【 Weak current College 】 intelligent building management systems, basic concepts and trends

I. preface
Building intelligent control system (or building management system BA system) is the central management station, various DDC controller and various types of sensors, actuators, to accomplish a variety of control and management of network systems. It is with the computer in the environmental control and developed an intelligent control networks.　　At present, the various components in the system has been removed from the past non-standardised design into production, the standardization, specialized product, making the system more convenient to install and expanded, flexible, more reliable system operation and investment significantly reduced.　　Second, the building management system structure introduction 1. Why is advanced, comprehensive building, shopping malls, hotels, or manufacturer, must have a perfect central management and control system (1) provide central overall monitoring, can make the electrical equipment fault detection and analysis, and instantly reduce small failure caused by other problems while saving time and money.　　(2) complex automatic system of energy-saving program operations, reduce unnecessary waste of energy, can achieve an average savings of 5% to 15 level.　　(3) the provision of preventive maintenance, equipment problems that may occur to make prior maintenance.　　(4) improve the efficiency of the overall management of buildings, saving manpower and time.　　(5) can be layered network monitoring system to fully control the regional building and plant, achieve intelligent decentralized management effectiveness, improving energy distribution and maintenance capacity and reduce staff and equipment maintenance costs.　　(6) in contrast, the central management system investment can be recovered in a short period of time.　　2. centralized and decentralized system of benefits (1) distributed intelligent network, advanced design, reduced failure, thereby improving the reliability.　　(2) open systems design, with different system software compatibility:-central cooling capacity and battery charging system-a software compatibility and transformation system monitoring instrument-electromechanical equipment situation display (3) the main smart controller can completely separate actions, to reduce the impact due to network failures.　　(4) provide different types of controllers, combined with a variety of electromechanical equipment used, the ideal is 12 points to 296 points.　　(5) improved the manual/automatic switch control, including the required controller and valve, thereby reducing the system failure caused inconvenience to the users, and provides debugging and maintenance.　　(6) provides oversized will not go away the memory capacity, programs can use a single type of data processing, reducing the chance of error and run simple.　　(7) can be connected to a high-speed Ethernet network or remote communication, expanding the scope of network monitoring.　　(8) to ensure the new system version of the old design to ensure that users are not compatible with the need for technical updates and considerable costs and guarantees that in 15 years ago by the system and the latest system in the same root distribution line.　　(9) can provide the perfect after-sale service.　　3.BA system mainly monitoring equipment (1) central air-chilled fresh air and room control-air conditioner-major air supply and exhaust blower-air-conditioning system partition on/off monitoring-central air conditioning system (2) water supply/drainage equipment (3) the public lighting system partition \ layered on/off control (4) transmission system monitoring-monitoring of high voltage and power distribution-by electricity transmitter on the entire premises power supply for analog monitoring (5) the escalator and lift control (6) fire-fighting system alarm monitoring (7), boiler room and hot water supply monitoring system (8) the anti-theft system 4.BA system network combination ideal is the use of multi-layer network of advanced technology, which greatly improves system reliability and technical level.　　(1) the high-level network: including a central graphics and management computer workstations, you can enter Ethernet networks for large scale data management, workstation with Langille management software. (2)-media network: workstation shared through the same type of bus and master-slave network with no independent modular field controller communication control.　　Each must be independent of communication and its own operations.　　(3) local area network (LAN): independent modular controller can provide local area network and smaller free-standing industrial application controller to communicate, meet the decentralized intelligent monitoring results. (4) sensors, transmitters and drive through the input and output signal to monitor and control.