【 Weak current College 】 fixed pricing and valuation differences

1. first, according to a fixed price project cost when units by direct project costs, indirect costs, profits, tax form, price of direct costs when calculating, then to direct costs (or artificial) as the base for calculation of the costs, profits, tax, the total project cost for the unit. Quantities, cost costs by quantity (= ∑ inventory quantity × project comprehensive price), measures to the list of items, other items listing fees, charges, taxes v part, as this Division is the construction of the substantive measures of consumption in consuming and separately, for measures of consumption costs only lists the name of the project, by bidders in accordance with the requirements of bidding documents and construction site conditions, construction plan, decide, to reflect the construction programme-based cost competition; for substantive consumption costs, it lists the specific quantity of works, the bidder must give each list item in the integrated unit price.

2. the sub-item project price constitute different

According to the fixed price at the unit price is the quantity unit price that only includes labor, materials, machinery, quantities sub-item project price is generally integrated price, in addition to labor, materials, machinery, but also including management fees (onsite management and enterprise management fee), profits and the necessary risk-expenses. Integrated price for payment, the construction cost of adjustment and project settlement, not because the "fee" generated some unnecessary disputes. Comprehensive price of direct fees, costs, profits from the bidder's actual expenditures according to the enterprise and profit expectations, bidding strategies, is the actual cost of construction enterprises reflect costs, is the price of individual projects. Integrated price quote is one of the individual pricing and market competition.

3. classification of different unit project

According to the fixed price projects Division of the budget of the project is divided in fixed, General construction fixed several thousand projects, its principle is broken down according to the works of different parts, different materials, different technologies, different construction machinery, various construction methods and material specifications, classification is very detailed. Quantities of project division compared to fixed items of more comprehensive, new specifications in the civil works only 177 items, it takes account of engineering parts, materials, technology features, but does not take into account the specific construction method or measures, such as artificial or machinery, machinery for different models, etc., while for the same item is no longer stages or process is divided into several, but are integrated together, such as concrete, you can add the same item of mixing (production), transportation, installation, joint filling as a comprehensive, Windows and doors can also be produced, transportation, installation, brush with oil, metals, and other integrated together, this can reduce the original quota for a process for selecting the construction enterprise, quote have more autonomy. Quantities of content should be integrated in the project, rather than fixed calculation of quantity of "budget." Integrated volume is conducive to enterprise independent select construction method and is based on competitive bidding, also enables enterprises to get rid of dependence on fixed, establish internal quotation and management of the quota and price system.

4. valuation based on different

This is the list price and according to the most fundamental of the fixed price. As the sole basis of the fixed price is fixed, while the quantities of main basis is fixed, including enterprise production factor consumption standard, material prices, construction machinery and equipment and management, the management costs, etc. At present there is no possible most enterprise, but with the enterprise fixed quantities forms of promotion and price increases, corporate practice will gradually build its own scale and the corresponding item price, when the enterprise can according to their own situation and market supply and demand a comprehensive price, independent quotes, market competition (through public tender) pricing pricing structure will also be formed, this is the list you want to promote. Quantities of essence is to change the pricing model, the Government established the market price mechanism, only the basis for the valuation of individualization, this goal can be achieved

Second, 1. valuation model used.

Quantities, the bidder by enterprises of their management capacity, technology and equipment level and offer the market, independent,

Fixed the quoted cost of project is Community average price,

2. the use of the unit price method.

The quantities, an integrated unit price method, the price is a complete provides measurement unit project required artificial fee, material fee, mechanical royalties, management fees, profits, and consider the risk factors, are subject to fees and taxes of all cost price.

Project budget fixed pricing, quantity unit price, quantity unit price is a sub-project of the price per unit of quantity for direct costs, direct costs for labor, materials, machinery of consumption and its corresponding price; indirect costs, profits and tax is calculated separately in accordance with the relevant provisions.

3. reflecting the cost price.

Quantities that reflects individual cost, project budget fixed pricing that reflects the average social cost of

4. the settlement of different requirements.

Quantities, is settled in accordance with the contract if prior agreement the provisions of the comprehensive price, integrated unit price is basically dead in the package.

Project budget fixed price, fixed by clearing provides quantity unit price valuation, often adjust content more easily lead to disputes.

5. risk management in different ways.

Quantities, so that the tenderer and reasonable sharing of a bidder, the bidder risk on their own to the reported cost, integrated unit price, but also the risks on the price of the unit price shall be determined when the contract, settlement cannot be adjusted (in addition to the amount of engineering changes), and on the quantities of change or calculation errors are not accountable; the tenderer the corresponding amount in Computing Engineering, for when you want to precisely this part of the risk should be borne by the tenderer, thereby facilitating the control of project cost.

Project budget fixed price, risk in investmentA party, all of the risks in not meet fee; settlement, according to the contract, you can adjust. It can be said that the bidder has no risk, is not conducive to control construction costs.

6. classification of different projects.

The quantities, broken down by entities listed in the project, the entities and measure project phase separation, construction methods, means not listed, do not set artificial, materials, mechanical consumption. This increased contracting the competitiveness of enterprises, to encourage enterprises to adopt reasonable technical measures to improve the skill levels and productivity, market mechanisms can bring into full play.

Project budget fixed pricing, the project is divided by the construction sequence key, entities and arrangements, construction methods, means a separate column, labor, materials, mechanical consumption has been fixed, you cannot play the role of competition in the market.

7. engineering calculation rules are different.

Quantities, the quantities of the list item is based on the entity's net worth calculation, this is a comparison of the current international common practice.

Project budget fixed pricing, quantities are real plus people as requiring the amount of the reservation or operating margin, and other factors.

8. units of measurement.

Quantities, the list item is the basic unit of measurement.

Project budget fixed pricing, measurement units can not use basic units.

Third, and compared to the previous pricing, quantities has the following characteristics: 1, mandatory; 2, competitive; 3, versatility and practicality.

Mandatory in the construction of the competent authorities in accordance with the mandatory national standards that require approval provisions enacted, all with State-owned or State-owned funds of funds. Investment-oriented medium-sized construction projects should be "pricing specification".

The second is clearly the quantities are an integral part of the tender documents, and provided the tenderer in the preparation of quantities must abide by the rules.

Competitive performance specification for the "pricing" from policy provisions to the specific provisions of the General content, fully embodies the cost price by the formation of market competition. "Pricing specification" measures project, quantities only column "measures project" column, the specific measures adopted by the bidder under the enterprises construction organization plan, depending on the circumstances. On the other hand, "pricing norms" in the artificial, materials and construction machinery does not have specific consumption for the enterprise to offer provides an autonomous space.

The versatility of the performance is used in the quantities is in line with international practice, comply with engineering calculation method of standardization, unification of quantity calculation rule, the construction cost to determine the market's requirements.

Practical performance specification for the "price" in the appendix to item quantities and engineering calculation rules for the performance of the project name is project entities project, the project name clear, engineering calculation rules in its simplicity.

4, 1, quantities, the quantities of risk borne by the party a, price risk borne by party b.; traditional quota, the volume and price risks are borne by party b.

2. quantities, the quantities fixed isolation; traditional is a combination of volume and price.

3. the quantities that are in the market economy mode products, facilitate the construction of the competing among enterprises, survival of the fittest; fixed is a product of the planned economy mode, with a strong policy.

4. the quantities that are more conducive to the carrying out of the bidding, the conduct of settlement; fixed price relative to not flexible.

Get a few decoration engineering, from the tendering and bidding begins to settlement are manifest, the actual results or better, the project cost is reasonable control and smoother, both parties win-win situation.