【 Weak current College 】 civil and hydropower full calculation rules (3)

32, reinforced concrete slab of engineering calculation
1. General method of calculation of cast: cast concrete slab by design diagram size for volume calculations. Without deduction of widget embedded in steel, iron and a single area within the cavity 0.3m2 share volume. Calculation formula: V = plate length × width × thickness
2, plate refers to the main beam (beams) and cast-in-Board. Their resilience by beam size and calculate a girder (including the main and secondary beams and slabs) according to volume of beams, slabs and calculations,
3, flat-slab means without beam directly with pillar CAP support plate. The volume of press plate and the calculation of volume and pillar Cap
4, column, beam flat plate means and supported directly by the wall plate. The quantities calculated according to the Board it.
33, cast concrete wall of engineering calculation rules and formulas
1, cast frame with shear wall calculation methods: by diagram size calculation in m3. Should be deducted from the door and window openings and holes in occupies 0.3m2 outside volume. Calculation formula: V = wall length × high × wall and thick wall-outside the door and window openings 0.3m2 area × wall thickness
Type: wall length — external press L, interior wall press L (a column for each count and column side); wall high — since the base surface is to the wall jack. Wall thickness – according to the drawing.
34, metal structure engineering calculation rules and formulas
1. manufacture and installation of metal structures are illustrations to tons of rolled steel size, without deduction of holes, cutting limbs, trimming, cutting, welding rods of weight without increasing weight, irregular or polygon plate to its external rectangle area multiplied by the thickness of the theoretical weight by multiplying unit.
2 .. brake trusses, brake plate weight consolidation, apply brake beam scale. Wall shelf column, wall girder and column Rod weight consolidation, form wall bracket fixed. Dependent on the steel columns on the Corbels and cantilever consolidation, to quote a fixed steel columns.
3. the steel platform, aisle should include stairs, platforms, railings, consolidation, steel ladder should include steps, railing consolidation.
35, Widget, transport and installation engineering engineering calculation rules and formulas
1. prefabricated concrete elements, transport and installation are widget icon dimensions to calculate the actual volume; metal widget Widget Press widget icon size to tons of wood Windows and doors, door and window openings of transport press area calculation.
2. aerated concrete plates (blocking), silicate block transport per cubic metre equivalent to reinforced concrete Member volume 0.4M3 press class ⅱ calculation component transport.
3. installation of prefabricated concrete elements:
(1) the formation of welding precast reinforced concrete frame structure, its column installation press the frame column, beam installation press frame beam calculation; prefabricated columns and beam-forming a production of frameworks are jointed framework calculation of beams and columns.
(2) of the precast reinforced concrete column, rectangle h column, fasting, double column, hollow column, pipeline trestle and installation, the installation by column.
(3) combined roof installation, to calculate the volume of concrete part of entities, not the other parts of the steel bars.
(4) of the precast reinforced concrete multi-story column installation, first install the pillared by column, the second floor and second floor above the column by column basis.
36, wood frame construction engineering calculation rules and formulas
1. various types of doors and Windows manufacturing, installation engineering have door and window openings area calculation.
2. wood truss fabrication and installation are completed according to the design section to cubic meters of wood, its length and the preparation of loss reserves are also calculated. Connection with the roof cornice wood, support, and so on, their quantities into the appropriate roof timber volume calculation is completed. Roof truss of the cauda equina, angular and orthogonal parts of half-rack, should be incorporated into the volume that can be connected to the roof.
3. completion of timber Purlin wood according to cubic meters. Simple beam Purlin length as shown in the margin or gable roof frame increases 200MM calculations, such as the mountain sides, the length calculation to abundance purline wind plate; the length of a continuous Purlin according to design its connector length calculation, length according to all continuous Purlin wood 5 per cent of the total volume. Purlins, wood has been included in the corresponding Purlin wood production installation project, not the other.
4. wooden staircases by horizontal projection area calculation, stairwell width more than should be deducted when 200MM, fixed already includes the treads, skirting, rest platform and extends into the inner part of the quantity, but not including the staircase and the underside of the nail marquee platform. Its ceiling quantities can be projected area multiplied by the coefficient of the staircase 1.1, calculated according to the corresponding ceiling surface.
37, roofing and waterproofing-engineering calculation rules (to be continued)
1, tile roof engineering calculation formula is: diagram size horizontal projection coefficient for roof slope area × C, without deduction of House chimney, vertical duct, the wind cap base, roof small transom and inclined trench, occupies a small area, roof eaves of the transom section have not increased.
Tile roof of roof and four sloping roof of oblique Ridge length as shown in Figure 1, examples of extended coefficient calculation S×D.
Example: according to figure 2 size calculation of four slope water roof project volume: S = horizontal area × slope coefficient C = 8.0 × 24.0 × 1.118 = 214.66 m2
Example: according to figure 2 size calculation of length of oblique Ridge: oblique Ridge long = span × 0.5 × D corner extension coefficient × 4 = 8.0 × 0.5 × 1.5 × 4 = 24.0M
Example: according to figure 3 size calculation of six slope water roof project volume: S = horizontal area × slope coefficient C = 0.5 × 2 × 2 × 0.866 × 6 × 1.1547 = 11.99 m2.
Figure 1-slope coefficient of the schematic diagram of Figure 2 letters meaning four slope water roof schematic Figure 3 diagram of six water roof slope
38, roofing and waterproofing of engineering calculation rules (continued)
2, roof, roof coating volume calculation rules and formulas:
Calculation rules and formulas: roof construction amount = press the icon size horizontal projection area × roof slope coefficient.
Without deduction: House chimney, wind cap base, duct area of
The roof should be incorporated into: expansion joints and parapet, skylights, etc. of the bending section, press the icon size is integrated into the roofing project calculation. Such as drawings no provision, expansion joints, play a part of the parapet of the bend can be calculated by 250mm, skylight bending part 500mm calculation
Not another calculation: roof of additional layer, seams, head, Trowelling caulking, cold base oil, base additives have been accounted for in the fixed, no additional calculations.
3, waterproof engineering project amount calculated as follows:
Building ground, basement waterproofing layer calculation rules — the main wall clearance area; deductions: convex surface structures, equipment, infrastructure, the area occupied by; without deduction: column | crib | rooms | wall wall chimneys and accounted for holes within 0.3m2; Note: the wall connection vertical height in 500mm within drivers expand space, into the plane in quantity; more than 500mm, facade waterproof layer calculation.
Structure shop by real waterproof, area calculation, without deduction within the cavity 0.30m2.
Facade waterproof wall coverings by real space, without deduction within the cavity 0.30m2.
39, insulation works engineering calculation rules and formulas
1, roof insulation should distinguish between different insulation, according to the real shop volume × thickness of insulation materials to calculate net m3, General gives the roof slope and insulation thickness of the thinnest, at which point it should be noted that the calculation of the average thickness of insulation layer. As Figure 1, the calculation formula is:
H + h flat = a% * A/2V = L×2A×h flat
2, surface insulation according to enclosure wall between net area multiplied by design thickness calculation, without deduction of M3 0.30m2 within the area of the hole.
3, wall insulation, insulation of exterior wall press center line, Interior Minister by insulation layer NET multiplied by the dimensions of height thickness diagrams to cubic meters. Should be deducted from cold-stored door openings and pipeline through walls and the entrance to the volume. If the height is not annotated drawings, the lower part consists of floor insulation starting with attic at the mezzanine Board top only, no attic is counted to eaves.
4-Pack insulation, according to the diagram column of insulation centerline developed length multiplied by the height of the graphic size and thickness to cubic meters.
5, pools, Groove insulation according to illustration, Groove insulation layer of length, width and thickness cubic meters. Calculation according to which the pool wall, the bottom of the wall by ground calculation
6, the portal side walls surrounding insulation, insulation layer dimensions according to drawing to cubic meters, into the wall or floor for thermal insulation in quantity.
40, plant area of roads and drainage engineering calculation rules and formulas
General industrial and civil buildings (structures) is located in the factory or residential roads, squares and drainage by municipal engineering standard design, the implementation of municipal fixed, such as drawings did not specify when building scale implementation.
1. organize road bed, shoulder and road cushion, surface are design requirements in m2, road teeth (along) to extend m.
2. reinforced concrete wells (pool) floor, wall, roof and brick shaft (pool) wall thickness to it, regardless of volume calculation.
3, concrete and PVC pipes of different diameter respectively according to the length of the extension of the m, according to two net length calculation between wells.
4, pavement joints, sealing are calculated according to the extension of the m.
Figure 1
41, floor ground engineering engineering calculation rules and formulas
(A), floor cushion
Calculation rules: by indoor clearance area between the wall by design thickness calculation in m3. Deductible: the structure of the projection surface, equipment base, indoor track, the volume of the trench, etc. Without deduction: column, stack, operable wall, with wall chimney and area in occupies within the hole 0.3m2 area. But a door, empty circle, niche opening section would not increase. Main wall means wall thickness ≥ 120 mm wall.
(2), monolithic, screed
Calculation rules: the main wall clearance area in m2. Deductible: convex surface structures, equipment, indoor plumbing, electric, etc within these areas. Without deduction: column, stack, operable wall, with wall chimney and area within the 0.3m2 occupies an area of the hole, but a door, empty circle, heating bag slot, niche opening section would not increase.
(3), the block layer
Calculation rules: according to diagram size real shop area in m2, should not be deducted from the outstanding ground surface, a door, empty circle, heating package Groove and niche opening part of the project amount into the appropriate layer in the calculation.
(4), stair coverings
Calculation rules: stairs monolithic (including steps, rest platforms, as well as less than 200mm wide stairwell) horizontal projection area calculation. Stairs and corridors connecting to the stairs along the outer edge of beams, line for line, area, the staircase to the corridor area. Staircase blocks material surface according to expand real shop area calculation.
(5), bench
Calculation rules: bench monolithic (including steps and most top level steps along 300mm) according to the level of the projected area, calculated according to expand the block layer (including both) real shop area calculation.
(6), skirting
Calculation rules: cement mortar, terrazzo skirting the calculation according to the extension of the m, the length of the cave, an empty circle is not deductible, the entrance, an empty circle, crib, with wall chimney, wall length will not increase; block layer tijuexian press photo shows dimensions to calculate the real sticking lengthens the rice, increased lateral door deduction.
(VII) bulk water, non-slip ramp
Calculation rules: the photo shows the size in m2. Formula: S = (L, + 4 * apron width-height, flower beds, and so the station apron length) * width of bulk water.
(8), railings, handrails
Calculation rules: railings, handrails including elbow length calculation by extended m. The calculation formula is L = (stair treads horizontal projection length * 1.18 + 0.15 * 2 * 1.18 + stair wells width) * 2 * stairs of layers + top width of one tread
42, wall cylinder engineering project calculation rules and formulas
(A), inner wall plastering
Calculation rules: press area calculation, in the wall should be deducted: doors and Windows of the cave and empty circle the area without deduction: plinth, hanging mirror line, within the hole, 0.3m2 wall junction with widget; not to increase the area of: entrance side walls and the roof surface plastering area should not increase;Merge: wall wall chimney stack and a report area shall be included in the Interior side wall plastering work.
Interior plaster size calculate: internal length of plastering to main wall (wall thickness ≥ 120 mm) between a net long size calculation shown, without deduction of the wall between. Its height method as follows to indoor floor (floor) to the floor or ceiling where the distance between the bottom surface.
(2), outside the walls plastering
Calculation rules: press the vertical projection of the outside wall surface area in m2. Deductible: door and window openings, vinyl, and greater 0.3m2 holes within these areas. Shall be included in the entrance, the side walls and doors: with wall chock, beams and columns side by plastering area expand area into the outer structure of the plastering work volume.
Vikare guard rail, rail, window sills, door and window set, handrails, capping, cornice, sun visors, another calculation by the corresponding calculation rules, structure dimensions expand area calculation, window sill and waist line connection into the waist line. Terrace, awning, plastering by horizontal projection area, fixed already includes top, side and Corbels of all plastering area.
(3), wall jointing
Calculation rules: by vertical projection area calculation. Deductible: vinyl and waist line and pick the area along the plastering. Without deduction: door and window openings, window and door cover sporadic plastering of the area. Do not increase the walls and doors and Windows: a report of the entrance to the side of the filler area.
43, wall cylinder projects calculation rules and formulas
(4), glued on the block layer and granite (marble) Board posted
1. inner and outer walls, column-beam surface, ad-hoc project laying block layer are block pavement construction dimensions (the block layer + paste mortar thickness = 25mm) area. Window and door entrance area, the side walls, deduction subsidiary crib veneer construction amount should be incorporated into the wall. As in Figure 1.
Figure 1 window and door openings on the side walls and plastering schematic figure 2 cylinder diagram linked to granite plates
2, granite, marble plate mortar paste, posted by surface of building size (including hanging space, mortar, plate thickness) expand area calculation, as in Figure 2.
3, window sill, waist line, doors and Windows, gutter, cornice, lavatory and pool feet etc. block pavement tile installation, building size expansion area (including the mortar and block the material layer thickness) by ad-hoc project calculations.
(5) walls, column-beam surface wood decoration project
Wooden decoration keel, liner, layer and paste slice plate on a net area of computing, and the deduction of window and door openings and 0.3 square meters are above the hole, the side walls of the area, by stacking veneer shall be included in the calculation of the quantities in the wall.
(6) calculation rules of glass curtain wall
Glass curtain wall to box the perimeter area, curtain walls and buildings on both sides of edge at the top, press the picture shows the size in m2. The natural layer level isolation and buildings connected by extended m computing (connection layer including the upper, down volumn) (galvanized).
44, ceiling engineering calculation rules and formulas
(A) ceiling plastering work. The main wall of the ceiling of space, without deduction, crib between wall walls, columns, with wall chimney, checkpoints and the area occupied by pipeline; ribbed beam, girder, beam ceiling, floor, on both sides of the beam into the ceiling plaster plastering in the calculation of quantities, inclined ceiling plastering by oblique area calculation.
Ceiling plaster as wiping small fillet, artificial is already included in the fixed, materials, machinery increased by fixed note content; as with decorative line, three lines or less or five line within the calculation according to extend m (line of road to one prominent corners as a line). As shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3 ceiling decoration line
Stair bottom, the bottom horizontal sun visor and eaves ceiling plastering, into the corresponding ceiling plastering engineering calculation. Ceiling lamp in polyline, circular-arc Groove cable, wire, arched lines, and other art forms of plastering area calculation according to expand.
(2), ceiling decoration works. All kinds of ceiling-mounted ceiling joist on the main wall of the horizontal projection area calculation, without deduction room wall walls, inspection holes, with wall chimney, column, stack and occupies an area of the pipeline.
Ceiling coverings and finishes, press the main wall between net area calculation, without deduction of operable wall, check the mouth, with wall chimney, stack and pipeline within these areas, but should be deducted over the hole, 0.3m2 independent column, light tank and ceiling connected curtain boxes of the area.
45, door and window project main calculation rules and formulas
1, aluminum doors and Windows, color Board corner Windows and doors, plastic doors and Windows installation are the entrance area in m2. Purchased finished wooden door installation, by purchasing a net area of the door leaf.
2, various types of wooden window and door production installation engineering are doors and entrance area in m2.
3, even the doors and Windows of quantities should be calculated, as the doors, Windows, fixed, width of the window to the outside door frame count.
4. no box press the fan of peripheral area.
5. volume gate installation at their entrance height plus 600MM multiplied by the actual width of the door in m2. Electronic device setup to set calculation, shutter doors installed on small to fans, the small door area should be deducted.
Fan Pack 6, Windows and doors, galvanized by the door and window openings area in m2; Windows and doors box package galvanized, nail rubberband, nails felt by the diagram window and door openings to extend m.
7, window and door frame Kit stainless steel plate by stainless steel plate of expanded area in m2,. Wooden doors fans Pack metal surface or soft pack sides in the net area of the door leaf.
8, ordinary doors and Windows have semicircular window in the upper part, project quantity should be according to the ordinary form and form a semicircle, up to a normal form and round window above the horizontal box between the bounded. As shown in Figure 1.
9, frameless glass doors by its entrance area, part of which is fixed for the opening of the door leaf, part edge, quantities should be calculated separately.
46, paints, coatings, paperhanging works mainly engineering calculation rules and formulas
1, ceiling, walls, columns, beam surface spraying (painter) coatings, plastering latex paint and paperhanging project of quantities are real spray (brush), area calculation, but without deduction within the cavity 0.3 m2 area.
2, various kinds of wood surface paint quantity press widget project amount multiplied by the appropriate DepartmentNumber calculation.
Figure 1 schematic with semicircular form 3, metal component paint quantity press widget weight
4. fixed in curtain walls, wall, pillar, ceiling joists and wood flooring in wood joist floor with hair, brush fire protection paint engineering calculation rules are as follows:
1) curtain walls, wall wood joist by its surface facade projection area calculation.
2) column-wood joist according to their surface perimeter area calculation.
3). the ceiling joists as its horizontal projection area calculation.
4) wood floors and wood joist in wood joist floor with gross floor area calculated by.
5), curtain walls, wall, pillar, ceiling and wooden floor surface paint brush fire, perform other wood face brush fire protection paint the corresponding item.
5, plastering surface paint, paint, brush mortar plastering quantity = quantity
47, ad-hoc project main calculation rules and formulas
1, graphic signs base by facade area calculation, the expansion of the surface of the lamp-area in m2.
2, canopy, eaves or balcony towards vertical signboards at the grassroots level, press plane signs of complex implementation should be expanded area calculation.
3, box-type steel signs of primary, according to the calculation of the external volume. Highlight boxes outside lighting, store logo and other artistic decorations, etc. are calculated separately.
4, Billboard steel skeleton by design usage to tons.
48, building high volume increase fee engineering calculation rules and formulas
1, buildings with over super-high Ho fee 20m part of gutter high construction area in m2. The floor is a height exceeding 20m construction area of computational floors according to increase fees. superelevation
2. building eave high over 20m, but the highest level or one floor of not more than the floor 20m at 20 meters above the section can only be calculated per meter high increase of layer.
3, building storey 3.6 m, increase of 1 m each (insufficient 0.1 m 0.1 m) by the corresponding child ends 20%, and with height changes proportionally incremented.
4, the same building there are two or more different eaves height, respectively different height vertical slices of building area form fixed.
5. separate decoration project of ultra-high efficiency of artificial lowering part to more than 20 m part of artificial fee calculated
49, installation engineering valuation table main calculation formula
1, transformer oil filter regardless of how many times, until the filter qualified, "t" as the unit of measure, its calculation formula: oil filter quantity (t) = appliance oil weight (t) x (1 + rate
2. strip bus calculation formula: L = σ (calculated according to design drawings of individual extension of the m + bus reservation length)
3, basic channel steel angle of installation length calculation according to design drawings, no provisions anxiashijisuan: ① individual cabinet up: L = 2 (A + B) ② more of the same specification of the Cabinet, disk connected: L = n2A + 2B type: length L: ask A: Cabinet or screen width B: Cabinet or screen thickness n: number of lockers or screen.
4, enclosure wiring length calculation formula: L = enclosure plate surface half perimeter × wiring circuit number.
5, cable installation engineering calculation formula: L = σ (horizontal length + vertical length + various reserved length) * (1 + 2.5% cable winding bend over coefficient).
6, cable protection pipes calculation formula: cross the Highway: L = embankment width + 4 m; through the drainage ditches: L = Groove wall outer edge + 1 m; vertical laying: spout from ground level + 2 m; pass through walls, beyond the outer edge of the base + 1 m.
7, the number of intermediate head of power cables to determine reference formula: n = L/l-1n: Middle head number L: cable design length l: average length of each segment of the cable.
8, ground straps, lightning conductor laying rate formula: L = σ (construction drawing design horizontal length + vertical length) * (1 + 3.9% additional length).
9, electrical distribution tubes ¡¤conducting engineering calculation formula: L = (piping length + traverse reservation length) × number with section wire.
10, 10KV aerial lines erection engineering calculation formula: L = (line total length + all reserved length) × conductor elements.
11, fabrication and installation of air duct to construction diagrams of different specifications according to expand the area calculation, without deduction of inspection hole, determination of holes, áir, suction air inlet, within these areas. Tube F = π × D×L-F-round duct expansion area (in m2); D-circular duct diameter; L – piping centre line length. Rectangular duct by diagram perimeter multiplied by pipe centerlines length calculation
12, derusting, brush oil project. (1) the device shell, pipe surface area calculation formula: S = π × D×L-π-PI; D-equipment or pipeline diameter; L – equipment barrel high or pipeline extension m.
(2) valve surface area calculation formula S = π × D×2.5D×K×N-D-diameter; K-1.05; count N — — valve.
(3) of the elbow-S = surface area calculation of π × D × D × 1.5 K × 2 π × N/B-D-diameter; K-1.05; N — the number of the elbow; B value determination for: 90 ° elbow B = 4; 45 ° elbow B = 8.
(4) flange surface area calculation type: S = π × D×1.5D×K×N-D-diameter; K-1.05; count N-flange.
(5) equipment and piping flanges up border corrosion engineering calculation type: S = π × (D + A) * A-D-diameter; A-flange flange width.
(6) with head device corrosion (or brush oil) engineering calculation type: S = L × π × D + (D [] 22) × π × 1.5 × N-N-the number of heads; 1.5 — coefficient values.
Volume 13, insulation works. (1) the device shell or piping heat insulation, moisture and protection layer calculation formula: V = π × (D + 1.033 δ) × 1.033 δ
S = π × (D + 2.1 δ + 0.0082) × L-D-diameter1.033, 2.1 — adjustment coefficient; δ — — insulation thickness; L-device shell or tube length; 0.0082 — binding thread diameter or thickness of the steel strip.
(2) heating pipe insulation engineering calculation type: ① single-pipe heating or double-pipe heat tracing (same diameter, angle is less than 90 °). D ' = D1 + D2 + (10 ~ 20mm)-D '-heating pipes integrated value; D1-main line diameter; D2-heating pipe diameter; (10 ~ 20mm) — in charge of road and associated with the gaps between the heat pipe. ② two-pipe heating (same diameter, angle greater than 90 °). D ' = D1 + 1.5D2 + (10 ~ 20mm) ③ two-pipe heating (diameter, angle is less than 90 °). D ' = D1 + D with big + (10 ~ 20mm)-D '-heating pipes integrated value; D1-main line diameter. The D ' calculations are substituted into the appropriate formula to calculate the heating pipe insulation, moisture-proof layer and the protective layer of quantities.
(3) the device head heat insulation, moisture and protection engineering calculation type. V = [(D + 1.033 δ)/2] 2 π × 1.033 δ × 1.5 × NS = [(D + 2.1 δ)/2] 2 × π × 1.5 × N (4) valves insulation, moisture and protection layer calculation formula. V＝π(D＋1.033δ)×2.5D×1.033δ×1.05×NS＝π(D＋2.1δ)×2.5D×1.05×N
(5) flange insulation, moisture and protection layer calculation formula. V＝π(D＋1.033δ)×1.5D×1.033δ×1.05×NS＝π×(D＋2.1δ)×1.5D×1.05×N