【 Weak current college 】 building basics

1. What is the volume rate? a: volume rate is the total area and total land area ratio. General use decimal representation. 2. What is the building density? a: building density is project total base area and the area ratio. Usually expressed as a percentage. 3. What is a green area ratio (greening rate)? a: green rate is project green area and area ratio. Usually expressed as a percentage. 4. What is sunlight? a: sunlight, is between the two buildings, under sunshine time requirements identified in the distance. Sunlight of calculation, at the winter solstice on that day noon Jupiter housing windowsill over walls, can be the height of the sun shone through. 5, buildings and structures are the differences? a: where for people living in one of production, or other activities of the housing or places are called buildings such as apartment, plants, schools, etc; but it is not in production or life of the building, called structures, such as chimneys, cooling towers, bridges, etc. 6. What is building three wood ","? "to" largest timber construction refers to steel, cement, timber. 7. construction and installation engineering fees which consists of three parts? a: construction and installation engineering fees by artificial fee, material fee, machinery costs made up of three parts. 8. What is the unified modular system? what is the Basic module, extension module, module? answer: (1), the so-called unified modular system, in order to realize the design of standardized by a set of basic rules that allow different buildings and divisions between the size of unified coordination that has the versatility and interchangeability, to speed up the design speed, improving efficiency, reduce cost. (2), the Basic module is selected in the modular coordination of basic size unit, M represents, 1M = 100mm. (3), the expansion module is an export module, its value as a multiple of the Basic module. Expansion module for a total of six, respectively are 3 m (300mm), 6M (600mm), 12M (1200mm), 15M (1500mm), 30M (3000mm), 60M (6000mm). Building a larger size, such as a span, depth, span, column spacing, and so on, should be a multiple of the expansion module. (4), the separation module is the export module of another type, its number is a multiple of the Basic module. Sub total of three modules, namely 1/10M (10mm), 1/5M (20mm), 1/2M (50mm). Building a smaller size, such as gap, wall thickness, constructed node, etc., should be a multiple of a module. 9. What is a logo size, constructed of dimensions, the actual dimensions? a: (1), logo size is used to mark the building location axes (span, depth) of spacing, as well as construction products, building components, the relevant device location boundaries between dimensions. Flag size should be consistent with the provisions of the modular system. (2), the structure size is building products, building design dimensions of the parts. Construct size is less than or greater-than symbol size. In General, the structure size plus reserved slot size or less necessary strut size equal to the label dimensions. (3), the actual size is building products and construction parts of actual size. Actual size and structure, the dimensions of difference should be to allow building tolerance values. 10. What is positioning axes? a: positioning axis is used to determine the main structure of buildings or structures for locations and mark the line size. 11. What is horizontal, vertical and the horizontal axis and vertical axis? answer: (1), lateral, refers to the width of the building. (2), portrait, refers to the length of the building. (3), the direction along the building width settings of the transverse axis axis called. The numbering method uses Arabic numbers left to write an axis in a circle. (4), along the length of the set of buildings axis called longitudinal axis. The numbering method using capital letters written from top to bottom in the axis circle (where the letters I, O and Z). 12. What is the housing depth of the Bay,? a: span refers to a House of wide, and two lateral distance between the axes; depth refers to the depth of a House, and two vertical distance between the axes. 13. What is storey? what is a navigation? a: storey means building height, between tiers and the floor or ground comes first a floor or ground surface height; clear height means the room of headroom, and floor to ceiling height of 14 under the skin, what is the total height of the buildings? a: building total height means outdoor floor to the top of the total height of the eaves. 15. What is the elevation? what is absolute elevation, relative elevation? answer: (1), the building of a site and determine the water datum point height difference, known as the site of the elevation. (2), absolute elevation, also known as altitude, near the Qingdao in China's Yellow Sea as absolute mean sea level elevation of zero, all over the country are used as a base elevation. (3), the relative level of a building to the main room first floor room on the ground zero (+ 0.00), representing a margin for the first layer of the ground level. 16. What is the construction area, use the size, usage? what is a traffic area, structural area? answer: (1), the construction area mean building length, breadth of product of outsourcing size multiplied by the number of layers. It consists of the use of space, traffic area and structure of the area. (2), use the area means the main use of the room and auxiliary room net area (net area of axis size minus the wall thickness of the net size of the product). (3), usage also called room rate, the use of the area of construction area of percentage. (4), the traffic area means the corridors, stairwells, elevator and other transportation link net area. (5), the structure of the area means wall, pillar of the area. 17. What is the red line? a: red line means Planning Department granted the construction unit of land area, the red circle in the drawings, have the force of law. 18, building how rating? a: buildings of rating is based on durable level (useful life) and fire resistance rating (refractory period). (1), the classification as durable, is divided into four levels: level, durable life of 100 years; second, the durable life of 50 to 100 years; three-level, durable age 25 ~ 50 years; IV, durable life of 15 years. (2),The fire resistance rating, is divided into four levels: from level to level four, the fire resistance of building gradually reduced. 19. What is brick? a: housing of vertical load bearing members adopt the brick or masonry columns, horizontal load bearing members adopts reinforced concrete floor slabs and roof plate that this type of structure called the brick structure. 20. What is the framework structure? a: frame structure by post, longitudinal beams, cross-beams, slabs, etc. form the skeleton as a load-bearing structure, the wall is a wall. 21. What is shear wall? a: shear walls within the framework of additional resistance level of shear stress in the wall. Due to the high-rise buildings to resist horizontal shear is mainly caused by the earthquake, shear wall, also known as seismic wall. 22. What is the framework? shear wall? a: framework? shear wall structure refers to the vertical loads from the framework and the common commitment of shear walls; the frame subjected to horizontal load 20% ~ 30%, 70% of shear walls subjected to ~ 80% of the structure. Shear wall length per building square meters of standard design 50mm.
23. What is the shear walls? a: total shear wall structure is to use the building's interior wall (or internal and external wall) as a load-bearing skeleton, to afford building vertical load and horizontal load structure. 24. What is tube structure? a: tube structure consists of frame-wall structure and shear wall structure with integrated evolution and development. Tube structure is the shear walls or dense column frame into the housing's internal and perimeter of closed shell space. Its characteristics are shear wall concentration greater free space, used for segmentation of the Office building. 25. What is steel structure? a: steel structure is the main bearing structures of buildings by the steel components of the structure. With light weight, high strength, ductility, good construction, shock resistance characteristics. Steel structure used for super high-rise building, the cost is relatively high. 26, compared with brick, what u-frame structure, the defects? a: advantages: (1), light weight: the weight of the brick structure to 1500 kg/m2; frame structure such as a light plate (aerated concrete wall, the light steel keel partition wall, etc.) of the dead weight of 400 kg to 600 kg/square meters, the only brick of 1/3. (2), room layout flexibility: frame for loadbearing structure, wallboard frame itself only play the role of enclosure and separated, resulting in a more flexible layout. (3), increased the effective area: frame wall with brick and thin, with corresponding increases in housing area. Disadvantages: (1), the steel consumption than brick by about 30%, compared with a brick, the cost is high. (2), part of the post section size too large, protruding from the wall, will affect beauty. 27, Foundation and the Foundation for what's the difference? answer: (1), the Foundation is the Foundation following the soil, its role is to withstand all loads from the Foundation. (2), the Foundation is building buried below the surface of the load bearing members, is an important part of the building, its role is to bear all of the buildings down loads, and loads with respect to the following soil layer. 28. What is base depth? what is a deep Foundation, on the basis of? a: (1), Foundation depth refers to the design from the outdoor terrace to the underside of the vertical distance from the Foundation. (2), the depth is greater than or equal to 5 meters deep foundation of Foundation called; depth in 0.5 m ~ 5-meter basis as between shallow foundations. Base depth 0.5 shall be brief. 29, buildings which can be the basis of three different methods for sorting? answer: (1), by using the materials: can be divided into brick Foundation, the foundation stone Foundation, concrete, reinforced concrete foundation, etc. (2), according to the structure: can be divided into independent Foundation, Bar Foundation, well that Foundation, board basis, raft Foundation, box Foundation, Foundation, etc. (3), by using a material force characteristics: can be divided into rigid and flexible basis. 30. What is moisture-proof layer? answer: in order to prevent moisture along the wall, ground and surface water erosion on the walls, waterproof material will lower wall and is separated from the upper wall, the block layer is moisture-resistant layer. Moisture resistant layer of position in General first floor indoor floor (+ 0.00) 60mm ~ 70mm Department, and elevation-0.06m ~-0.07m Department.
31. What is Le foot? what is its role to play in the foot?? answer: (1), the lower part of the exterior wall close to the outdoor terrace of the part called Le feet. Le foot's role is to prevent surface water, eaves dropping rain erosion, thereby protecting walls, indoor dry, improve the durability of the building. Le foot height generally indoor terrace and outdoor terrace of the height difference. (2), playing the inside wall of the foot is both sides and walls and interior floor construction junction. Playing the role of the foot is to prevent pollution of the wall when the floor. Kicking foot height generally 120mm ~ 150mm. 32. What is bulk water? what is its role in the pools where?? a: bulk water is close to the Department of drainage at the foot of Le slope; it is close to Le drainage Department of drainage ditches feet. Their role is to the immediate removal from the eaves dropping rain, prevent water infiltration into the soil and buildings. 33. What is cross wall? what is a vertical wall? answer: (1), the transverse walls are arranged along the direction of the building width of walls. (2) vertical wall is the length of the layout of buildings along the wall. 34. What is transverse load-bearing walls, vertical wall, vertical and horizontal wall mixed load?, what is disadvantage? answer: (1), the transverse load-bearing walls is the beam or Board stay in transverse wall. The advantage is a secret transverse transverse wall stiffness, high shock resistance, external wall fenestration flexibility, easy organization attempt to wind; the disadvantage is that timber quantities more Bay size inflexible. (2) vertical wall bearing the beam or plate sits on the vertical wall. The advantage is the flexibility of building divided, material usage; the disadvantage is that less rigidity, external Windows limitations. (3), vertical and horizontal wall hybrid bearing is the beam or Board at the same time stay in vertical wall and wall. The advantage is a flexible overall room layout, good rigidity; the disadvantage is the beam, plate type, construction more trouble 35, general standard specifications of clay bricks? a: a common clay brick standard specification is long 240mm 115mm, thick, wide 53mm. Ash seam width according to consider, such standards 10mm brick in length, width and thickness ratio for (240 + 10):(115 + 10): (53 + 10) = 4: 2: 1 ratio. 1 cubic metre dimension of brick masonry brick dosage is 512 blocks (including ash seam). 36. What is smooth tiles, bricks? what is a sleep brick, bucket bricks? answer: (1), with brick, refers to the length along the wall of brick; small brick, means the width along the walls of brick. (2), brick-masonry called sleep brick masonry brick side lap; called bucket bricks. 37. What is a beam? what is its role? a: the lintel above the entrance doors and Windows is, its role is to bear the load of the upper part of window and door openings and pass it to the Windows and doors on both sides of the wall to avoid Windows box is crushed or deformation. The length of the lintel for door and window openings are generally span plus 500mm.
38. What is the ring beam? what is its role? a: ring beam also known as "waist band" is set on the wall at the same level of continuous closed beam. Its role is to strengthen the integrity of the entire building and space stiffness, resistance in non-uniform settlement of housing, improving the seismic capacity building. 39, what is the structure column? what is its role? a: structure column in the wall of the main corner parts set of vertical components, its role is composed with ring beams together to enhance the spatial skeleton building's overall stiffness and ductility, constraint wall cracks, thereby increasing the seismic capacity building. 40. What is deformation seams? answer: when the housing is affected by temperature change and adjacent parts of non-uniform settlement and seismic collision and other adverse effects of external factors, will cause the entire architecture of deformation and cracking and other damage, in order to avoid damage to the housing is so often the housing artificially divided into several independent units to ensure that their respective deformation noninterference, gap between these units is deformation of joints. 41, deformation seams in several types? their respective setting principles? a: according to the outside world destruction of factors, the deformation of joints is divided into three types, namely the expansion joints, joint settlement joint and shockproof. (1), expansion joints, expansion joints or temperature, when considering the temperature change is on the building of the settings. Climate change will cause of hot materials and components production expansion and contraction deformation, too long and too wide buildings is due to the expansion and contraction and wall cracking or even sabotage. Therefore, take too long and too wide buildings set expansion joint split into several sections to ensure freedom of movement in the paragraphs, so as to avoid the cracks in the wall. Expansion joint seam width 20 ~ 30mm, in flexible insulation materials. (2), settlement joint: settlement joint is considered housing is likely to occur in certain parts of the settlement. When building the adjacent part of the height difference, load, structure and Foundation etc. larger differences or buildings of the complex plane shape or connected buildings constructed in phases, adjacent sites may appear uneven settlement, resulting in the entire building's crack, tilt or even collapse. Therefore, setting the settlement joint building divided into several separate units, each unit to their settlement, are not subject to restriction. General settlement joint width is 30 ~ 120mm. (3), shock proof seam is sewn: earthquake on building damage. For earthquake protection areas of multi-storey masonry, when the House facade height difference of 6 meters, or housing are staggered, and floor height difference is large, or housing parts stiffness, quality distinct, earthquake, housing some of the adjacent might collide with each other and cause damage, so, you need to design earthquake rips building divided into several body structure stiffness even simple, independent unit in order to avoid damage. Shockproof joint width typically 50 ~ 100mm.