【 Weak current College 】 project cost control in all phases of

Project cost management of basic content is reasonably determined and effective control of the project cost. Project cost has two meanings, the corresponding project cost management have two, one for project investment management, price management for the project. For project investment management, the so-called project cost effective control, optimize construction programme, on the basis of the design, in all stages of the construction program, the use of certain methods and measures for the creation of the project cost control within a reasonable range and within the approved cost limit.
Project cost management problems in the
At the present stage of the project cost management for project settlement price, only to focus on the construction cost control, ignored the engineering phase of pre-construction investment decisions on cost control. Investment decision-making stages of the construction project cost estimation is an important basis for decision-making, it directly affects the national economy and financial analysis of the results of reliability and accuracy. Because of this phase is the project's previous work, the information is not possible to fully, comparable works less or information accumulated in this area is relatively small, the estimation approach is not perfect, not science, making the project cost management and cost workers at this stage difficult to make a difference.
Project cost management to passive according to design drawings prepared by the budget and computing engineering cost, overlooked in the design phase of the project cost management optimization, effective cost control. According to the statistics show that during the design phase of impact engineering investment possibilities for 75 per cent, but the designers of our country, most of them pursue high safety and design, the design-time does not consider economic factors, resulting in a number of significant waste materials engineering.
Project cost management in all phases of disjointed, cost estimation, design estimates, construction budget, contract prices, settlement prices and final price, the six stages of the construction cost respectively by the units and their authorities, design, construction enterprise to establish their own management, have no control over the latter, the former for the latter affects the former effective cost management system.
My current project cost management data collection system is not perfect. Has completed the project of the construction cost of collecting, collating and analysing information on the cost of ' great reference value. At present, this information is very limited, mostly all cost engineer personal, not to data sharing. Cost engineer cannot pass on, learn from each other, causing a huge waste of resources.
Effective control of the project cost principles
In the planning stage, the design phase of construction with a focus on cost control. Project cost control throughout the whole process of project construction, but it must be focused. Obviously, cost control is the key to the project prior to the implementation of investment decisions and design phase of the project to make investment decisions, control engineering cost lies in design. According to some Western countries, design costs generally equivalent to the construction project full life cycle costs of 1 per cent, but this is less than 1 per cent of the costs of construction project cost implications of reach 75 percent, which is visible on the importance of the design phase. However, for a long time, China was generally ignored the initial work stage construction cost control, cost control is often the main focus during the construction phase – audit construction budget, reasonable settlement construction and installation engineering price. This approach though is also effective, but after all, is "too late". To effectively control engineering cost, control is transferred to the project construction stage-planning and design stage.
Active control to achieve satisfactory results. Since the early 1970s, people will start the system theory and control theory research results are used to project management, the control based on the decision taken in advance proactive measures to reduce or even avoid as much as possible of the target value and actual value of the deviation from, this is an active, positive control method, is called the active control. That is, project cost control, not only to reflect the investment decision, reflected in the design, construction, Contracting and passively control engineering cost, dynamic effects affect investment decisions, design, procurement and construction to proactively control engineering cost. Project cost determination and control, are interdependent and mutually dependent relationships, project cost is determined on the basis of the project cost control and the carrier. At the same time, the cost control in projects cost determined by the cost of the whole process, determine the process that is cost control process.
The combination of technical and economic control of the construction cost is the most effective means. In the project, the technology and economic integration, through technical comparison, economic analysis and evaluation, correct handling of technologically advanced and economic strength of the relationship between the two, and strive to achieve the unity of opposites in technologically advanced economic and reasonable conditions, the economic and reasonable basis of advanced technologies, the control of the construction cost of ideas into the design and construction techniques.
Project supervision is to control the project cost effective way. Construction management system is the highly developed market economy, construction project management professional, socialized and continuously improve product. Construction supervision of tasks, from the perspective of the Organization and management to take measures to ensure that the science of construction project cost objectives, duration, objectives and quality targets reasonably achieve, as owners seeking the best of input and output. Practice has proved that project management is to control the project cost effective way.
Project cost control at all stages of the decision-making phase of the project cost control. On the project planning phase of the construction cost, many owners have errors, that the lower the cost the better. Control cost is not a one-sided, but rather a number of factors, should be considered in conjunction with project real, comprehensive consideration. In construction investment decision-making phase, the project's technical and economic decision-making, on the project cost and cost-effectiveness of the project is completed, has a decisive role, is an important project cost control, cost reasonable determination and control on project direction of accurate positioning, optimization of the construction of a guiding role.
Design phase of the project cost control. Design phase is the construction of intent by the vision of investors to the reality of a key-order changeParagraph, so the design phase of the project cost control of a key point. You can choose from the following several aspects of the project cost control: design bidding system, strengthen the supervision of the design phase to determine reasonable design, proven technology, reduce the construction phase of the major design changes and programmatic changes occur, the effective control of the construction cost will play a role. The design of a project, if you participate in project management, excluding unfavourable factors generally exclude 80 per cent of the error. The whole process of the construction cost control, construction starts at 20 per cent savings in investment, the key is the cost of the construction phase to determine and control. Design phase of the project management including: Institute； design drawings and instructions to help owners review different design options for economic comparison of capital expenditures, to develop a preliminary estimation scheme to ensure that investment can be most effectively used; meet the owners on supervision including: Institute； design drawings and instructions to help owners review different design options for economic comparison of capital expenditures, to develop a preliminary estimation scheme to ensure that investment can be most effectively used; meet the owners of different designs, work out their own materials and equipment needed for cost analysis and research, and to design to cost recommendations to assist them in the context of the investment quota limit design, to save and invest. To search for a one-time low investment and economics for good design, the most reasonable economic indicators.
Optimal design using value principle. In the design phase by value engineering can reduce the cost of 25 per cent to 40 per cent, corruption has a significant effect. Value engineering is also known as value analysis, is a modern scientific management techniques, is a new technical and economic analysis, through the analysis of the product's features to conserve resources and reduce the cost of an effective method. It makes up for the traditional cost management simple stress reducing cost and quality management, emphasizing quality deficiencies, conducive to resolve the long term, the duration of the construction industry, waste, poor quality, the high cost. Value engineering is generally divided into three steps: assessing the design objects of the technical score and the calculation of economic score; design object technology indices and economic indicators; calculation of the geometric mean of design objects, from which to compare, choose the optimal design.
Construction tender stage engineering cost control. Construction tender stage project cost control should accurately grasp the design drawings, through the project's specific situation analysis and bidder pre-qualification, preparation of tender documents, determine the project bidding; bid through assessment, select the winning unit, and to determine the contract price. Reasonably determine project bidding and tendering stage is the project cost control has become an important method, project bidding determines often design is not all, changes to the materials, or due to market changes, it is difficult to have an accurate value. When this situation occurs, you can use fuzzy recognition, fuzzy clustering analysis, computer simulation technology (Monte Carlo simulation) three mathematical method on the project cost is more accurate.
Construction phase of the project cost control. The project implementation phase of the project cost control can be started from the following points: a careful review of the contract price and the quantities, the basic price and the other relevant documents; combine project progress and quality, proper engineering measurement, review of project payment billing, according to the regulations for construction price settlement; a correct understanding of the design intent, strictly control the design change, on the design of inappropriate places timely corrections; strengthening project claims control, all aspects of contract management; skillful budget fixed, reasonable on-site visa; review of construction design, the use of technical and economical comparison method for integrated assessment, apply value engineering for construction materials and construction options, select the rational construction programmes; strengthening the construction supervision.
On the review of quantities, engineer should control the list of items. Quantities available in the list of measures is to complete the project, the project took place in the pre-construction and construction technology, life, security, non-engineering entities project. Because at this stage, many projects are in construction drawings and construction site is perfect for the tender, wait until the construction tender design of projects and field actually have greater access. Management engineer in processing time to collect first-hand sources, itemized check to identify the discrepancies suggested revisions.
Final settlement phase of the project cost control. For a long time, the final settlement-construction drawing budget is cost management problems. For the completion of the phase of the project cost control, should do the following: to check the terms of the contract, the audit scope, the completion of the settlement to prepare scope refers to prepare project completion settlement of engineering and cost range. Audit completed content conforms to the contract, the acceptance is qualified, audit settlement methods, valuation methods, the preferential terms for conformance to contract; press completion chart audit project amount, in the audit, according to the as-built drawings, design changes, such as on-site visa, in accordance with the national engineering calculation rules itemized check; the strict implementation of the valuation basis and valuation method; strict review design change Visa; check fee standards in different regions of the tax rate, price indices may be different. Therefore, the project fee standards must be in accordance with the provisions of the contract, on the basis of the qualification of construction units, project categories, set the standard for reasonable fee.