, many consumers will listen to the boss 's" recommendations ". In fact, a form of 2.4 m, fold-up to 4 m 4.5 m is enough, you buy the fabrics, the boss was doing when it comes out from the deduction, since many curtains are to pay the deposit, as far as the boss after goods in processing time exactly how much cloth, only the boss himself most clearly, because there is no customer will keep in the tailor, and little customers waiting for curtains do after carefully to measurement. Even in the event of discovery of individual customers seriously and less cloth, cloth has been processed, but in general it is difficult to measure out doing the exact size, after not affecting the curtains of the overall effect, consumers generally will not be too jiaozhen. Make money from accessories, deduction of cloth on which many fabric processing shop through use of the trick, but in some high-grade fabric store, do more "sophisticated" is home-made cloth on foreign labels pretend to be imported, and then turn the cloth prices to deceive consumers many times. Standard development of processing expected curtain, Nanning curtains processing market in the production of curtains, do not send materials, but with many consumers are not familiar with the materials and parts prices, businesses looking to make money from accessories, on a number of people in the industry believe that this phenomenon exists is not conducive to the healthy development of the entire industry. Talk to people in the industry, in accordance with common sense, making curtains of orbit, hooks, straps and other accessories should be customer buyer material that is sent when the cloth, although this is not a hard and fast rules, but should be the future brand curtains processing development direction. As a merchant, you should rely on quality, service, and the curtains of style to attract consumers, is the only way to gain the trust of consumers, to win customers. Nanning city administration of relevant staff also reminds consumers in making curtains, you also want to keep a mind, we must first ask the price of those materials, shop around and then pay the deposit, in order to avoid falling into the "ingredient" price trap. At the same time get the curtains of the finished product, you may wish to use a ruler to check the length and width, if the "shrink".

【 Weak current College 】 smart home technology trend of scanning

Smart home is through the use of advanced computer, communication and control technology (3C), establish a home security system, network service system and home automation system consisting of a family of integrated services and management of the integrated system, in order to achieve full protection, facilitate communications and comfortable living environment of the family residence.

Smart home is a multifunctional technology system, which includes Visual interphone, domestic security, household premises distribution system, lighting control, household appliances control, remote video monitoring, sound listening, family of audio and video systems. Home intelligent contains more current domestic products have a bus system, power line carrier, wireless, etc., in network connections, are basically using the bus system network, telephone network or via Ethernet.

Home intelligent Terminal effect manifested

Compared with ordinary home, smart home not only with traditional live features, providing comfort and safety, high quality and pleasant living space, also from the original passive static structure into a dynamic, intelligent tools to help keep the family and external information sharing, optimizing the way people live, even for a variety of energy expenditure savings. Its fundamental goal is the home of information-related communications equipment, home appliances and home security devices, by wire or wireless means, to connect to a family of intelligent systems for centralized or offsite monitoring, control and management of the family, keep these transactional, family facilities and the residential environment of harmony and coordination.

As the community at the heart of intelligent systems, intelligent home system through its core device — to implement intelligent Terminal family home intelligent functionality. Home smart terminal is the heart of intelligent home, through its realization of the system of information gathering, information, inputs and information output, centralized control, remote control, linkage control functions. It features typically include home security, video intercom, remote meter reading, household appliances control, home information services, value-added services, etc.

Smart home platform system technical characteristics

Smart home network with integrated technology, communication technology, interoperability and wiring standards implementation and continuous improvement. It involves all of the family network's intelligence apparatus, equipment and systems operations, management, and integration technologies. The performance of its technical characteristics are as follows:

¡Ó adoption home gateway — family intelligent Terminal and system software to build smart platform system at home. Home gateway is the core of intelligent home LAN, mainly through the family network of different communication protocols between the conversion and information sharing, as well as with external communication network between data exchange function, at the same time, the gateway is also responsible for family smart device management and control.

◇ Used computer technology, micro-electronics technology, communication technology, intelligent Terminal (home gateways) family of intelligent, integrates all the functions of the smart home built on a unified platform. First of all, the implementation of the family network and the external network data interaction between; Secondly, to ensure recognition of instruction transmitted over the network are legal directive, instead of "hackers" from illegally invaded. Therefore, the family is not only a smart terminal transport hub of family information, and information of the patron saint of the family.

◇ Through external expansion modules implementation and Internet appliances. To achieve domestic appliances of centralized control and remote control features, home intelligent gateway by wire or wireless means, in accordance with the specific communication protocol, with the help of an external expansion modules control electronics or lighting equipment.

◇ Embedded system applications. In the past, the vast majority of home intelligent interruption by the microcontroller. With new features and performance enhancement, processing power significantly enhanced network functionality of embedded operating systems and software procedures that control microcontroller made the appropriate adjustments to organically combine into a complete embedded system.

Smart home platform systems technology development trends

Hardware platform can handle growing

Early intelligence controller with 8-bit microcontroller as a core processing unit, the function is relatively simple and pure. Often only have security, three tables collection, simple text information publishing and simple appliance control function. This period of product operation interface humble, household appliances control, advanced features are also limited to demonstrate concepts. Typical products are the National Chiao Tung University NDT100, NDT200, Singapore Bolo by 8XE.

Next, many manufacturers to make their products more comprehensive, display more beautiful, more powerful microcontroller or use more than one microprocessor work together. This period of product operation interface is relatively large, often using color LCD, mostly with touch function, integrates building intercom functionality, household appliances control function is relatively rich. Typical products are the National Chiao Tung University NDT300, star's smart Wang, Keri's future home.

Currently, there are a number of domestic and foreign manufacturers use 32-bit processor, combined with advanced embedded development platforms, the development of more advanced products. Based on this technology, product processing capabilities significantly improve, in the past will not be able to handle multimedia information and value added services can be achieved. Due to the use of specialized display engine, so the interface more rich, beautiful, household appliances control function is also more complete. Typical products are the wave of BC2-D05D, Samsung's 8170.

Security, intercom, subsystem becoming an integrated platform

Original intelligence controller often independent of the traditional security and intercom systems, users of home you need to install several separate subsystems, which increases the complexity of the installation and use. Industry technology integration between promoting smart home platforms become including security, intercom, information, digital appliance control, home entertainment for the integration of intelligent home platform.

Analog digital transformation step by step

As analog television to digital television, analog phone number toThe gradual shift in Word Mobile, intelligent home platform is experiencing a simulation to the digital revolution. Digital technologies are increasingly applied to smart home systems, mainly in the following areas:

◇ In circuit design using more and more digital integrated circuits. Now the smart home products have a high number of digital devices, the integration and reliability than analog circuit before has been greatly improved.

◇ Display digital has greatly enhanced the display effect. Digital display of technical difficulty and costs are relatively high, except for a small number of manufacturers to adopt this display technology (such as Samsung's 8170), most manufacturers mainly using simulation or half-simulation (such as a wave of BC2-D50D). With display technology matures, it will be more and more manufacturers are used.

¡Ó transmission gradually moving towards multi-network, security, intercom and access control, meter reading gradually moving towards a unified Ethernet connection. Multi-network will dramatically reduce the complexity of construction and maintenance, and improved transmission reliability.

From Wired to wireless

Wireless transmission characteristics is flexibility, mobility and scalability is wired transmission mode is not available. But wireless technologies need to address the challenges. Such as: how to make the transport distance as far as possible, and avoid damage to people, and how to avoid signal interference? how to improve the transmission bandwidth in order to be able to transmit more complex data?, and so on. Despite these issues to technical Rd staff continually go into innovation, but believe from Wired to wireless general trend cannot be reversed.

Intelligent module technology development trends

Intelligent module is a smart home platform execution units and control Terminal, and intelligent control system is an organic whole. Smart module by wire or wireless means and smart to accept in the controller in the controller's centralized control directive, together with the controller in the entire platform of intelligent home system.

Wireless networking mode will become the mainstream

The first intelligent module using a wired connection, usually in advance of the bus or power line transmission of control signals. Remote control functions via wireless or infrared access point, bring remote control instructions into the wired control instructions transmitted to the managed smart module. The following are two common wired control intelligent switch technology:

Bus switches: technical features of the programme is the strong electric and electronic separation, the entire system in one (or more) of the wireless access point to unify receives wireless signals, signal through pre-bus to transfer the control signal. System uses the ELV separation mechanism system more stable, strong adaptability of load, but its disadvantage is the need to pre-control line, the need for auxiliary equipment, difficult to install, hard to debug, difficult to maintain, often after a system failure will cause the entire system crashes. On behalf of the manufacturer has APBUS ABB, Clipsal, and e-House, etc.

Power line carrier programme: the Programme originated in Europe and the United States in the 1970s, in Europe and more. It usually has one or more direct access to the strong power of wireless access points, through the exchange of strong electricity as a carrier transmission control signal. The disadvantage is that the control signal directly in the strong electricity network transmission, unstable extremely vulnerable to outside interference, in the application shows great diversity of regions, in particular China's current network interference is relatively large, but China is now a large number of household appliance manufacturers of household electrical appliances not normative more to increase the programme's instability, but has the advantage of wiring simple. On behalf of the manufacturers have X10, Swiss francs, Sobolev, etc.

While wireless smart module is biggest advantage is installed very convenient, with particularly strong splits can better adapt to a variety of application environments. Every smart module is a wireless access point interfering with each other. Following a single fire wireless smart switch, for example, its installation is fully equivalent to a normal switch. With the increasing development of wireless technology, I believe it will have more manufacturers use wireless.

DIY market intelligence module product development

Previous smart module only with domestic intelligence centers comprise a set of smart home solutions, this is often a large full-system, price is more expensive. Intelligent module cannot be used independently from the system, it also makes smart home just a few rich people enjoy luxuries. But as the concept of smart home is becoming increasingly popular, majority of ordinary consumers also exists with the same consumer demand, the smart module must install, maintain and use are simple, and no longer rely on intelligent home and home of the central system into a system. The current foreign smart home products are being split into a pure module in supermarket sales. This trend appears to be completely done big smart home market and causing a revolution.