【 Weak current College 】 civil building weak electricity system and its integration

With the social development, technological advances, many emerging applications of technology and new building materials are widely used in civil architecture. Through the trial, making today's architectural form and its functional aspects, profound changes have taken place. As a modern building is an important component, intelligent management and personalized services, more than ever people are concerned about. While the weak electricity system in which the role is crucial. Here is my participation in some Stadium (Museum), theater, public and civil design work derived from experience, and we discuss.
　　
1 system integration

Practice shows that in the whole building, smart buildings information system, integrated technology occupies a very important position. It oversees all the electromechanical equipment of the building, property management and information services, you need to provide a large number of devices on the system. These real-time or historical data, building maintenance and management decision-making and automatic billing required, no such information, intelligent building automation property management is simply impossible. This shows that the building intelligence is built on the weak electricity system on the basis of information integration. It system integration should be based on information integration, achieving its weak core technology is the integration of their information.
Main features are: the establishment of a complete, unified Web-based monitoring and management platform, providing a full suite of system software, acquisition and access to all the light current subsystems and real-time data integration network system release, can be realized on the system information, resources and management of shared services, have a consistent, simple and convenient personal business operation interface, to meet lots of different job demands of users.

On the above view of the outcome of the preliminary conclusions, the weak electricity system information integration can help to achieve the following objectives: to reduce the system operation and maintenance costs; greater use of the various subsystems of information resources; increase the efficiency, the building management and improve the quality of the energy efficiency of buildings.

2 system integration considerations

1.1 weak electricity system composition

Provides an overview of several subsystems.

1. construction equipment monitoring

Monitoring system, using direct digital control technology, on building domestic water supply, drainage, water heating systems and equipment, refrigeration and air conditioning equipment for monitoring and control of energy saving. The intelligent distribution monitoring system and lighting control system for monitoring; construction equipment monitoring system consists of the management, monitoring and control layers and spot layers that provide a variety of sophisticated open technologies, achieving the best run at various levels. Through the Web on a window, you can control the management of the entire building device monitoring and management, energy conservation, environmental monitoring and property management, management system and control system integration.

(1) management is composed by a computer and printer, using real-time graphical monitoring operation software, is the human-machine BAS interface, either through the display or print information to observe the current or previous system and monitoring the health of various mechanical and electrical equipment and data, accessible through the keyboard or mouse action to change the operation of various mechanical and electrical equipment, so as to achieve a specific monitoring requirements.

(2) automatic monitoring layer is important BAS communications network equipment, it is the heart of the entire system. It on the one hand, via Ethernet and action points and other network controller, on the other hand via the fieldbus networks and distribution in all direct digital controller communications. In the network controller system all information stored, it will have a variety of control functions, such as electrical and mechanical equipment uptime and event statistics, load peak limit load calculation, linkage control and unit group control and other complex high-performance control functions on the entire system for the systematic monitoring. At the same time, the controller is the subsystem access to facilities for the integration of BAS important interfaces.

(3) constitute a field controller system III, its main function is to receive installation to all types of electrical equipment on the various sensors and detectors emit data, according to its internal pre-set parameters and establishment of control program for the corresponding operation (such as PID, Max, delay, etc) and various mechanical and electrical equipment for control, at any time in accordance with the operator station via network controller issued instructions to adjust parameter (starting the program) to change or starting the device monitoring.

(4) a system of three-level control adopts decentralized control, centralized management structure, even if a portion of the control network (line) is damaged, and only this part of paralysis, not affect the operation of the entire system. At the same time, the field controller with industrial grade components and have independent run function, even if the operator station (network) the problem does not work, the controller can still set in advance by internal parameters and the preparation of the program continues to run.

A three-level control of structure, so that each layer of the structure is relatively simple, and reduce the complexity of the repair, at the same level of network for 10 m Ethernet, the secondary network for 9600bpsRS-485 bus, reduces the system network, especially the scene environment introduced the possibility of interference; building automation management system monitors all electrical and mechanical equipment, such as cooling units, air handling units, air supply unit, VAV, drainage, ventilation, and distribution, lighting and elevator equipment.

2. program control switches

Digital program-controlled telephone switching system provides sufficient road capacity in order to ensure that all users of the building, and to provide for future expansion left margin. It is available through simple configuration interface for ISDN functionality, and matching X.. 25 interfaces packet switching (matching other interfaces) such as data communication capabilities. By software settings, enables the system to establish a private virtual network. The system has a 1 to a dial-up, call special business, conference call, in case of busy callback, call privacy, electronic mail and voice mail, and many other features. The system can also be daily automatic detection, diagnosis, location and host serious failure automatically switchTo an alternate machine.

3. structured cabling

The system is the entire building's "nervous system", speech communication, facsimile and other image information, videoconferencing and video signal and data communications, and networking. The system consists of six separate subsystems, which work areas, levels, management, vertical backbone, and equipment room and complex subsystems.
(1) workspace subsystem is the terminal device is connected to the information outlets of facilities including information outlets, the outlet boxes, connection cords, adapter, etc, are all kinds of data and voice line to the floor of the various sites.

(2) level of the subsystem is the main subsystem line extends to the user's workspace. The system is arranged in the same floor, a termination in information outlets, the other a termination in floor distribution frame, mainly using unshielded twisted pair. Need broadband transmission, you can use the "fiber to the desktop.

(3) management subsystem is the main line and level subsystem of bridges, while networking with floors provide conditions, including twisted pair jumper, jumper, when terminal equipment location (Bureau network architecture) change, sometimes just the way you can change the jumper, without rewiring.

(4) vertical trunk subsystem is mainly used for the connection between the main building to the floor management, using large log-twisted pair or fiber-optic cable, connect the equipment on both sides, respectively, and the management of jumper shelf; device subsystem consists of devices in the twisted-pair (optical cable), connect a jumper framework and related supporting hardware, lightning protection equipment, etc.

(5) complex subsystems for the built environment that is more than one building data communication signal connection integrated wiring system, using overhead installation or underground pipelines (buried) in the laying of cables and cable as well as preventing surge voltage of electrical protection devices. Structured and integrated system combines voice signals, data signal and image signal wiring through unified specification and design, using the same transmission medium, information outlets, adapter, etc, the nature of the different signals to a standard set of cabling systems, performance for compatibility, openness, flexibility, reliability, and advanced.

4. satellite and cable TV

The system is now generally set basic ways.

It is forwarded directly by satellite to television signal system, its functions as a space Repeater, is to solve the problem of TV coverage and high quality transport TV image signal. Cable TV (antenna) system uses a set of high quality antenna to cable TV signal sent to the system user, that has a two-way communication, Videophone, telex transfer function, and can be used with the home computer terminal connected to the network.

5. security monitoring

The system consists of closed-circuit television surveillance, entrance control and patrol and security alarm system.

(1) the control hosts a powerful control, operation, functionality, not only can matrix switching images, but also issues various alarm information alarm linkage function. System configuration for a long time recorders, will all be video signal for the accidents after the query.

(2) the access control system to an open distributed system, through the building management monitoring center, computer center, financial sector and between devices and other important regional implementing channel control, for seamless security management, enabling powerful, complete access control and management. Systems through communication lines and various intelligent access controller and elevator controllers are connected, you can control the cardholder access time restrictions and regional restrictions, distributed intelligence is the importers control system structure characteristics, regardless of any communication problem occurred, and the access controller can still implement regional control, time control.

(3) electronic patrol system that both sides of the floor and the staircase and the signal line patrols to check, set up electronic patrol, patrol officers in the press line check every click one more button cixun or swipe card, the system immediately record button/card action time so faithfully recorded the patrol, to enhance security on duty management provides informative data. When the patrol officers too early or too late (not in order patrols, not patrol a patrol station), the system host immediately issued an alert signal, so that the control centre of the guards to take corresponding measures according to the situation.

(4) alarm system in the building's first floor, the basement floor of the entrance and an important place within the set alarm detector and alarm buttons, when there is unlawful, illegal intrusion prevention area, the detector will immediately transmit alarm signals to a monitoring center. Burglar alarm system alarm linkage function, when the alarm signal, closed circuit television monitoring system will start the appropriate camera camera, Security Center's primary monitor screen also synchronous tracking the video signal; building automatic control system opens illegal intruder which channel of lighting, and close the doors, the illegal intrusion, siege in the region, thus effectively protecting the safety of persons and property.

6. a card management

Is the IC card technology as the core, computer and communication technology as a means of connecting various facilities into an organic whole, users with an IC card to complete the usual funds settlement and certain control actions such as opening the door with the card, dining, attendance, patrol management, shopping, entertainment, meetings, parking, Office and fee-based services and other activities. Instead of having to carry many keys to open the door to all counterparts pay and other complicated operations. The system can be monitored on the sector management and decision-making, the local system and terminal can be automatically collected information collated summary for system query, summary, statistics, management and decision-making. IC card can communicate with each other, not only satisfy the independence of the individual functions of management, and ensure the integration of intelligent electronic system overall management of consistency. The system of the common system, including: access control, attendance and parking management system subsystem

7. car park management

The system on a computer network core, Equipped with various modern parking device as invoice/ticket machine, automatic fence machine, vehicle Induction coil and charge machine and so on, the system can be automatic (semi-automatic) manages two major action. Vehicle inductive loop detected a vehicle enters automatically start the invoice/ticket machine, if the user card and system are the same as the storage of messages, then start the fence machine open railings for vehicles entering the garage, and at the same time, the system automatically records the user card number and entry information. Vehicles appeared principle ibid. System management host can achieve the following functions--garage-case count and control, recording all operations and statistics, manage long-term users of the database.

8. fire auto-alarm

The system uses an intelligent smoke sensing probes and temperature-sensing probes to intelligently induction of smoke and heat, give the appropriate analog values, through advanced algorithms that can cause the system to distinguish between true and false alarm. System display capable of graphical displays the exact locations and fire alarm properties. Fire alarm after confirmation, the system can automatically issue the appropriate fire emergency broadcasting and fire control, for the safe evacuation of staff and the correct and effective fire fighting. Fire auto-alarm subsystem typically include control host, emergency broadcast control unit, fire phone control unit, color graphic display unit, regional display/control panel and intelligent smoke, temperature probe, intelligent monitoring, control module, etc. When people discover that there is a fire alarm is triggered, the alarm signal is transmitted to the fire control centre.

(1) water spray system is in building each layer water fire mains water flow switch on the set, when the floor in a a water spray head due to overheating and action on the water, the water flow, switching action and its adjoining monitoring modules will signal transmission to the fire Centre. Fire suppression system: when the system receives a broken glass Manual alarm alarm signal and confirmed, the system starts the fire pump.

(2) smoke control system is when the system is confirmed immediately after the fire occurred on building exhaust fan, and opened fire on the lower level and the exhaust valve, the ignition on, the lower layer and the flue. Positive pressure ventilation system: when the system recognizes immediately after the fire occurred on building positive pressure ventilator, and opened fire on the lower layer and its air supply valve, the stairs passage, prevent flue gas pressure, guarantees when the evacuation escape. air safety

(3) fire broadcasting system is when the system after the confirmed outbreaks of fire, the system automatically cut off background music broadcasting and receiving on the ignition, the lower layer and the speakers have been fire evacuation of broadcasting to guide.

(4) Elevator landing system is when the system after the confirmed outbreaks of fire, the system immediately forced all elevators to the first floor, and automatically cut off the passenger elevator, the freight elevator, Elevator only reserved for firefighters and fire.

(5) shutter control is when fire channel roll-front sides of the smoke detector alarms, the system will control the shutter down to the ground, let the staff at 1.5M to evacuation, when shutter on either side of the temperature sensor probe alarm time, the system control shutter fell to the ground to complete fire protection district.

(6) other linkage control is when the system recognizes that there is a fire, the system automatically ring fire layer and its upper and down alarm/Flash, draw attention to the timely evacuation, the system will automatically shut off the fire floor and upper and down of non-fire power.

(7) public broadcasting and the emergency broadcast system, mainly in the building market, business center, lobby, restaurant, public walks and other parts used for FM and am broadcasting programmes, dual-card playback signal, CD player and a microphone signal, the signal through the mixer can choose any of the above sources, all the way through the volume control to adjust the volume circuit to the appropriate level, then the region selector and output to the given regional broadcasting. When a fire alarm signal, the system will automatically close the public broadcast, automatically burning layer and its upper and down toggle to the emergency broadcast, when necessary, can also be manually to use machine with microphone carries on the artificial command. In addition to public broadcasting will switch to the emergency broadcast, building equipment, car parks etc set emergency radio speakers, usually does not work, only in fire at the fire emergency broadcast.

9. backup power supply

Uninterruptible power supply is all network uninterruptible operation of important components of the intelligent electronic system uninterrupted running total protection. Considering the network information and security of your data, choose UPS uninterruptible power supplies to protect the information and data security is scientific decisions.

10. Thunder

With the development of science and technology and computer networks, microelectronics and network communication equipment is increasing, more and more prominent lightning danger.
Intelligent buildings will install all kinds of office automation equipment and communication equipment such as servers, network devices, monitoring host, broadcast systems and other equipment, to ensure that the equipment normal work and prevent the harm caused by lightning, in the construction of new building taking power Thunder

The particularities of the various subsystems 1.2

For system integration we have to take these factors into account, in order to make for different projects both fully system integration while not contrary to the relevant function management sector for special provisions for the management of the subsystem to be tailored to take out a reasonable and feasible system integration programmes. The following specific analysis a few special subsystem:

1. fire auto-alarm subsystem

The system features a system design review, and acceptance of construction management and centralized fire agencies worldwide. The Ministry of public security for the subsystem States have special provisions, in system integration, we should give full consideration to those factors. For example: the system should be independent of external information output to export directly with the local fire department networking; the system itself, the control devices must be of the highest management control; the system and building weak electricity system relationsShould be just as system integration provide the corresponding data information, when the power outlet of the integrated management system failure, the subsystem can be independent of the system of all related functions.

2. construction equipment monitoring system for distribution equipment monitoring system

The reason why the supply and distribution equipment monitoring system from building equipment monitoring system to separate out to do, mainly to take into account the characteristics of the subsystem's management. Building the seat of power from the building power supply, for different buildings, parts of the electricity sector has its own regulations and requirements. Due to the complexity of urban power network and difference, so the building power supply scheme could not be fully consistent, so that each building has its own different power supply and distribution programmes, the weak electricity system integration is also important to note that these differences, and local supply departments in the programmes of reporting and coordination work, don't take it for granted in accordance with customary practice for system design and construction, to avoid for future building supply unnecessary trouble.
Similar to the system of construction equipment monitoring system of three tables remote system in system integration of these systems should also be done in the design and management of government functions (power, water, gas company), coordination and communication work, will do phase of the programme, not with the relevant national administrative provisions contrary to the file.

Only note these special system of personality problems we can make an intelligent building weak electricity design, and systems integration work.

2 comparison with project examples light current system integration

2.1 to BAS-centric electronic system integration has limitations

Modern building weak electricity system typically contains 10 multiple subsystems, how to take into consideration and to optimize the design of these systems is that over the years the building owners, contractors, engineering design Institute has been an important topic to explore. Weak electricity system integration is the resolve this problem in a good way; traditionally weak electricity system integration often choose to building automation system-centric approach, using BAS specialized communications controller and the other party's products taking serial communication connections up to pass data between systems. This is it-party product into building automatic control system of an integrated approach; however information integration, to BAS-centric electronic system integration has certain limitations. As a cross between upper-level network and the weak electricity system integration between systems, we need to look it up by opening performance and capacity of inclusive down.

(1) first of all BAS software are designed as self-contained system. Although BAS is itself constitutes a communication network, it is a relatively closed system, lack of openness to the outside. The BAS provides certain data exchange interfaces, such as providing DDE function or API functions. But these data interface does not support the network operating system, but also for general users to use the data exchange capabilities, because the need for specialized software programming, is very inconvenient. The majority of the BAS in a network environment and other applications to Exchange data capacity is very limited, when the weak electricity system through BAS Center and superior integration system for the exchange of data, produce bottleneck effect but could not get the expected results.

(2) Secondly, in general the BAS system can connect to the other party light current products is restricted, it can be connected to the products listed on the table of product categories but dozens, only the full scope of electromechanical products at a fraction of that substantial constraints on other subsystems product selection, System product selection and optimization of the selection range is small, the lack of flexibility and freedom, that is, its downward inclusive is poor.

(3) again, an important question is the General of the central monitoring system BAS does not have Internet information integration management, you cannot provide transparent for the network to a data source, do not provide open database interface, and cannot provide the customer with distributed multi-user network environment. Because the are not designed to run under the network operating system, this relatively independent monitoring package, if you want to directly use other system resources is difficult, and remote operations management is also very difficult to achieve.

(4) Moreover, the current BAS system offers the user workstations running is the software itself, because the cause of the architecture, it is not possible to reach a large number of users for personal work interface, this greatly limits the scope of application of it. In addition, BAS manufacturers provided monitoring software products, whether individual operation interface, or graphical representation, are relatively fixed empty, the user can "Customize" content with little or no. It does not allow you to have "extra" needs. To the user, the manufacturers give you what you need to accept that the manufacturer is not for you, you don't want to have. In General, this kind of monitoring software on information processing and integrated management ability is poor and does not suit the needs of the information age. However, when the network operating system of the birth of a new generation of integrated software, makes it all a fundamental improvement.

2.2 regional network-subsystem integration programme

A new generation of advanced electronic integration systems, this is a set of specially designed for intelligent building weak electricity system integration design, provide the user with unified, real-time monitoring, data collection and management of network software: PSCADA system. Also referred to as "regional network-subsystem integration programmes". This set of distributed object-oriented software, based on a WindowsNT network operating system, the structure using Ethernet, TCP/IP protocol; to use component object model (COM), a software component reuse and intelligent agent (Agent) technology, is a classic distributed client/server network platform.

2.3 information integration best way is to use regional network-subsystem integration

(1) with the computer network technology development and maturity, network system integration has been widely used in variousLine industries, has become the natural choice for information technology. It is equally suitable for go information of intelligent building. We offer intelligent building information integration best way is to use regional network-subsystem integration.

　　
To sum up, as a category a smart buildings, information integration for modern buildings, the weak electricity system integrated the use of regional network-subsystem integration programmes.