【 Weak current College 】 80 's giving and draining off water and heating and sanitary engineering project quality common failing

The first section on common problems
Taboo 1: construction of primary materials, equipment and products, lack of compliance with existing standards issued by the State or the technical quality of the identification of the file or product certification.
Consequences: the quality of the project is not eligible, the existence of accident and could not be delivered, you must rework repair; duration delay, labour and material inputs.
Measures: plumbing and drainage and the use of primary materials, equipment and products, should be consistent with national or branch issuing existing standards of technical quality identification documents or products certification; shall identify the product name, model number, specifications, the national quality standard code, date of manufacture, the manufacturer name and location, product inspection certificate or code.
Taboo 2: valve installation is not required to carry out the necessary quality inspection.
Consequences: System operation valve switches are not flexible, closing is not strict, and leaking (steam), causing rework repair and even affect normal water supply (steam).
Measures: valve should be installed first, compressive strength and tightness test. Test should be based on each batch (the same brand, same size, same model) 10 per cent of the number of checks, and no less than one. For installation in the main tube on the role of the closed valve shut-off, one by one for strength and tightness test. Valve tightness test pressure strength and shall be consistent with the water system and heating engineering construction quality approval standard (GB50242-2002).
Taboo 3: install the valve specifications, model does not meet the design requirements. For example valve of nominal pressure is less than the system test pressure; water supply pipes when the diameter is less than or equal to 50mm with gate valve; hot water heating of dry, risers with globe valve; the fire pump suction pipe with butterfly valve.
Consequences: the impact of valve normal opening and closing and regulating pressure resistance, and other functions. Even cause your system to run, the valve damage forced to repair.
Measures: familiar with the application of various types of valves, the design demands of specifications and model of the valve. Valve of nominal pressure to satisfy the system requirements of the test pressure. The construction specifications: water supply pipes diameter less than or equal to 50mm should use globe valve; when the diameter is greater than 50mm should adopt the gate valve. Hot water heating valve stem, valve, should be used for fire pump suction pipe should not be a butterfly valve.
Taboo 4: valve installation method error. For example the stop valve or valves aqueous (steam) flows and flag instead, stem down installation, horizontal installation of check valves taken vertically, rising stem gate valves or valve handle is not open, closed space, concealed valve stem not toward inspection door.
Consequences: valve malfunction, switch maintenance difficulties stem down often cause leaking.
Measures: in strict accordance with valve installation instructions for installation, rising stem valves allow the full height of the opening of the valve stem elongation, butterfly valve fully consider rotating the handle, various valve Rod space cannot be lower than the horizontal position, but not down. Concealed valves not only to meet the needs of the valve to open and close, while stem inspection door should be toward the inspection door.
Taboo 5: butterfly valve flange with ordinary valve flange.
Consequences: the butterfly valve flange and ordinary valve flange dimension sizes, flange diameter is small, but the butterfly valve of the disc, the result cannot be opened, or hard to open the valve damage.
Measures: according to the actual size of the butterfly valve flange flange machining.
Taboo 6: building construction has not reserved the hole and embedded parts, or reserved hole size is small and embedded parts don't do tag.
Consequences: plumbing engineering construction, building structures, tick chisel or even cut off the stress effect reinforced, building safety performance.
Measures: serious familiar plumbing construction drawings, piping and hangers installed, active seriously with architectural structure construction reserved hole and embedded parts, specific reference design and construction specifications.
Taboo 7: pipeline welding pipes after the counterpart not wrong in a central line, with no gaps, thick-walled tube not shovel Groove, width, height, the weld did not meet the construction specification requirements.
Consequences: the tubes in a mistake not directly impacts the welded the centre line of the qualities and impression quality. Counterparts without leaving a gap, thick-walled tube not shovel Groove, width, height, the weld did not meet the requirements for welding the strength requirements.
Measures: welded tube counterpart, pipe can not be wrong, you want a center line, counterpart should remain gap, thick-walled tube to shovel Groove, weld width, height, should follow the specification requirements for welding.
Taboo 8: pipe direct burial in permafrost and no handling of loose Earth, pipe support Pier spacing and location incorrectly, or even take the form of dry code brick.
Consequences: the pipeline because of the support, and in the course of the backfill soil compaction damage repair caused rework.
Measures: pipe laying in permafrost and shall be no processing of loose Earth, Pier spacing to meet construction specifications, support pad to laminate, especially the pipe connector, should not be subjected to shear stress. Brick Pier to the masonry cement mortar to ensure a complete and secure.
Taboo 9: fixed pipe bracket for poor expansion bolt material, installation, expansion bolts of Aperture too large or expansion bolts installed in a brick wall and even light wall.
Consequences: pipe bracket loose, pipe deformation, or even fall off.
Measures: expansion bolts you must select a qualified product, if necessary, the test should be carried out to check the sample installed expansion bolts should not be greater than the aperture expansion bolt diameter 2mm, expansion bolts to the concrete structure.
Taboo 10: pipe connection flanges and gaskets strength is not enough, the connecting bolt short or diameter. Heat pipe using a rubber mat, cold water pipes using asbestos gasket, and the use of double-layer pad or cushion, flange gasket cant process of people inside the tube.
Consequences: flange connection not tight, or even damage, leakage phenomenon occurs. Flange gaskets passing into a tube, increases the flow resistance.
Measures: pipe flanges and gaskets must meet the pressure piping design work. Heating and hot water supply pipe flange gaskets, rubber asbestos mat should be adopted; and drainage pipe flange gaskets, rubber mat should be adopted. Flange gaskets not passing into a tube, cylindrical to flange bolt hole. Flanges shall be placed in the middle of the slope pad or severalGasket, connection flange bolt diameter less than flange diameter should be, protruding bolt Rod 2mm nut length constructed with nut thickness of 1/2.
Taboo 11: pipeline system water pressure strength and tightness test, only the observation of pressure and water level variations, check for leaks.
Consequences: pipeline system operation after leakage phenomenon, affecting normal use.
Measures: piping systems based on design requirements and provisions for test construction specifications, except in specified time records pressure value or water level changes, in particular to examine whether there is leakage problem.
Taboo 12: wastewater, storm water, condensate pipe not closed water test will be hidden.
Consequences: may cause leak and cause users to lose.
Measures: closed water test should be strictly in accordance with the specification check acceptance. Underground, ceiling, pipes, and so concealed wastewater, storm water, condensate pipe, etc. to ensure no penetration does not leak.
Taboo 13: piping system flushing do not seriously before the completion, flow and velocity to pipeline processing requirements. Even the water pressure strength test release instead of washing.
Consequences: the water quality is not up to the pipeline system requirements, often causing pipeline section reducing or blocking.
Measures: System maximum flow or supposes juice should not be less than 3m/s flow velocity for washing. Should be to discharge water color, transparency and access to water color, transparency and visually consistent.
Taboo 14: winter temperature in negative-pressure test.
Consequences: due to the hydraulic test quickly freezes when tube, pipe freezing.
Measures: as far as possible before the winter, and hydrostatic test pressure test after blowing the water, especially in the valve, the water must be clear to the net, the valve will crack. Projects must be carried out in winter, the water pressure test to maintain indoor temperature, positive pressure test after blowing the water. In the hydraulic pressure test cannot be carried out, available compressed air to experiment.
Taboo 15: cold regions pipe test water in winter without timely discharge pipeline.
Consequences: the pipes and parts of frozen damage, resulting in the suspension repair, affect the normal production and domestic water.
Measures: in cold areas should be excluded in stagnant water.
Taboo 16: covert project without check or defective, we will begin the next procedure.
Consequences: engineering legacy risks, often leads to rework the loss.
Measures: whatever the project buried or submerged into concrete parts, thermal insulation of pipelines and equipment requirements, and installation in one cannot enter the sewer, tube and pipe equipment level and attachments should be timely, qualified concealed works check before the next procedure.
Taboo 17: pipe same the same type of room not sample room.
Consequences: the result is the same as the water in the room and not the same, and swing size not unified, rework.
Measures: pipe same the same type of room, such as toilet pipe construction must be model, check the pipe horizontal even vertical, left edge dimensions conform to the design drawings and samples require manufacturers to ensure that every worker in the construction of each pipeline practices are consistent, but also with other disciplines do not turn circle place to correct them. Then follow the pattern of land line large pipeline construction.
Taboo 18: pump base strength does not check will install a pump.
Consequences: the pump running, the underlying strength is not damaged.
Measures: former pumps installed, not only on the basis of size, location, and external, colleges and universities should also check their strength, ensure that they meet the design requirements.
Taboo 19: water pump and export Department of piping and valve without fixation.
Consequences: pump piping and valve of weight bearing directly by the water pump, and the resulting interface pump inlet out to connect Flex tube distortion.
Measures: pump tubing or valve Department, should be set independently of the holder, at the same time guarantee the water pump and export connection Flex pipe axis, piping and pump interface two centre line. To ensure accuracy, the installation process should be pro
The second section indoor water supply project
Taboo: laying of the pipeline using 20 tube bushing, flanged, live connector parts.
Consequences: pipeline construction due to refined enough to force protection, or because the system runs the hammer and damage.
Measures: laying pipe diameter should be used to connect, reducers hoop should not use the tube bushing, flanged, live connector parts. Taboo 21: pipe direct burial in coke residue levels or containing corrosive soils.
Consequences: piping subjected corrosion, shortening the length of normal use.
Measures: pipe direct burial in coke, slag layer containing corrosive soils should be used in mortar protection of technical measures.
Taboo 22: ground buried pipeline riser set aside left port does not meet the risers to install from the wall size requirements.
Consequences: rework repair, even damage the surface.
Measures: pipeline risers shed mouth before construction should accurately understand wall dimensions, especially decorative layer thickness, ensure pipeline or accessories outer margin wall surface is not less than the required clearance.
Taboo 23: pipeline pass water, summer around product pipeline and of dew drop down.
Consequences: ceiling decoration pollution, there is a certain ground water.
Measures: select meet condensation required insulation check quality of condensation heat insulation, heat preservation, as required to ensure the tightness of the insulation layer.
Tabu 24: installing water meters, water meters close to the walls, as well as before and after the meter does not have enough straight line segment.
Consequences: water meter snapping wall, the water table of installation and maintenance, and view the meter data difficult; there is not enough before and after the meter in a straight line segment, then the flow meter water form untidy, great resistance.
Measures: water meters to be installed in the ease of access, view, and not subject to exposure, pollution, freezing; install Woltman, table top valve should have 8 to 10 times the diameter of the pipe line meter, there should be other meter before and after not less than 300 mm line segment; indoor household water meter their table shell margin NET wall surface shall not be less than 30 mm, straight line segment long before and after the tableDegree greater than 300mm, beyond the segment should be armed bent along the wall.
Taboo 25: meter two connection pipe is not in the same straight line, with a live connection.
Consequences: meter live joints subjected to considerable stress, causing a meter live connector rupture, leakage.
Measures: when installing water meters, first check whether the live joint quality reliable, intact, if water meter is connected before and after the pipe is not in the same straight line, must be carefully adjusted to adjust the fit, the first hand the meter on the ends of live connector twist 2 ~ 3, left and right sides must at the same time, and then check again, to the meters completely in the natural state, and then simultaneously tighten live connector.
Taboo 26: domestic hot water piping installation location does not meet the requirements of the construction specifications.
Consequences: the impact of the use of, or even hot human accident.
Measures: cold and hot water pipes and water faucet side-by-side installation, you should meet the construction specifications and parallel installation, hot water and cold water pipes should be; installed vertically above, the hot water pipes should be on the left side of the cold water pipe oriented; in health apparatus of hot and cold faucets on installation, hot taps should be installed in the face of the right.
Taboo 27: living water tank water intake below the overflow pipe nozzle.
Consequences: water supply pipe shut off after the tank water drainage and water supply was contaminated.
Measures: the life of the backflow of water drinking water may be contaminated, water supply pipe with water imports shall not be any liquids or living being submerged, impurities tank water intake high out of the overflow pipe its minimum clearance for the water supply pipe diameter 2.5 times. Overflow pipe and sewer direct connection, export should be set net enclosures.
Taboo 28: top hot water supply system pipes branch pipe valve directly connected with the riser.
Consequences: the riser stretch deformation, so that the branch pipe rupture valve damage.
Measures: top hot water supply system pipes branch pipe valve and risers connection pipes are not directly connected with the vertical pipes, branch pipes must use two elbow to the benefit of Flex.
Taboo 29: drinking water pipes and non-drinking water pipes connection.
Consequences: drinking water contamination, affect human health.
Measures: drinking water pipes must not be connected with the non-drinking water pipes. In exceptional circumstances, must be based on an alternate water sources for drinking water for industrial, two pipeline connections should take measures to prevent water pollution.
Taboo 30: life of drinking water pipeline and the stool (Groove) flush the pipeline direct connection.
Consequences: pollution of drinking water pipeline, affect human health.
Measures: the use of water from tank stool or quarantine measures of special valves so that the water tubes and stool-slot (slot) rinse water pipe separated, to ensure that contamination.
Taboo 31: water supply pipeline through Windows, closet, wooden decoration or even through the stool and urine tank.
Consequences: the impact of these facilities, the renovation of buildings damaged.
Measures: the above steps should be taken when the phenomenon, the pipeline to move to the outside.
Taboo 32: water supply piping layout in contact with water will cause a fire, explosion or damaged materials, products and equipment.
Consequences: when a pipeline leak caused property damage when even produce an explosion or combustion.
Measures: water supply pipeline shall be arranged in water may cause burning, explosion or damaged materials, products and equipment of the above, should also be avoided on production equipment.
Taboo 33: water supply pipe buried under heavy pressure on the layout.
Consequences: might be bad, water pipeline pressure caused supply disruption.
Measures: water supply pipeline to avoid the harm likely to be affected by the heavy pressure.
Section III indoor drainage works
Taboo 34: laying of drainage pipe buttress unstable, or spacing over construction specification requirements.
Consequences: as backfill, construction, pipeline damage or partial form down-slope. Pipeline flowing water leakage or poor, clogging.
Measures: pipeline buttress to laminate, when buttress over 30cm, hierarchy backfill, prevent extrusion pipe. At the top and sides of the pipeline is strictly prohibited to use mechanical tamping. Cast iron pipes support Pier spacing should not be greater than 2m. Drainage PVC pipe cross tube line spacing pipe supports (see table 1-3).
Drainage pipe PVC-u horizontal straight line segment supports spacing table 1-3
Pipe diameter (mm) 40507590110125160
Spacing (m) 0.400.500.750.901.101.251.60
Taboo 35: pipe left port blocking not timely; drainage plastic pipe fittings quality rough, internal plastic film is not clean, resulting in a reduced diameter.
Consequences: pipe blocked, even clearing, had to cut off pipeline redesign installation.
Measures: pipeline installation, first of all should be carefully cleaned pipes and pipe fittings of debris, pipe laying mouth particularly timely upward swing port blocking tight to prevent debris into the pipeline. In order to stop falling into the riser of odds and ends, when the first layer of standpipe inspection after installation, in the standpipe inspection openings and timely installation of proof iron dust pan, is a proven method. By: when drainage pipe installation begins, the first layer of standpipe inspection openings at dismantling check CAP, timely mount iron dust pan, iron dust pan front-end and the tube wall snapping, lower part out of the tube. Cast iron drainage pipe used iron dust pan, in its tail hole, so that it is firmly seated in the standpipe inspection openings on the bottom of the bolt; use of iron UPVC piping should be its tail dustpan, welding — steel flat hold on homemade card, hold on the risers. This construction process falling into the drainage pipe of debris from the exhaust pipe iron dust pan, prevent entry into the bottom of the stack.
Taboo 36: the location of the wall and health apparatus installed size understanding inaccurate, resulting in a pipeline or pipeline underground laying of the first layer of the stack dump mouth.
Consequences: pipeline rework repair.
Measures: pipeline construction, to learn more about the earth wall position and health apparatus installation size, while pipes should be thrown at fixed firmly.
Taboo 37: cast iron sewage standpipe inspection openings set location and quantity does not meet the construction standards andPiping water testing requirements.
Consequences: when sewage risers and horizontal pipe plug, unable to conduct dredging, sometimes only truncated pipeline or pipelines boreholes for maintenance management has caused great difficulties. In addition, hanging pipe for concealed, need-by-layer for irrigation test, if not every layer settings check the mouth, or sewage risers and private pockets with H pipe connections, each layer of sewage standpipe inspection openings not located in the H tube above, will result in each bracket hanging pipe irrigates test cannot proceed.
Measures: cast iron soil drainage pipe should every second layer sets a standpipe inspection openings and at the lowest level and health apparatus must be set at the highest level, its height from ground to checkpoints to 1m and health apparatus should be higher than the layer 150mm, on the edge of the checkpoints towards should be accessible to repair. When Thomas hanging pipe required by irrigation test, each floor stand pipe inspection openings, if the design has a dedicated pockets and sewage risers with H-shaped pipe connection, standpipe inspection openings should be set in the H-shaped pipes above.
Taboo 38: connect two and two above the stool or three and three more health apparatus of sewage cross tube up-end Office does not set the sweeping mouth, or sweeping mouth installed in the floor beneath hanging pipe; in sewage lines horizontal pipe segment or in angle less than 135 ° horizontal tube of sewage, not complying with the provisions of the construction specifications, setting up checkpoints or sweeping mouth.
Consequences: sewage pipes are blocked, unable to properly open the sweeping mouth or inspection openings for clearing.
Measures: sewage pipeline when you connect two or two above the stool or three and three more health apparatus should be set in the end, while sweeping mouth when sewage pipe laying the floor under the suspension should be sweeping mouth located on one floor above ground, convenient pipe clearing work. In sewage cross tube angle less than 135 °, as well as sewage pipe cross tube lines, should set the check
Taboo 39: horizontal drainage pipe branch, Toro card Frame spacing is too large, or even use the ground instead of tube branch of estuary of rejection elevators.
Consequences: loose or broken pipeline interfaces.
Measures: drainage piping hook or clamp should be fixed in the load-bearing structure, horizontal pipe fittings spacing should not be more than 2m. And should ensure that the pipeline and in close contact with the card holder.
Taboo 40: cast iron drainage pipe connections are three links, stone, elbow 90 ° elbow, use parts does not meet the construction specification requirements.
Consequences: local resistance increase due to piping, gravity flow rate decrease, the pipeline sundries easily tees, elbows, forming a plug.
Measures: cast iron drainage pipe cross tube and horizontal tube, horizontal pipe connection with standpipe, should adopt the 45 ° lateral, 45 ° inclined four-way, 90 ° angled tee, 90 ° angled sitong transformations, pipe 90 °, 2 x 45 ° elbow or bending radius not less than 4 times the diameter of 90 ¡ã elbow connection.
Taboo 41: health apparatus especially the stool for water drainage system risers are not set in pockets or auxiliary ventilation pipe.
Consequences: not only affect the pipe smell bulk out while in the first sewage, forming vacuum tube, causing health damage, smell the apparatus water to spill, and also makes room for the second time the sewage problems.
Measures: General level is not high, health apparatus not many buildings should set the upper portion of the extension of the drainage pipe out of the roof of the snorkel, for building floors higher or health apparatus set up many of the drainage system, should be assisted ventilation tube or specialized snorkel.
Taboo 42: indoor drainage snorkel and duct or flue connections, and snorkel export are located in buildings of eaves, balcony and awning and other inappropriate sites.
Consequences: the impact of health indicators in the ambient air, while at the same time when the snorkel and duct or flue connection. Disrupt air parameters, often affect chimney smoke.
Measures: indoor drainage snorkel with duct or flue connection, snorkel within a window and door exports 4m, ventilation tube should be higher than the window top 0.6m or toward the side without doors and Windows, and snorkel is not suitable for export in building out some (eaves, balcony and awning, etc.). Snorkel in diameter should generally be and drainage pipe's diameter is the same, in order to prevent rain and snow or dirt fall into the snorkel, top hat, should be installed ventilation in cold areas, snorkel within easy ice cream, sometimes snorkel tube diameter greater than drainage pipe diameter.
Taboo 43: indoor rain sewage pipe access.
Consequences: sewage pipes over fullness, causing sewage spills around health and environmental impact.
Measures: rainwater pipes must not be connected to the sewage pipe.
Taboo 44: storm sewer to may produce toxic gases in the production of combined sewer or drain pipes without water.
Consequences: pollution of the environment and harm human health.
Measures: rainwater pipes to may produce toxic gases combined sewer pipe or production should increase water partition devices.
Taboo 45: sanitary ware installed in the future, do not discharge pipe water test.
Consequences: health apparatus after use, drainage pipe leakage effect occurs, the interface.
Measures: sanitary ware installed in the completion of the delivery should be individually before the water test (filled with water to overflow), ò, pipe connections, no leakage.
Taboo 46: sewer water test does not pass the ball after the test.
Consequences: because sewer construction to sanitary water test cycle is long, inevitably some debris falling into the tube, in sanitary water test, although the water purification ability to pass, but if the tubes are blocked when the fecal waste water also caused by pipe plug. Sewage pipe only through-ball experiment to test out the pipeline real unimpeded. If you do not pass the ball test, when a user uses the blockage, in not only affects the use of, or even user complaints to businesses caused by the loss.
Measures: sewer water test after test should be carried out through the ball, not less than 2/3 diameter of rigid plastic balls, to the riser duct, as well as the level of connection riser dry pipe test for pass the ball, the ball at the top of the stack, or horizontal stem from side of the ball, the ball against the force of gravity or water, the drainage outlet through to sphereIs qualified.
Taboo 47: sewage in pockets out of the roof height too low or breathable cover is not secure.
Consequences: the people of roof vents out roof height too low, the cold regions of snow so that it cannot meet the ventilation effect. On the roof vents out roof height too low odour impact the environment and health. Breathable cover unstable does not guarantee that the roof construction dirt fell into the pipe blockage.
Measures: sewage in pockets out of the roof height must comply with the norms requirements of standards, not on the roof, the roof height 0.7m out on the roof above the roof height 2m, breathable cover must use a solid product, and in accordance with the requirements set for lightning protection equipment against lightning.
Taboo 48: drainage pipes buried deep enough.
Consequences: mechanical damage caused by pipe or water freezing in the cold regions, affecting normal use.
Measures: drainage pipes out home pipes buried deep, generally should not be less than the depth of frost line.
Taboo 49: life to tank drain piping, air conditioning water spill and condensate pipe and sewage pipes and equipment to connect directly.
Consequences: pollution of drinking water sources and human life environment.
Measures: catering industry, technological equipment of the drain and overflow pipe, drinking water tanks must not be directly connected with sewage pipelines, and should stay out of not less than the void ·adjustment dividers, the air conditioning room fan coil pipe, need to add to the drainpipe, preferably above the drain pipe.
Taboo 50: UPVC drain riser flexible Festival installation position is not in conformity with the specifications, horizontal pipe expansion joints with standpipe ordinary Jack type.
Consequences: expansion joints, causing damage to the pipe deformation, horizontal pipe expansion joint water leakage.
Measures: expansion joints should be set close to the water flow join pipes and should satisfy the following requirements:
(1) the legislature through the floor to a fixed support and drain pipes under the floor, expansion joints when access should be set to the current of water merging pipes underneath.
(2) legislation through floor level to a fixed support and drainage pipes in the floor on top of the next person, expansion joints should be set to the current of water merging pipes.
(3) legislation across the floor for no fixed seating, expansion joints should be set to the current of water merging pipes above or below.
(4) riser on drainage pipes access, expansion joints can be expansion joint design spacing on the floor any part.
(5) transverse pipe expansion joints should be set to the current of water merging pipes upstream side.
(6) legislation across the floor to a fixed support, expansion joints be fixed; expansion joint fixed seating, risers shall be fixed at crossing the floor.
(7) expansion joint socket should be parallel to the direction of flow.
(8) in the laying of underground or on walls, concrete column in the pipeline should not set expansion joints.
(9) horizontal pipe expansion joints should be locking type rubber ring fittings; when the diameter is greater than or equal to 160mm, cross the dry pipe should be adopted in the form of elastic rubber ring connection. Taboo 51: UPVC pipe installation bracket card spacing is too large or with a metal pipe clamp directly fixed pipeline.
Consequences: pipe bending deformation, pipe leak connectors, as well as pipeline expansion caused by wear and tear metal card holder directly.
Measures: pipeline installation, according to the design requirements set installation pipe branch, cradles, and in close contact with the pipeline without gaps, metal pipe, tube and pipe should fill plastic belt or rubber band. Pipeline support for spacing, vertical tube diameter of 200 50mm, not larger than 1.2m; diameter greater than or equal to 75mm, not larger than 2m.
Taboo 52: UPVC piping installation of tall buildings has not taken measures to prevent cross-fire.
Consequences: in the event of fire, itself cannot effectively prevent the spread of flame and smoke, and increase the personal injury and property damage.
Measures: high-rise buildings, risers that set and whose diameter is greater than or equal to 110mm, standpipe, wearing floors as well as the tube diameter is greater than or equal to the downlead 110mm cross-drainage pipe access within the tube well, tube down the risers, passing through the tube, tube down the wall of the Office shall take measures to prevent the cross-fire. Cross main pipe when the inevitable needed through fire partition wall and a firewall, you should be in the pipeline crossing walls on either side of the fire prevention Department through measures taken.
Fire-resistant casing, collar, and so should not be less than the fire resistance of the pipeline runs through part of the fire resistance of building elements. Fire Sleeve use inorganic refractories and chemical flame retardants, collar should be fire-retardant Expander, and should have the Fire Department to issue certificates of competency.
Taboo 53: UPVC drainage pipe in the basement, semi basement or an outdoor aerial layout, the bottom riser has not taken measures to strengthen and fixed.
Consequences: sewage flows from the risers, horizontal pipe because the flow direction change, standpipe impact and bottom horizontal component to cause jitter and damage.
Measures: at the bottom of the drainage pipe UPVC Yishe buttress, or take a fixed measure. Especially in high-rise building, at the bottom of the vertical pipe shall take the necessary strengthening treatment.
Taboo 54: UPVC pipe risers through roof concrete layer without casing or plastic casing.
Consequences: standpipe through roof junction leakage.
Measures: UPVC pipe risers through roof concrete layer must be embedded metal casing, while higher roof casing must not be less than the 100mm, then it is waterproof layer. The gap between the pipe and casing with a waterproof mortar, etc.
Taboo 55: without inspection qualified PVC pipes for potable water piping systems, drinking water pipeline didn't before use pasteurized, irrigation, water use without inspection.
Consequences: the drinking water quality, serious harm people's health.
Measures: plastic piping for drinking water
The fourth section, health apparatus installed
Taboo 56: squatting Pan outfall and drains ground left port is not connected properly.
Consequences: sewage spill, floors and roof area moist or even stagnant water and leakage.
Measures: drainage pipes ground shaking of the socket by diameter and squatting Pan outlet diameter size should match, guaranteeing the squat toiletOutfall into the depth of not less than 5mm, and applying PuTTY or 1: 5 Hydrated lime and cement mixed gray fill real effacement.
Taboo 57: squatting Pan washing water inlet pipe leakage.
Consequences: ground water even in large rooms to the lower water leakage.
Measures: squatting Pan washing pipe inlet branch when binding his gum Bowl should first check the rubber Bowl and squatting pan into Office are intact, rubber Bowl should use a dedicated set of RIM fastening or use 14, copper wire binding two staggered tightened, squatting Pan washing tube angle of insertion rubber Bowl should be appropriate. While squatting Pan washing pipe connection should fill the mouth dry sand and live cover to overhaul
Taboo 58: squatting pan, toilet-stable installed its solid material only cement solid installation.
Consequences: when maintenance is not easy to disassemble, forcibly removed will cause damage to the health and sanitary ware.
Measures: squatting pan, toilet-stable installed its solid material shall be used only with cement, lime and cement plaster permeability less for a solid installation to maintenance and disassembles and assembles.
Taboo 59: health apparatus installed, modify the pipeline damage to ground water at rejection.
Consequences: the impact of ground water leakage, normal use lower room.
Measures: connecting health for pipeline ground shaking, must be ground waterproof construction inspection and modification is complete, ensure that the quality of surface water.
Taboo 60: waterproof practices, their toilet floor drain in waterproof layer on the surface and the floor drain water above, undersized.
Consequences: the floor drain in the floor drainer waterproof layer above the surrounding water may cause leakage; floor drain water floor dimensions over hours, affecting water seal leakage of water, the water evaporates quickly, the smell of sewage Canal flows into the room.
Measures: floor drain installation, floor drain on the surface and floor structure of the surface should be a flat or high water pressure 1cm, surrounded in the bathroom floor drain the water discharge from the floor drain quickly, while at the same time the floor drain grates should be flush with the decoration of a ground (or set of brass, stainless steel). Leakage of water cannot be less than 5cm.
The fifth section heating engineering
Taboo 61: heating pipe slope is not uniform and even slope.
Consequences: the lead local accumulation of air or water, water or steam in normal circulation, thereby enabling some pipeline system
Lowering the temperature of parts, or even hot, also produces water hammer noise, destruction of piping and equipment.
Measures: pipeline welding and installation parts, should carefully straighten, ensure uniform design gradient, such as design without requires, hot water heating and steam and the steam to the flow of frozen water pipes, slope and generally 0.003, but shall not be less than 0.002; soft drink reverse flow of steam pipe, gradient must not be less than the 0.005.
All kinds of pipe diameter should be made in accordance with the provisions, to exhaust and discharge. Pipe bracket, cradles of spacing should meet the design requirements, pipeline installation and through-wall plugging holes, you should check the suitability of the gradient of the pipeline and timely adjustments.
Taboo 62: pipe highest point or there may be no air concentration at the lowest point or device themselves may have accumulated water Department, no discharge device.
Consequences: the accumulation of gas in the pipeline and water cannot be excluded, a gas (water) blocking phenomenon, affecting normal cycle.
Measures: pipeline from doors and Windows or other openings, beams, columns, walls and other places around the crib, the corner as above or below the level of trend, pipeline at its highest point or low point should be installed separately outlet exhaust and device.
Taboo 63: heating dry pipe tap directly with t-tee.
Consequences: not conducive to the expansion of the dry pipe pipeline damage caused.
Measures: heating dry pipe tap is used both elbow to tap extension connection.
Taboo 64: heating risers and dry pipe direct connection (that is, not elbow).
Consequences: the impact of flexible riser.
Measures: heating risers continuous line length is less than 15m, standpipe available two 90 ° elbow and dry pipe connection, standpipe continuous Linear length greater than 15m, risers with three 90 ° elbow and dry pipe connection. Transverse section length should be greater than 300mm, and should be have the gradient, you should not use the wire and the elbow joint instead of cross section as connections, ensure the risers to compensate for shrinkage and expansion. General residential hot water heating risers four layer below the elbow with 2, 5-layer above the elbow with three. Steam heating three layers below the elbow with two, four-layer above the elbow with three.
Taboo 65: pipe reducer not spec.
Consequences: the impact caused Wo gas water heating system is working properly.
Measures: adjustable heating dry tube should be standardized. Heating, tube diameter shall not use the tube bushing, reducers hoop.
Taboo 66: compensator installation does not meet the design requirements.
Consequences: the impact of compensator compensation function, or even cause damage to the pipeline.
Measures: compensator installment should be set based sauce and guide support bracket, two telescopic device must have a fixed support, planar tilt compensator should be consistent with the pipe slope.
Compensator installation should be carried out according to the design requirements of pretension, pre-stretch length elongation of 1/2, in-line heat elongation of the following formula:
ΔL＝0．012(t1-t2)L(mm)
-Δ L-pipe thermal elongation (mm);
T1--htm temperature (° c);
T2--installation environment temperature (° c);
L-pipe length (m).
Taboo 67: automatic hot-water heating pipe leak valve failure, leakage of water.
Consequences: bedroom, living room, Office articles subjected to water seeping through.
Measures: the first automatic leak valve should use quality products while heating system to wash carefully, to prevent water contamination caused by flying a door jam instead of flying, water leakage. In order to prevent an accident occurs, it automatically spread rumours valve installed in the bedroom or living room. In ceiling installation of automatic leak valve also apply copper tube or pipe will be leading a ceiling diffusers.
Taboo 68: welded tube use different diameter of the pipe to suppress elbow and elliptical bending pipe wei exceeds the standard requirements of quality assessment.
Consequences: increase the system's local resistance and impact appearance SetupQuality. Wei curved oval rate exceeds the prescribed standards, resulting in the pipe wall local thinning, reducing the service life of pipes.
Measures: pipe elbows should guarantee its outer diameter is the same as with the pipe outer diameter pipeline wei curved oval rate when DN ¡ü 100, should not exceed 10 per cent; when the DN when > 100 should not exceed 8%.
Taboo 69: hot water heating buildings heating entrance conduit installation does not set by Atlas Portal device, non-pressure gauges, thermometers, discharge valve, tandem tube.
Consequences: the no-pressure gauges, thermometers, China letter of heat balance cannot be adjusted, in particular, the residential houses, a large the problem more pronounced. If no serial, first time heating time outside line pipe cannot be preheated; if no discharge valve, building maintenance is unable to discharge.
Measures: hot water heating buildings for heating water return pipe entrance, be sure to press the Atlas system pressure gauge, thermometer, concatenation, so that, when its temperature balance.
Taboo 70: high-rise building bottom radiator heating work pressure exceeds its carrying capacity.
Consequences: radiator damage, leakage, causing property damage to the user.
Measures: reasonable design radiator heating systems and selection, to ensure that the system parts, especially at the bottom of the heatsink, bearing capacity to meet the requirements of the system working pressure.
Taboo 71: transformer, distribution of indoor plumbing or valve use threaded connection.
Consequences: pipe wire places of corruption, water leakage, resulting in a power supply failure.
Measures: waterproof under power supply equipment, transformer, distribution room shall not set threaded valve and piping must be welded.
Taboo 72: heatsink installation cards, shelves insufficient number and location is incorrect and not a flat and firm; floor installation cast iron radiators, individual leg plate breakage.
Consequences: the heat sink is loose, creating a pipeline leak, even damage the interface.
Measures: radiator, tray installation location should be correct, laying flat and firm. All kinds of radiator, carrier number such as design without requires, shall conform to specifications. Floor mounting the heatsink legs should be complete and contact with the ground.
Taboo 73 heatsink installation no: construction specifications and design requirements for hydraulic test pressure intensity.
Consequences: the system pressure test large leakage effects can occur when building decoration project.
Measures: heatsink installation should be based on the system's maximum working pressure to determine the test pressure, hydraulic test, the test of time is generally 2 ~ 3min, not permeable not leak is qualified.
Taboo 74: cast iron radiator Group on using unqualified backing.
Consequences: radiator junction leakage, affect the normal heating, create difficulties for the maintenance and management.
Measures: cast iron radiator group, you should use the finished cushion, the material design without requires gasket should use heat-resistant rubber, set on the exposed back gasket should not be greater than 1 mm.
Taboo 75: cast iron radiator every group number more without legs and not in the pull bar.
Consequences: cast iron radiator number more furnace tablets without legs and in position, pull the removal process furnace hoop will have faults, warm water when the water leakage.
Measures: cast iron radiator 15 tablets in the leg, starting together 15 to 24 pieces plus 1, 25 piece above plus 2. 20 tablets start should Φ 18 pull bar.
Tabu design 76: radiator cowling.
Consequences: the impact of the radiator heat dissipation, resulting in indoor temperature can not reach the design temperature.
Measures: radiator heat transfer process are mainly in the form of convection and radiation, radiator cover should leave enough radiation window and air flow in cross-section.
Taboo 77: bathroom, a wet room, using no special anti-corrosion treatment of steel radiator.
Consequences: radiator corroded, lower service life.
Measures: bathroom, a wet room should use cast iron or surface after special antiseptic of steel radiator.
Taboo 78 fin steel string: ribbed deformation or loose.
Consequences: the impact of Visual quality, while loose because of finned heat will lower the heat sink.
Measures: strengthening the installation finished product protection, and ensure that the radiator fin the neat no warping, intact. At the same time as the main heat pipe connection close without gaps, the number of loose fin does not exceed 3 per cent of the total.
Taboo 79: heating system with warm-tone work after without debugging or debug value does not meet the design requirements.
Consequences: uneven heat distribution, a large difference in the room.
Measures: heating system-warm after as designed for the room temperature adjustment; industrial buildings allow the difference with the design temperature + 2 ° c, in civil building allows a difference of + 2 ° c to 1 ° c.
Taboo 80: hot water (110 ~ 150 ℃) heating pipe detachable parts use filament or live connector.
Consequences: pipeline damage or even burn people.
Measures: high temperature hot water (110 ~ 150 ℃) heating pipe detachable parts application flange connection, no filament and live connector.