【 Weak current College 】 intelligent building HVAC and lighting control strategy

1. Overview
United States Carnegie Mellon University, Department of architecture of the building performance test center (CenterforPerformanceandDiagnostics, DepartmentofArchitecture, CarnegieMellonUniversity) the preparation of smart work interval (IntelligentWorkplace, hereinafter referred to as IW) is a United States National Science Foundation support, the international consortium ABSIC (AdvancedBuildingSystemsIntegrationConsortium) investment. ABSIC by schools, companies and Government departments. United States Government departments including the Department of Defense, Department of energy, environmental protection Department, the Service Bureau and the National Science Foundation, the company has AMPIncorporated, JohnsonControls, SiemensEnergyandAutomationInc, SiemensAG and other well-known companies, the school is the Carnegie Mellon University, Department of architecture of the building performance test center. IW is the United States first building performance testing laboratory, research, development and commercial applications. Experimental Center aims to improve the building's internal working environment quality and energy conservation. On buildings of various performance metrics for test and simulation with a view to improving the building occupants (in Office as a test object) on the environment, and seven in demands: fresh air, appropriate temperature, proper lighting, outdoor landscape and relative isolation, isolated and quiet work space, with multimedia capabilities of a computer network system and power supply system, ergonomic furniture and the environment. According to estimates, only in energy conservation with a series of new technology, enables the building of energy-saving up to 75% (in the United States now use prevalence of energy as a standard). Therefore, Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) construction division in the reference by Japan, Germany, France, United Kingdom and North America's research results, redesigned and built this new Research Center will contribute to the construction sector as well as the development of intelligent buildings.

Intelligent Building HVAC and lighting systems of computer control system, is an important component of the intelligent building. This system of work performance is directly related to improving the working environment of comfort and improve staff productivity, but also related to energy conservation and environment protection of the important means. Computer control system according to the working conditions and within the interval of external conditions, in a timely manner or on a schedule for automatic control of the indoor temperature, humidity, work interval of brightness, etc. Computer control system is to embody the "smart" factors in one of the most important factors. A building used by the device is called a "smart" or "is an intelligent unit", or a building called the intelligent construction, the application of computer control system is necessary. Therefore, the computer control system and control strategies is the evaluation of the importance of intelligent buildings.

This article in the United States Carnegie Mellon University building performance testing of smart work interval of HVAC and lighting control systems, for example, the description of the intelligent building control system structure and control strategies.

2, intelligent building integration system for computer control system

2.1 main equipment

2.1.1 evaporative cooling and air conditioning system, this system of 3 stages for cold start order: hot runner start, evaporative cooler started, start the alternate cooling coils; its two-stage heating boot order is conducting hot runner running: heat recovery, use hot water coil heating with air. This air conditioning system main task is to ensure the clean indoor air, indoor temperature guarantee of Basic.

2.1.2 tube radiation wall panel Wall shelves and air temperature sensors supply flow valve control signal. It is the basic point of the indoor temperature, then adjust the temperature of the device.

2.1.3 roof ventilation device outdoor temperature, humidity, wind, precipitation, indoor temperature, humidity, with this switch the control signal. It is the indoor temperature and humidity adjustment of auxiliary equipment that is also an important means of saving energy. Its power is the solar reflectance of solar cells on the Board.

2.1.4 sunlight reflector sunshine and temperatures are lighting and temperature system signal source, the light reflector is controlled by the two systems. Both shade and the light reflex to indoor and outdoor.

2.1.5 lighting system consists of a room usage detection, sunlight, the Sun reflection, indoor illumination, heartbeats, switches, remote control or computer program control of this system.

2.1.6 personal working environment system in personal working environment system, temperature, humidity, room usage detection, air velocity, air quality and other data are control elements. Every person working environment system of temperature, humidity, expectations, room usage measurement data from the sensor in the system or by artificial given, by a communication system to the next level (networking) and system workstation, network-level and system workstation computer control system for control of this personal working environment system of system parameters.

2.1.7 control system and main switchboard it is control, power supply and communication systems of the neural network.

2.2 control system control system consists of two large control section:

2.2.1 temperature and air quality control system of temperature and air quality control system of control objectives including the evaporative cooling and air conditioning system, buried tube radiation wallboard, personal working environment system, you can open the window, roof ventilation device, etc. This system of sensors including the indoor temperature, indoor humidity and outdoor temperature, outdoor humidity, hot and cold water flow data, room usage, air quality (CO2) data, dew-point temperature, and outdoorWind, etc. Executing agency is the hot runner, evaporative coolers, water valve, air processor, heating coil, cooling coils, air conditioner, water pressure adjuster for mixed, roof ventilation device, etc.

2.2.2 lighting control systems, lighting control systems control objectives include environmental light, perimeter and work lights, Interior shading devices, such as solar reflector. Lighting control system of sensors including outdoor light detector (maximum illumination), interior light detector, room usage, etc. Actuator is control of solar reflector, controlled sunroof motor, you can open the window, door and shading devices of motor, digital fluorescent lights, digital phase rectifier regulator, digital converters, etc.

Temperature and air quality both control systems and lighting control system is to interfere with each other. For example, in order to conserve energy and be comfortable working environment, winter and summer on the needs are different.

2.3 control system structure total control Workstation hot and cold water system, hot water system water cooling system for air handling systems, air handling units-1 (AHU1)

Air handling unit-3 (AHU3)

Tube radiation wall tube radiation wall control system tube radiation wall plate 1-26 (grouping)

Personal working environment system personal working environment system control system personal working environment 1-30 (Group)

System interface temperature/air quality control systems and lighting control systems interface (two companies)

Control system of input and output control system input, the output of the monitoring and control system for hardware control system hardware work status monitoring security monitoring and checking system guard magnetic card check system system device printer network equipment

3, computer control system control strategy of total control workstation control strategies must be based on various criteria using control algorithm to co-ordinate the work of the device.

Now assume that the work program and the environment: the day of outdoor weather parameters, evaporative cooling air-conditioning system is based on time or remote control command, before the arrival of the staff, provide a basic starting work indoor temperature and other conditions, when personal working environment room usage detection sensor detects some work, provide the start signal to the parent computer, control system in accordance with the expectations of a given person, adjust this personal working environment environmental parameters.

4, summary

Temperature control systems, air quality control systems and lighting control system for certain control goals are related, are control objectives and equipment between mutual interference. And intelligent construction each part of the integrated system is composed of a number of different manufacturers of these products in many different criteria, like data transmission bus, hardware, interface, software interfaces, control algorithms, etc. As a result of information flow and charged the target uncertainty and complexity, making the control system is very complex. As the summer sun with table light brightness, but also bring extra calories. Reduce sunlight may make the work environment of illumination is not enough. So how to play each of the devices work abilities and to control the working temperature, humidity, air quality, the working environment of illumination and noise, background music, and the outside world (the world and the system), communication, Office equipment, accessibility, and so on, and like the air conditioning system in the car, all indicators are in my work interval for self adjusting, create the best working environment. Also be able to meet the protection of the environment, reduce pollution, save energy goals. These are the basic task of control system.

Regardless of the temperature control systems, air quality control system or a lighting control system control procedure are not ready-made models can accurately describe the slow process, the timeout delay and nonlinear allows controllers to use does not require mathematical model of the algorithm, such as fuzzy control and predictive control, etc. Temperature control systems, air quality control system is a super time-delayed reaction system, plus the two control systems and lighting control system using both companies ' products, so that the control system of total station incorporates PID and fuzzy logic control method, the control system network topology is divided into three levels, namely the field level, network control-and programmer-operation level. By the programmer operation-level control system total station coordination and control of the entire control system.

If no computer control system to manage and maintain the above functions, the building or buildings is not as intelligent building, while the intelligent unit able to automate some of the features, but all the work needed to computer integrated control system. Therefore, coordination with workstation comes from a different manufacturer's child control system is necessary.