【 Weak current College 】 on data center rating

Summary: Describes the national standards, industry standards and TIA-942 "data center communication infrastructure standards on the definition, data center, as well as the level of classification of characteristics and requirements, summarized data center design.

Keyword: data center data centralized building United States communications industry association (TIA) TIA-942 "data center communication infrastructure standards of availability security stability classification grade 4.

As the domestic financial sector a comprehensive opening up to the world and domestic large-scale enterprise data set, we have seen the data center as a physical carrier in enterprise development and operation of more and more prominent, have also seen many large IT companies, finance, Telecom, Government and industry data center of continuously into the building. I had the privilege to participate in a number of large data center project design work, according to the experience of some projects, as well as in combination with the hands of the international and national information about this, on the data center of the levels of requirements analysis and summary for peer reference.
1. with regard to the definition of the data center
Data Center (DataCenter) usually refers to a physical space for data information of centralized processing, storage, transmission, switching, control, and generally contains computer equipment, servers, equipment, network equipment, communications equipment, storage devices, and so on key equipment. Data center infrastructure (DataCenterInfrastructure) refers to ensure the data center of critical devices and equipment for safe, stable and reliable operation and design configuration of basic engineering, also known as computer room project (FacilitySiteEngineering), data center room works not only for the data center systems management and data information security provides protection for the environment, but also for the staff to create a healthy and suitable working conditions.
　　
2. the basis for data center design and standards
At home and abroad and data center-related construction standards mainly in the electronic computer room design code (GB50174-92), the Telecom private housing design code (YD/T5003-2005), the United States communications industry association (TIA) publication of the ANSI/TIA-942 – 2005, TelecommunicationsInfrastructureStandardforDataCenters (data centre's communications infrastructure standards), they are data center location, function indicators, design technology, construction technology, acceptance criteria, specific technical requirements and reflect. Which the United States communications industry association (TIA) publication of the ANSI/TIA-942 – 2005, TelecommunicationsInfrastructureStandardforDataCenters (data centre's communications infrastructure standards) is the world's first more comprehensive data center for technical specifications standards of objects, it is a modern computer room project offers a new design concept, system architecture and specification, and provides many of the technology and systems engineering advice and guidance.
TIA-942 "data center communication infrastructure standards" by the United States communications industry association (TIA) TR-42.2 members club, and by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the United States communications industry association (TIA) on 12 April 2005, it is common to publish the first version. The standard says data center can be Government or corporate owned property's own data centres or operators for the rental services of public data center. This standard describes the various data center or computer room, on the communication infrastructure of basic, minimum requirements.

3. data center room grade and classification on the basis of
In the domestic standards of the electronic computer room design code (GB50174-92), mainly from the room location, architectural structures, the engine room environment, security management and quality requirements for power supply and so on room, can be divided into A (fault tolerant), B (redundant), C (basic type SWG) three levels.
In the United States standard TIA-942 the data center of communication infrastructure standards, is based on the data center infrastructure "availability (Availability)" and "stability (Stability)" and "security (Security)" is divided into four levels: TierI, TierII, TierIII, TierIV. One of these four levels of availability of Division is derived from the United States standard TheUptimeInstitute, Inc. the IndustryStandardTierClassi? cationsDe? neSiteInfrastructurePerformance (the use of classification levels define site infrastructure performance by industry standards "), in the standard, based on the engineering needs of the United States TheUptimeInstitute and practice, proposed site infrastructure of classification levels the system framework, the key for the data center equipment expected" five nines "or 99.999% of system application availability requirements, presented to the matching engine room facilities infrastructure (power distribution, HVAC, and other related systems) availability level indicators.

4. in the data center in standard TIA-942 various levels of features and requirements
According to the standard, data center TIA-942 room can be divided into four levels: from "grade TierI" no redundant components of the system (to provide 99.671% availability) to "grade" with redundant components TierIV (able to fault-tolerant) and non-stop service system (to provide 99.995% availability). According to the standard site availableOf classification levels framework into four hierarchical levels, the following describes the standard in each level of performance and data center infrastructure level type, requirements, and related features:
(A) the grade TierI-basic data center
"Class I" data from planned and unplanned outages reflects sensitive (more). Data Center is equipped with computer power distribution and cooling, but it may or may not have high activity at the floor, one ups or a generator. In these systems of critical load to achieve 100% N. If it does have a UPS or generators, they were a single module system and a lot of single points of failure. A year in venues of the infrastructure is fully close the outage, is based on preventive maintenance and repair needs. Emergency situations may require frequent close facilities. Venues of the infrastructure components, operation errors, and naturally occurring failure will cause the interruption of data center operations. Grade I assigned by power and cooling in a single pass, without redundant components, provide 99.671% availability.
　　
(Ii) the grade TierII-redundant infrastructure components
"Level II" of the data center with redundant equipment parts than "basic data center" planned and unplanned outages reflected slightly fewer (less). Venues have high activity at the floor, one ups and generators, power capacity design is N + 1, all there is a single distribution line. Critical load to achieve 100% N. Key lines of maintenance and venues other infrastructure maintenance will require a process of closing down. Level II by power and cooling distribution in a single pass, with extra components provide 99.749% availability.
　　
(C) of grade TierIII – infrastructure and maintenance
"Level III" data center has the ability to carry out any planned site infrastructure activities, and should not make the computer hardware system outages. Planned activities include preventive and procedural maintenance, repair and replace parts, add or adjust parts, components and systems testing. On the use of frozen water system for large sites, this means that two separate pipelines. To have sufficient capacity and distribution, we can provide ongoing maintenance or testing any other pipeline, the pipeline in a while with load. No plan of activities, such as equipment infrastructure components, running or nature of the failure, the cause of data center outages. In a system of critical load does not exceed 90% of N. When the customer's business needs are legitimate and reasonable additional protection, "level III" venues will be systematically designed to upgrade into a "grade IV". Level III by more efficient power and cooling distribution road, but just a road to active, have an extra component of, and at the same time is a serviceable, provided 99.982% availability.
　　
(4) grade TierIV-fault-tolerant infrastructure
"Grade IV" data center has the ability to carry out any planned activities and not on the critical load capacity of the disruption, and providing a venue infrastructure capacity and its capacity. Fault-tolerant infrastructure as venue of functional infrastructure capable of providing at least maintain a worst case, no plan of fault or the event will not affect the critical load. This requires active allocation roads, usually in the S + S, dual-power system configuration. Power systems supply indicates for each have n + 1 redundancy of two separate UPS systems. In a system involving the critical load is not more than 90% of N. "Grade IV" requires all computer hardware is at fault-tolerant dual power input. Strict fault tolerance tests enable data center has maintained no plan or run-time error does not occur when the computer room process interrupt capabilities. Grade IV by more efficient power and cooling distribution road, redundant components and fault tolerance, provide 99.995 availability.
　　
To sum up, we can use the following comparison table to summarize data center design basis and the various levels of features and requirements:
1. Data Center construction related standards

Category level the specific content of the national norms of the electronic computer room design code (GB50174-92), the Telecom private housing design code (YD/T5003-2005) A (fault tolerant), B (redundant), C (basic type SWG) from the room location, architectural structures, the engine room environment, security management and quality requirements for power supply and so on room, divided into A, B, C three level United States standard ANSI & TIA-942 Datacenter communications network infrastructure standard United States standard ANSI & TIA-942 Datacenter communications network infrastructure standard Tier I single distribution power and cooling, there is no redundant components, still affected by the planned and unplanned activity arising from interruptions, only provides 99.671% availability (basic data center) Tier II single power supply and cooling distribution with redundant components, a slight decrease of planned and unplanned activity arising from interruptions, only provides 99.749% availability (redundant design of data center) Tier III multiplex available power and cooling distribution channel, but usually only one in use, consists of redundant components, parallel maintenance, all planned infrastructure related activities will not affect the normal operation of computer hardware, but can provide 99.982% availability (parallel maintenance data center) Tier IV multi-channel available power and cooling distribution channel with redundant components, as well as support for fault tolerance, can only be provided99.995% availability (fault-tolerant data centre) 2. International industry standards ANSI & TIA-942 on data center rating of some of the key specifications of the project the first level of basic secondary with redundant unit level three parallel maintenance fourth level fault-tolerant data center availability 99.671 99.749 99.982 99.995% each year because of infrastructure caused by IT service outage 28.8 hour 22.0 hour 1.6 hours (96 min) 0.4 hours (24 minutes) lease rent of buildings, and the types of other tenants not dangerous run independently and must have a data center or telecom operators (or has) operates independently and must have a data center or telecom operators (or private) supply channel number has only one way only, all the way along the main road to each standby two hot power supply redundancy measures N N + 1 N + 1 or 2 S + S (N + 1) redundant UPS power N N + 1 N + 1 or 2 S + S (N + 1) generating capacity is intended for computer and communication systems facilities of electricity and power is only for computer and communication systems facilities of electricity and power is only for computer and communication systems facilities, electricity and motive power, redundant one for building all load, redundant server installed UPS capacity correctly select the generator is is is is the generator fuel supply time (full load) 8 hours (if the UPS has a backup time 8min can not set) 24 hours, 72 hours 96 hour UPS battery min full load backup time (with generators and emergency power systems) 5min 10min 15min 15min important loads automatically switch settings with maintenance bypass of ATS, ATS in the event of power failure, automatically switches to the generator-powered circuit set with maintenance bypass of ATS, ATS in the event of power failure, automatically switches to the generator-powered circuit set with maintenance bypass of ATS, ATS in the event of power failure, automatically switches to the generator-powered circuit set with maintenance bypass of ATS, ATS in the event of power failure, automatically switches to the generator-powered circuit load synchronous controller LBS without no more have power equipment and environment centralized monitoring system without a power supply with classification/partition is not is not is a critical load 100% availability for N n 100% 100% 100% N n N N 90 per cent to 90 per cent to 90 per cent N N 90 per cent of the total amount of the initial power (Watts/square foot) (typical) 20-30 40-50 40-60 50-80-the final amount of power (Watts/square foot) (typical) 20-30 40-50-100-150 150 + 150 + continuous cooling not perhaps the space overhead ratio of active floor in 20% 30% to 80%-90% 100% overhead movable floor height (typical) 12 "and 18" 30CM 45CM 30 "-36" 75-90CM 30 "-36" 75-90CM floor load pounds/square foot (typical) 85 100 150 150 concurrent maintenance ability not be tolerant is not not have single points of failure are many + human error many + human error has some + human error a + human error staffing No 1 ban more than one class of 7 * 24 hour no duty 1 watch 1 shift + shift permanent round-the-clock site availability 99.671% 99.749% 99.862% 99.995% (Note: 1 square = 10.8 sq ft, 1 kg = 2.20 lbs) 3. International industry standards, ANSI standards on data & TIA-942 Center location specifications require content Tier I Tier II Tier III Tier IV near flood zone is not required in a flood zone is not in a hundred years of flood or at least leave 50 year flood zone 91 m at least leave met in 100 years of flood zone 91 metres near the coast or inland rivers not requested did not require not less than 91 m not less than 800 metres near major thoroughfares has no requirements do not require not less than 91 m not less than 800 metres near the airport did not request does not require not less than the best 1.6 km greater than 48 km of not less than 8 km, the best is greater than 48 km near the main urban area did not request does not require no more than 48 km of not more than 16 km/h from: ANSI & TIA-942Telecommunication Infrastructure Standard for Data Centers 4. International industry standards, ANSI standards & TIA-942 on architectural design specifications require content Tier I Tier II Tier III Tier IV in the building there is no limit to the number of tenants is not dangerous to other tenants must be a data center or telecom operator must be a data center or telecom operators visitors parking and room wall distance does not require no requires at least leave 9.1 m at least leave 18.5 meters, and through physical barriers prevent vehicle close to the visitors and internal car park separation did not request did not request through the fence or wall physical separation by fence or wall physical separation room surrounding no external Windows did not request does not require a public toilet and lounge and computer room of separation is not required if no request is directly adjacent to flood protection need not be directly adjacent the bezel, and equipped with flood protection walls of the bezel design, explosion-proof Windows and doors did not request does not require a minimum of Level3 minimum Level3 5. International industry standards, ANSI standards & TIA-942 on communication networks specification requires content I Tier II Tier Tier III Tier IV via a different route access telecom operator entry and maintenance of a minimum of 20 m No Yes multiple carriers without no have a second access room no not have second wiring area no no no optional redundant backbone routing no no have a redundant route no no no vertical optional router and switches with redundant power supply and no have a processor with pallet and jumper (cross-wiring) should have the labels do not have a distribution Board and wiring document should comply with ANSI/TIA/EIA-606-A and Standard Annex B on the label required no no Yes Yes
6. closing remarks
We all know through data centralization, banking, telecommunications, it companies, and other major industries to achieve centralized management, to provide within the scope of the country the same level of business services, improve customer satisfaction; while business data centralized storage and management, as a high level of security for data protection has created the conditions for business continuity to a new height. But as the data set, the problem is on the computer system for data center and facility security, stability, reliability, higher requirements.
To sum up, we build and design your data center is not a simple question: it relates to technology is very complex, is a building, structure, electrical, HVAC, plumbing, fire protection, network, intelligent and professional technology. In the actual design, should be considered in conjunction with the project's actual situation and the data center level, follow the usability, advanced, security, reliability, flexibility and scalability to the principles of the data center to meet your computers and other devices of microelectronics and staff on temperature, humidity, cleanliness, electric field strength, noise interference, safety precautions, leakproof, power quality, vibration, lightning protection and grounding, etc; and is a safe, reliable, comfortable and practical, energy-efficient and scalable data center.
Reference 1: the United States communications industry association (TIA) publication of the ANSI/TIA-942 – 2005, TelecommunicationsInfrastructureStandardforDataCenters (data centre's communications infrastructure standards)
Reference 2: the electronic computer room design code (GB50174-92)
Reference 3: the Telecom private housing design code (T5003-YD/2005)
Reference 4: the room of technology and management, 2006 no. 6-the data center standard understanding of TIA-942
5 reference documents: the Bank's disaster recovery backup system construction briefings on-sunny Chen
6 references: the people's Bank of China on the strengthening of Bank data set safety guidance-Silver (2002), no. 260