【 Weak current College 】 HVAC equipment layout of basic requirements

1. equipment furnished by the essential requirements where device space, according to the type, size of buildings, equipment, machines and systems. Generally the most small and medium-sized building, located below the main device layer, the layer set auxiliary equipment rooms, and equipped with corresponding tube, pipe Groove. Master room by mechanical room, electric room, the central control room. The machine room is all equipment and the corresponding facilities in cities connected to supply energy, material and Exchange, distribution, handling, etc. So when designing a master room, it is necessary to process the device, run full of security. Process: the main equipment room is connected with external systems, such as cold, hot water, electrical, etc. of the introduction of lead, and distribution in the Interior of the terminal device is connected, so as much as possible to form a comprehensive economic flow line, so that both can save one investment, and recurrent costs. Such as: refrigeration room to room, pumping stations and substations. The boiler room to the supply of fuel is easy and may be near a chimney place, and you want to consider vehicle chujin route. Air conditioning room set up you will need to consider the air route is not long, cold and hot water pipe connection, easy, and there are outdoor air access. Exhaust air from the room it is necessary to pay attention to the wind direction and around the outdoor environment. Control room should be in place to maintain management easier, as far as possible housed in the equipment room of the Centre; near the stairs or direct access to the corridors and so easy to evacuate. To ensure that major equipment moved to move out of convenience, preferably directly to the road, the doors to open, and when transport should not prevent the live parts. The area should be considered necessary. In addition, the mechanical and electrical life shorter than the building itself, so set the room when device update problem, should be considered. Reserved to install holes with a guarantee that it will open. (1), boiler room, cooling machine room there is a risk of high pressure, combustible, must comply with the relevant norms of the State, to take reliable security measures. Combustion air to a large number of boiler room, motor to ventilation, and cited the wind, blower noise, will have to pay attention. Refrigeration room should be set in the General staff not to go to places such as basement. The engine should have adequate maintenance of the channel. In order to guarantee safety, operations staff, in principle, consider two doors. The noise from host room and vibration, the above should not be set more stringent voice calls. Outdoor cooling tower also should consider the effect of noise in the surrounding environment. (2) air conditioning room, piping, ducts and exhaust engine room, these rooms are usually configured in the core parts of the building. In graphic design, you must determine its location and size. From the overall economic point of view, air conditioning system should not be too big, and in order to partition with fire, smoke, an air conditioning system should be dedicated mainly to its service area should not be greater than 500m2. Layered set of air-conditioner room paying particular attention to the noise and vibration, but also external gas enters the channel. Air conditioning in room and other rooms of the partition to 240 brick wall. The engine room door separates the glottis should be used. The engine sound-absorbing materials should also be pasted. Standard layer is between devices within the equipment and pipeline centralized place, Central in building yishe, or dispersed in several places. These places are often the types "compete" sites, this problem is resolved, will bring to the entire project, congenital advantage if settlement is not good, not only fight against each other, the pipeline and will cause the system not reasonable layout, unnecessary consumption of energy, resulting in irreparable trouble, design time they should be careful, it is best preliminary design stage the types it reasonably divided space. Top equipment, General questions, fan room should be located above the tube, the new air inlet and exhaust functions. From an engineering practice, generally large and medium-sized civil architecture design of the room and cased-hole, with the building layout and air conditioning system in the engine room layout vary greatly. 2. engine (1) location of the location of the room in a large building is a very important issue. It is the number of investment decisions and influence the size of energy consumption. Layout is not good or mishandled its noise and vibration would seriously interfere with the surrounding environment and is not sent, exhaust effects. Generally speaking, the room location often at: refrigeration rooms (with water) or single building basement; air conditioning room (with water); air conditioning room in the basement or in the basement floors; exhaust room basement room or outdoor or roof; cooling tower roof top or dress top housing; boiler room single or half basement (a natural ventilation); heat basement or single building, located in Super high-rise is the top device; refrigerator and pump (frozen pumps, cooling pump), large capacity, vibration, noise, standing in the basement, only a few own cold source standing Cabinet unit can be set on the floor. Air conditioning machine volume, light weight, can be close to the air conditioning room settings, but it is necessary to pay attention to noise isolation. Also located in the roof unit on the roof. Select room location must be combined with the architectural design. From the professional point of view select room location should consider the following principles: 1) refrigeration rooms (including cooling water pump) ① in the past in addition to single-built buildings, many built in the basement of a building. Now in large and medium-sized residential buildings should make full use of the basement, but to handle sound vibration, in particular, the water pump and hangers of vibration problems. ② in the basement below the location of the refrigeration machine room, and low-voltage distribution nearby, but the best is near the elevator. ③ If you are a large high-rise building, a tower has a podium, where the tower to the cylinder or shear wall structure, cooling machine room best placed in the basement of the annex, but also in the top (first floor) of the room is on the noise isolation without strict requirements. ④ refrigeration room positions should be as close as possible to the load Center. 2) air-conditioner room ① Interior acoustics requires high buildings such as radio, television, Studio, etc., as well as a large space, unit air a lot of public buildings such as the Coliseum, the air conditioning room best located in the basement. General Office building, hotel public section (podium) air-conditioner room can be distributed in each floor, the room should not be close to the VIP room, meeting room, Conference Hall, indoor voice demanding room. ② air conditioning room partition should not cross. So large and medium-sized buildings should in each of the zones located air-conditioner room, preferably in the Centre of the fire district. ③ each layer of the air conditioning room preferably in the same location that is perpendicular to a bunch of layout, this will shorten the cold or hot water pipe lengthDegrees, reduction and other pipeline crossing, neither reduce investment and savings in energy consumption. ④ various layers of air conditioning room location should consider the role of wind tube radius not too large, typically 30 ~ 40m. Whereas a system of service area to 500m2 suitable. ⑤ air-conditioner room location should select the most close to the main duct, close to the tube so that the wind pipe as short as possible, reduces investment also can reduce the fan's power. 3) exhaust engine room exhaust room location General more located in the roof covering. Some may also be located in the basement, where the exhaust in underground garage, underground laundry, distribution, and so the exhaust. 4) heat station buildings of heat exchange station, there are two kinds, one kind is the supply of steam boiler house by-water heat exchange or heat from the urban water-supply of net water heat. A boiler house of the heat exchanger can be placed in a boiler room. But then the urban heating network, thermodynamic point for single building in General. In a number of large and medium-sized, modern building heat station lot located in the basement, as close as possible to the refrigeration machine room. (2) size and height 1) refrigeration rooms (including frozen water, cooling water pumps) area General cooling load per 1.163MW 100m2 estimate required. Of course it with total area of size, accounted for the total building area of 0.6% ~ 0.9%. Air conditioning room height, area: 3000m2 ", h = 4.0m; 3000 m2 construction area £ ¾, h = 4.5m. Total area exceeding 20000 m2, central air conditioning, large room high should be 6 ~ 7 m and hierarchical unit is available for standard layer height, i.e. 2.7 ~ 3.0m. 2) boiler room: according to statistics, construction area in 10000 m2 to 50000 m2, boiler room area with a total construction area of 1% ~ 3%. (2t/h× approximately 150 m2, 2, 4t/h× 2 units of about 200 m2, 6t/h× 2 sets of about 250 m2) and less than 1000 m2 of buildings, the boiler room of about 4%. Boiler room height varies according to the boiler model: cast iron boiler boiler room height 4.0 ~ 4.5m; steel boiler and boiler room height 4.5 ~ 5.0m; water tube boiler boiler room height 6.5 ~ 7.5m. 3) conditioning room: air conditioning and refrigeration room area is approximately equivalent to the total area of 3% to 7%. According to the construction of large scale and systematic way. The information listed below for your reference, tables 1.4.2-project example table 1 as; tables 1.4.2-2 for building air conditioning room area table (the foreign information). Office air conditioning room area (foreign) tables 1.4.2-2 building area (m2) air-conditioner room area (m2) hierarchical unit fresh air layering + blower fan coil pipe layer high (m) 100070 (7.0) 75 (7.5) 4.03000200 (6.6) 190 (6.3) 120 (4.0) 4.55000290 (5.8) 310 (6.2) 200 (4.0) 4.510000450 (4.5) 550 (5.5) 350 (3.5) 5.015000600 (4.0) 750 (5.0) 550 (3.7) 5.520000770 (3.8) 960 (4.8) 730 (3.7) 6.025000920 (3.7) 1200 (4.8) 850 (3.4) 6.0300001090 (3.6) 1400 (4.7) 1000 (3.0) 6.5400001280 (3.2) (4.2) (2.8) 6.5500001500 (3.0) (4.0) (2.5) 6.5 well within the pipeline in each layer are withdrawing, especially wind pipes need wall opening is large, this must be coordinated with the structure, you will be well placed in the wall openings do not undermine the structural rigidity. In particular, more attention should be paid to the earthquake zone, it is well located in the heart of the structure. Another way to not consider maintenance, there is a hollow brick masonry or steel wire for the lath, experience overhaul the demolition of the wall. 2) wind pipe dimensions from the wall: the wind tube side or on both sides of the wall gap narrowing the concrete wall, small duct (≤ 300mm×300mm) as the wind tube 150mm (＞ 300mm×300mm) should stay 300mm. 3) from the fire safety tube should be every 3 layer of concrete at death. (4) pipe layer problems 2.2m storey pipe layer originally only available for laying pipes (wind pipes, heating pipes, cooling pipes, water pipes, drainage pipes, hot water pipes, etc.), but now in order to save space, there are many devices are placed in the pipeline dissection, AHU, have rushed, exhaust fan, water tanks, pumps, etc., to operation and maintenance has caused great difficulties. Because of its high level, high beam 2.2m under column layout, and general civil construction to 8m or 7.5m column-more, the beam height is 80 ~ 100cm, beam height only 1.2 ~ 1.4m, plus various pipelines pass through, such as placing a device at run time, it is difficult to manage. So as a last resort, in the pipe layer 2.2m not recommended layout any moving parts of equipment. In addition, such as hotels, restaurants, and other pipe layer on top, and bottom are rooms, fan of vibration, noise once treatment is not good, affect the use of effects. (5) air-conditioning equipment weight this is calculated for the structure. General in programme design, construction drawing before you begin to talk to a professional structure. When the air conditioning equipment located in floor or roof, this weight is very important. Experienced structural engineer may not ask you for this data, but experience less or to accurately calculate the time he would have asked you for air conditioning room, cooling towers, etc. This can have two ways to extract: 1) estimation: as a general common system, the air conditioning room load of about 500 ~ 600kg/m2, while the roof unit of charge attached importance to the size of the unit. 2) according to the weight and dimensions of detailed reference: based on when it is important to note that the weight of the equipment should include sufficient water weight or weight of the refrigerant and insulation full weight of the weight, you cannot reference an empty weight of the device. 3) cooling tower: horizontal cooling tower 1t/m2; vertical Tower 2 ~ 3t/m2. 4) refrigeration equipment room: ground load of 4 ~ 6t/m2 and has a vibration. (1) equipment set for large entrancePreparation (refrigeration, air conditioning, box, etc.) to move in, when you design a room should be left to install holes. And will be able to open the replacement unit. And this hole and channel cannot be wind pipes or other equipment, pipe blocked. 3. the air carrier system for wind pipes 1) estimation of wind pipe cross-section dimensions duct size on the architectural design of a large, public buildings, building storey often press the duct size. But wind pipes specific dimensions needed to be cooling load calculation, press the system partition of size and selected air ventilation and air conditioning equipment before they can be worked out. In order to address various types of cross-cutting jobs, generally designed to start soon, building that hope to know the main air duct of the section size, to determine the ceiling space and layers high. To do this, you can use to estimate the amount of wind, wind speed rough calculation approach, you can also use duct cross-section and air-conditioning building area ratio to calculate the percentage method, such as tables 1.4.3-1. Duct basal area and the ratio of building air-conditioning area tables 1.4.3-1 air conditioning room location main duct (%) branch duct (%) of all air tube office buildings 0.05 ~ 0.07 top two exterior side wall 0.110.20 0.0850.17 middle tier two exterior side wall 0.0430.09 0.0610.12 Hall 0.07 ~ 0.1 cinema 1.0 ~ 1.5m2/1000-back wind pipes by air tube 70% take fresh air tube press air tube 30% take note: the above figures in brackets denote the percentage for the outline. 4) cooling tower: cooling tower General placed on the roof, apart from the mounting area, consideration should be given to the add-in pipeline and maintenance walkways. Cooling of area for a total construction area of 0.5% ~ 1.0%. A case study in Beijing International Hotel, room area-specific allocation for: big air conditioning room 1000m2, hot swap between 400 m2, freezing room 810 m2, air conditioning in room 220 m2, West air conditioning room 500 m2, South air-conditioner room 660 m2, swimming pool and air conditioning room 130m2. Note: ventilation in room included air conditioning room. Standard floor air-conditioning duct in occupies the approximate index space plane to layer construction area of 1.6% ~ 2.5%; cold and hot water pipes 0.4% ~ 1.0%; total of about 2% ~ 3.5%. (3) the location and the tube well 1): can be set up within the tube well wind pipe, plumbing and other utilities used by the pipe line. Well advised in buildings in the district Center, and near the engine room. Tube well from bottom to top, halfway to should not be turning. Especially for tube structure high-rise buildings, its inner cylinder core areas can often as well. Tube well divided into two kinds, one kind for maintenance space, maintenance space there should be minimum 50 ~ 60cm for staff of space, access should set aside on the manhole, manhole generally 1.2m×0.6m. This type of tube size should be not less than the wind pipe-section-2 times.　　But pay attention to the pipe Note: 1. This table from Japan architecture series 23, equipment plan method P.81.　　2. the table column data refers to reinforced concrete buildings, not full of glass.　　3. the ceiling height: office buildings, Business Hall 7.2m 3.6m. 4. main duct, branch duct of the wind speed respectively 10m/s, 5m/s, supply air temperature differential 12.7 ℃. 2) wind tube configuration methods commonly used configuration in two ways: ① air handling unit centrally located in the basement, often as a direct charge, then on the floor at each floor level assigned by the ceiling level wind pipes required space in height (i.e., end-to-ceiling joist beams top surface) to H + 100, h is the height of the wind pipe, usually 60 ~ 70cm high; ② another air-conditioned room located in the same room with air conditioning, on a layer of duct level directly from the room, dry in a outlet pipe may be walking in the hallway ceiling. 3) wind tube material air duct to galvanized steel rectangular duct, sometimes to do a bit of concrete duct. According to engineering practice lessons, civil do sent, exhaust duct leakage, generally do not have to be a good