【 Weak current College 】 on quantities

With the gradual deepening the reform of the construction industry, building market has become increasingly sophisticated, construction works contract has been mainly achieved through bidding. Building business construction achieved through competitive bidding, effectively prevent the corruption of the construction market, improves the project quality, reduce the construction cost. In particular, the Government in order to expand domestic demand and increased investment in infrastructure, construction bidding work more seriously and have implemented a series of major reforms. Of these, and actively implement the quantities, is the most compelling one.
Quantities is widely used for bidding, there are hundreds of years of history, rules and regulations of a sound and mature. As China's imminent accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO), the full implementation of the construction works of quantities is a general trend.
1. quantities of characteristics
Quantities in China is a new pricing model, and over the past several decades have been fixed with expenses compared to the valuation methods, are entirely different content.
1.1 quantities are used in the form of comprehensive price, comprehensive price contains project direct costs, indirect costs, profit project, and should be turned over to the various taxes, etc. The "project direct costs" can be understood as fixed in direct costs. A short, is the largest integrated, not like in the past, fixed pricing that you have a fixed scale of costs directly, then there is a material difference table, probably there are separate charges table, the last in the billing process table know cost. By contrast, the quantities seem straightforward, more suitable for projects of bidding.
1.2 quantities required tender units according to the market and its strength in the quote, and gradually introduce minimum tender bid, thereby breaking the uniformity of the formation of the project cost and monopoly, showing a high low diversity. As with other industries, construction bids, to a large extent, should be a project price competition, as still used in the past, a single fixed price model, competition will not be able to achieve, bidding and also lose their meaning.
1.3 quantities have a contract of a statutory nature, that is the unit price in the tender, the settlement is not changed, if the person who changed, that the bid is challenged.
2. quantities of cost control in four stages
2.1 project preparation phase. In this phase, the main task is to understand the project price in the market and the appropriate fee. Understand the market there are many ways, as owners can hire experienced professionals, or you can entrust with related qualification investigation of Engineering Agency, provides engineering price report for the next project tendering and be well prepared. Do not think that this stage is optional, it is very important. The plan provided, the budget fight foot work, difficulties in advance, the future work would be good to do a bit of trouble will be reduced.
2.2 project bidding phase. In this phase, the project through a bidding procedure, will form a number of important documents and important information, such as tender, tender documents and tender answer, quantities, project bidding and tender, tender notices and construction contract, and so on, many provisions directly related to the project cost determination and control, is the main factor of cost control, and should carefully analyze, carefully, be accurate, detailed, comprehensive, and articles, files should be interlinked and avoid conflict.
2.2.1 the tender documents is key to cost control. Tender documents for the entire bidding process and project implementation in the whole process of programmatic document, the entire project cost control. A perfect embodiment of tender documents is beneficial to the owners of aspirations, conducive to the smooth progress of the construction, engineering quality supervision and monitoring of the project cost; a comprehensive tender documents, all future construction management and cost control nuisance, resulting in disputes that claim, the result will be a breakthrough budget, lost the meaning of the original tender. For example, on how to increase engineering drawings, settlement of the problem, if there is no mention of the tender documents, or quite vague, so when the final settlement will cause increased engineering part is the implementation of the bid price, or alternatively negotiated price. Such files are often become tender vulnerability, the unit's breakthrough appended project, vulnerable to the tenderer to bid first, and then greatly increased the cost of the trap.
2.2.2 quantities is the core of cost control. Quantities as bid price basis, is the entire project cost control of core content. In the existing tendering system, most owners are entrusted with the appropriate qualification of intermediary institutions to prepare Bill of quantities and the corresponding base. Quantities produced must comply with the requirements of bidding documents, each child to work and work requirements should articulate the accurate and complete, and should not be more, not less, not leak, does not leave gaps and minimize the tentative projects to prevent future additional construction costs.
In reviewing the tenderer should overcome the quote, just by looking at the total cost does not look at the idea of each unit price, total price because in fact meet the requirements of, and is not equal to each quote to meet the requirements; the lowest total price does not mean that every quotation minimum. The tenderer is usually the total cost remains unchanged, changes in the smaller projects of price reduction, will change the larger project price increases, so that the final settlement, you can successfully meet the purpose of supplementary works. In addition to overcome not only look at the price at the appropriate number of maladies, engineering works great price to focus on, and should make full use of the first phase of the collected works of price data, comparative analysis, distinguish which price is too high, which offer too low, if necessary, use regression analysis to determine the reasonable price. Have to be overcome only look at the unit price does not work, see construction plan, do not look at the job requirements. If the brush paint items, brush brushing twice and three times the price is different, with upscale brand and generic brands of price should also be different. And if man-power digs the hole pile itemsIncluding silt, sand treatment fees and does not include the price should be different, and so on. Such issues as cost control, cannot fail to capture.
2.3 project implementation phase. At this stage, the main job is to implement the second phase is determined by the cost control objectives and control scheme, the strict implementation of quantities of principle and content, especially note the changes in the quantities of visa. In the works of visa should distinguish between what the check, which is not what the check; the project is a contract which is outside the contract; what content is included in the bid price, which does not contain; if you want to check how many should be checked, and so on.
2.4 project completion settlement phase. This phase is the final project cost control, like a football game in front of the foot, "", if the Mastering is not good, we will all lose power completely losing a spring. Accounting of the amount actually complete works, and audits, or preparation of the final settlement is a phase of major work. If the quantities of the small number of projects in the package, you should try to death by the completion of the drawings, etc., recalculate quantities, rather than a mere calculation of the amount of changes, because the list is not necessarily the exact quantities. In this phase, you may encounter construction units append project cost applications or claims, which in the quantities mode, it is very normal. As cost control, you can implement the counter claim action, this is also a very normal.
3. concluding remarks
In the past, fixed pricing mode cost control is to focus on the fourth stage, while quantities of cost control was to focus on the second stage.
As the quantities of ongoing, traditional fixed price rigidities model will gradually be broken, but also inevitably brought many new problems, as the project cost management, also with the development of the situation. Thus, a group of both engineering and technology, and understand the engineering-economic and management talent is the current urgent tasks.