【 Weak current College 】 quantities for construction enterprises and policies

Summary: the quantities as a new pricing model, is gradually replacing the previous fixed pricing model that valuation model of change is an added burden on fundamental architectural industry. This article by quantities on the tendering of construction enterprises, training, Enterprise fixed establishment, cost management, contract management and risk prevention, impact analysis, trying to find appropriate solutions in order to allow enterprises to take full advantage of this opportunity to continue mining enterprise internal potential, to expand the building market share, enhance the corporate image and comprehensive strength.
Keywords: construction engineering enterprise pricing
First, an overview of the quantities and the difference between the fixed price model
In order to regulate the construction engineering valuation Act, uniform quantity and pricing methods, Ministry of construction in accordance with the mandatory national standards promulgated the construction projects resilience detailed list counts the price specification. And from 1 July 2003 the formal implementation. The pricing norms guiding ideology is in accordance with government regulation, market competitive price formation. Follow objective, impartial and fair.
Quantities, the performance of the proposed project is divided into parts of the project and measures project, other project name and the appropriate number of single output, by the tenderer in accordance with the pricing specification of unified item coded, project name, unit of measure and quantity calculation rules.
Quantities, means that a publicly available quantities, bidder's complete list of all the costs, including the minutes portion of the project costs, fees, other measures project project costs and fees, and taxes. Bidders ' quote and sign the contract price, project completion settlement activities.
The old "fixed" pricing model and the new "manifest" valuation differences:
(A) of the old "fixed" pattern of consumption is mandatory, fixed consumption was to reflect the average level of consumption society, do not accurately reflect the actual consumption of the individual enterprise, cannot fully reflect the enterprise technology standards, the level of management and labor productivity, also cannot fully reflect fair competition in the market. The "manifest" valuation mode of consumption and price quotation is independent, play the market law "competition" and "price".
(B) of the old "fixed" project is the national provisions in order to process a partition in the project, the "manifest" project in accordance with the project entity project, action items, other items to be.
(3) the old "fixed" fee standards are based on the average calculation in different regions, so companies will quote, egalitarianism enterprises can not be combined with the specific circumstances of the project, its technical management autonomy offer, cannot fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the enterprise management.
Second, the quantities of construction enterprises and policies
(A) the quantities of bidding and countermeasures
Construction enterprises based on past bidding requirements has already formed a line with "fixed + fee" pricing in run mode. The original "fixed" pricing, due to the existence of the "fixed", makes the upset of the quotation in general construction enterprises are acceptable, at the same time construction enterprises also have a certain profit space in the State. Construction enterprises, the main purpose of the quotation is in close proximity to the "base" on the issue. The quantities of the price bottom fades, quantities as part of the tender documents, is open to the public. Base price just play a control or the role of the Supreme order, subject to the assessment of the impact on smaller and smaller, in due time even not knitted base.
In the implementation of the quantities in the early stages of the construction unit should spend a certain amount of energy a thorough grasp of the pricing specification requirements, clear the list item contains job content and requirements, the composition of the various costs, tender a careful study of the inventory item description, really put their own management, technical strengths, resources, etc to the subtle inventory project quote. And you want to acquire certain bidding tactics and techniques, based on various influencing factors and project specific conditions flexible adjustment of the tender offer, improve enterprise's competitiveness in the market.
(B) the quantities for construction business cost impact of staff and countermeasures
For a long time, the General construction enterprises have built a team of excellent budget stuff. Budget work nature is, according to the existing construction drawings, form the "fixed", plus the price of paper, through precise calculation of the quantity and the exact form of the "fixed" and the budget cost quota, you will be able to arrive at a "subject", be on offer. Therefore, the budget team principal job is "behind closed doors". In General, is not involved in the construction. On the construction process and construction technology, construction programme can not quite understand, you can even do not know. And whereas the "base" has a certain profit space, construction enterprises of each project are profitable. Therefore, the construction of reducing construction costs, and the budget sector combined with the degree is not enough, even the two did not come into contact with. However, quantities, will impact the existing work of traditional, request a quote "budget" sector is also have certain experience in the construction sector. How to integrate them into one whole, become the construction of the new situation of enterprises respond to new issues.
Cost practitioners must possess the following qualities: first, the familiar design of construction drawings and a comprehensive understanding of the tender documents and the landlord's intention, taking into account the construction site conditions and geological report requirements. Second, you must have the unit cost, profit, and Manpower, carefully select the construction programme. Third, be based on the accumulated experience of construction enterprise data reasonably certain artificial, materials, construction machinery, and other elements of the input and configuration, reasonable measures to determine the site costs and fees. Fourth, in the cost must be proficient in computer information systems, using computer software to analyze the data.
Enterprise staff's knowledge and expertise is the enterprise market competition, the first thing to do, therefore, the first of the main operators, managers want to update values, active learning new knowledge, learn and absorb the essence of the pricing specification. Of course, sinceVarious historical reasons, the cost of establishment of comprehensive quality is achieved, you need to create a favorable external environment condition and cost from the staff's own constant effort and continuous practice. Secondly, the requirements in cost must be from theory to practice and from practice to theory this unchangeable truth process, regular in-depth construction site, acquire the construction process and technology, accumulating items cost data, learning and mastering the economic management knowledge, learn more about laws and common sense. Change the previous tendering and construction of disjointed phenomenon, "the tender is the construction of strategic research, construction is bidding tactics implementation", tender offer to scientific analysis, seriously, do not randomly racking our brains decision-making, at the same time, on each tender summary reflection, supplemented in practice, constantly improving enterprise fixed sum up to improve the level of the tender offer. With the construction industry, and the Chinese building markets, enterprises from the construction contract to the construction cost control, construction claims, cost of practitioners will play an invaluable role.
(C) the quantities fixed in preparing the construction enterprise and build sophisticated enterprise information systems and policies
We all know, the quantity of one of the purposes is determined by government regulation, competition in the market prices for the formation of independent quotes, to participate in market competition, will belong to the enterprise properties of construction methods, the construction measures and labor, materials, mechanical, consumption levels, the cost of the enterprise to determine, for the full right to choose to promote productivity develop. In other words, this requires the construction enterprise data accumulated experience in the construction, the speedy establishment of the business of construction of fixed, reflect the actual average construction Enterprise advanced level, while construction enterprises to understand the Community average, as the saying goes, know yourself, be invincible. So, in order to achieve the above points, it is necessary to rely on modern information technology, give full play to the role of information resources.
To date, it can be said that very few or even no construction enterprises can build a complete construction of the enterprise, accurately response quota the level of construction enterprises, which have many causes. While the previous managed system construction lots of valuable cost information in Project Management Department, project Department, owing to problems of interest generally is not the true cost of the publication and all, every project manager in the heart has its own so shortsighted, small feet. Companies have been completed by the end of the project is no valuable analysis, much less resource sharing. But quantity changes, construction enterprises have to change management model, the requirements for project managers to participate in the tender offer, the development of more accurate construction plan, because it directly affects the vital interests of the project Department and the company's long-term development. It must establish a repository of projects across the enterprise, the project Department of individual economic expansion, integrated into the economic efficiency of enterprises, the project Department of individual data integrated into the enterprise through analysis summary of valuable data while the project Department at lower costs and improve efficiency in mature and successful experience for analysis and summary, you can also promote the entire enterprise. Starting from a typical project, summarizing the advantages of construction methods and techniques, analysis of the cost of building an enterprise fixed as soon as possible.
(D) the quantities for construction cost management and policies
In the old management mode, each unit works are under budget quota determines the budgeted cost of work performed, the different construction enterprises follow budget cost control of own expenses, as long as their consumption level control in fixed consumption standard, can reduce costs, except for provisions of profit, but also can be defined by the section. Whereas the implementation of the new pricing model, bid opportunities and profits in a contradiction, on the primary key is the engineering cost, cost management must advance to the tender offer, it is only through reasonable expected the full cost of completing the project, namely the determination of target costs, resulting in costs on the basis of a reasonable increase management costs and a reasonable profit up comprehensive price determines the project quotation, to ensure that the expected profit. In quantity, construction enterprises must accurately grasp the market, streamline purchasing channels, strictly control the enterprise cost.
(5) construction enterprises must strengthen the contract management and the establishment of a "claim" mechanism, as well as risk prevention
1, signed the construction contract
Quantities of contract, General construction price according to comprehensive price and actually completed the product of the quantity. Construction price is important in construction contracts, construction contracts, the terms of entry into force, unless consensus or adjustment under the contract, either party shall not be allowed to change. This means the construction unit not only in the tender offer is fully consider various factors, and signed the construction contract, but also comprehensive, preventive risk awareness but also to strengthen. Faced with such external environment, first, to strengthen the binding nature of the construction unit, strengthen the tightness and skillfulness of the contract. Secondly on the construction process in the pursuit of profit every detail.
2. seriously do claim work
Construction claims abroad project contract has been in decades, and is a normal phenomenon can be seen everywhere, it is for the purpose of performing contractual basis for reasonable compensation, is a kind of normal. However, due to the long-planned economy mode management, construction unit do not understand the claims, with a planned to a market economy, construction unit and subject to the influence of market competition, the construction units to claim construction units do not dare to claim, does not claim. In this reality, coupled with the current project contracting market atrophy and the continuous expansion of the construction team, winning the bid to obtain general profit sentence well, can't expect access to high-margin and sometimes can only be guaranteed operation, and construction units with the specification of quantities, but also to strengthen the contract and claim mechanisms of perfection.
3. enhancing risk awareness
Quantities of construction contract signed contract by Contracting Parties, taking note of the terms of the contract, in particular the tightness of the special contract terms, because the quantity specifications to minimize change project. As construction units, in the relative decline in profit marginsCircumstances, to clear 1) allows the change of amplitude 2) changes in the duration of 3) change the corresponding additional costs caused by claims 4) change the validity period of 5) program change confirmation
Construction unit of a construction contract, the risk is the risk of change, the second is the comprehensive price change quantities, the third is the measure of project risk, price risk is material and five other risks.
(1) quantities change risk prevention
Engineering change must contract project completed is based on actual quantity adjustment, if you can adjust in the construction process ready complete information, site supervision or party a engineer visa. If not you can adjust, tender offer, you should carefully review the quantities in a timely manner, the tenderer or tendering Agency to confirm, modify.
(2) change the quantities of comprehensive price risk management
Engineering comprehensive price must contract adjustment, otherwise, party a will reference the same or similar integrated price settlement, because in general the unit price will vary depending on project size, construction of great change, causing overall price changes, construction unit to effectively integrated price changes to offer integrated unit price basis of composition, site supervision or engineer visa.
(3) measures project risks
Measures to project costs a few parts, one part is based on the quantities of the size of the part of the measures, according to the specific circumstances of the project and the characteristics of the specific measures, in accordance with the project of the size of the costs of measures, the tender offer, you must pay attention to the accuracy of quantity. Part according to the specific circumstances of the project and the characteristics of the specific measures, the tender offer is to fully understand the tender documents, familiar with the work procedures and construction methods, technology and the characteristics of the specific project.
(4) material price risk and other risks.
Enterprises should establish material procurement tendering system, choose reliable suppliers, establishing a good relationship with the material supplier risk-sharing. Usually in the work it is necessary to pay attention to accumulate material price information and data analysis, understanding the risk of price developments, to reduce to a minimum.
(6) conclusion
As China's reform and opening-up of further accelerate, China's economy growing integration into the global market, in particular, China's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO), trade barriers, the further opening of the construction market. More and more foreign firms to enter the domestic market, China's enterprises go out in overseas investment and management of the project is also increasing, in order to adapt to this open construction market, it is necessary and international valuation methods, visible, with quantities pattern is a general trend, the contractor shall a quote for the project, based on the model of the characteristics of the market rules, and seize the opportunity to take appropriate measures in a timely manner, so that they can in an increasingly competitive market, consolidating and expanding market share. Strengthen risk prevention awareness, at the same time in order to meet the challenges of international contractors, to go abroad, participate in international competition to be prepared.