【 Weak current College 】 contemporary residential building energy saving

Author: Zhang Wei Lu Hong
The summary should have modern residential building energy-saving features. For energy saving is required from the building of energy-efficient exterior envelope; indoor facilities for energy saving; energy-saving operation management in three areas.
Keywords for residential buildings energy exterior envelope indoor facilities management 1 preface
In recent years, many countries have appeared the energy crisis, China's growing energy shortage, energy in the national economic construction has a pivotal role in the various countries must take effective energy-saving measures, building conservation society's call. In order to implement the State energy conservation measures, our residential buildings also should have the power saving features, residential buildings must take the appropriate measures.
Residential building energy-saving mainly comprise three aspects: building exterior envelope of energy saving, energy-saving interior facilities, operation and management of energy saving. Exterior envelope energy, mainly control building heat loss index cannot exceed the standards of Max; indoor facilities to choose products with energy-saving function; a run-time management to achieve energy efficient operation. By means of these three areas, the aim of achieving energy savings.
2 the energy exterior envelope
Exterior envelope insulation performance directly affects buildings of heat consumption index, the better the insulation, building energy consumption is lower,

Build more energy-efficient. In the exterior envelope design, it is necessary to satisfy the civil building thermal design specifications "(hereinafter referred to as the" standard ") of the basic insulation requirements — retaining structure materials resistance to heat resistance is greater than the minimum, and to meet the design standards for energy efficiency of residential buildings" (hereinafter referred to as the "standards") — the envelope of heat transfer coefficient should not exceed the limits of the local requirements. In addition, due to the increase in shape coefficient of energy need to be overcome through enhanced insulation, building shape coefficient ranges correspond to the different heat transfer coefficient of limits.
(1) external
Exterior of the material a lot, you can use fly ash hollow brick, the porous brick, aerated concrete, reinforced concrete, etc. This type of exterior wall thermal insulation without doing the deal to reach basic insulation requirements, but in some cases, its heat transfer coefficient is greater than the standard "in the specified value, the energy-saving requirements. Therefore, the design need checking wall heat transmission coefficient values, if you do not meet the requirements of the standards, you need to take measures to increase the insulation layer, so that it is less than or equal to the specified value. Commonly used thickness 240mm of aerated concrete block, you can meet the requirements of energy-saving, it is now the frame structure of the most common wall materials. In high-rise building, outside shear walls group uses polystyrene Board, perlite thermal insulation Board.
(2) for Windows
The window heat transfer coefficient should not exceed the limits of the standard ". Small heat transfer coefficient should be chosen and tightness good Windows to reduce indoor outside of heat and cold wind permeability. When using the air tightness better window, from the health point of view, room ventilation should be considered. Frequently used doors are steel, aluminium, wood, plastic, etc., there is a single window in the window type, double Windows, single box with double glasses. In recent years, the market a number of new energy-saving products, such as the broken bridge aluminum, glazing, etc, all with very good insulating properties. In addition, the design of window with the window's size reaches the norms requirements of window in the wall area ratio, but also to take into account energy consumption on the room window area, the greater the window open, the more energy consumption of a room. Therefore, both to make overall plans, in order to achieve the purpose of energy saving. Determine the window size, you can refer to the standards of the recommended values, should not be exceeded. Sometimes to building facade, made the window is large, the building also sets the floating window, the window wall area ratio exceeds the specified value, this will require enhanced exterior walls, roofs and other exterior envelope insulation, reducing the perimeter guarding bodies of heat transfer coefficient, building heat loss indices comply with the prescribed requirements.
(3) roof and a layer of ground
Roof and a layer of the ground are direct or indirect contact with outdoor air, if the insulation is not good, will result in higher energy consumption, will inevitably lead to the top and bottom room radiator licenses, for energy saving and operation of the heating system are negative. Therefore, roof and floor in general practice, should an additional insulation layer (such as polystyrene Board, perlite, air trap layer, etc), so that its thermal parameters meet the standard of value.
(4) thermal bridge
The building's thermal bridge sites should take insulation measures therein surface temperature is not lower than room temperature, dew point to prevent condensation heat bridge site. Take insulation measures, can prevent condensation, and can reduce energy consumption, energy conservation room. Actual projects, many in the resulting heat bridge beam position with benzene Board do thermal insulation, thermal resistance of the parts to meet the requirements of the standards.
According to the design of energy-saving requirements, the exterior envelope marked effect of energy saving, cost also increases. Thus, in adopting energy-saving measures for economic analysis, control of building exterior envelope of energy-saving investment should not exceed the construction cost of 10 per cent (in unit area). It is necessary to achieve energy efficiency and to minimize the cost of project.
3 indoor facilities for energy
Indoor facilities include indoor heating system, water supply and sewerage system, electrical system, etc, they also in energy-saving potential.
(1) energy-saving heating systems
① set household metering and room temperature control device. Household metering can enhance people's awareness, improve energy conservation initiative. Used for household metering of the heating system, heating for backwater main risers located outside Central tube, supply and return water standpipe inside the tube, each household all the way from tube wells in the lead, the two-hose system in each household starting segment set lock valve, Y-type water filters, heat meter.
② Select the energy-saving heating products. Selection of safe and reliable, light, thin, and the United States, new heatsink, saves raw materials, and improves cooling efficiency, dual energy saving. The radiator surface should not be painted silver, metallic paint, this will increase the radiator surface layer of thermal resistance, the impact of cooling. PowderHeat exchanger should be clearly established, when the window sill height to be able to meet the requirements of the heat sink installation should be set up along the window. At present, the heatsink on the market have the steel, aluminum, copper, aluminum, steel aluminum compound and so on many kinds of products, the appearance is beautiful, good heat, in practical engineering has been widely applied.
(2) water supply and drainage, energy-saving electrical system
① use water-saving products. By using a variety of water-saving products to save water. Current water-saving products mainly include saving tap, water shower, water-saving toilet, domestic wastewater recycling plant, etc. In addition, you can consider a residential quarter in the design of the water system, the indoor living sewage and toilet drainage shunt emissions, waste water treatment for building after flushing or community greening, etc. Saving both water resources and protect the environment, there is an obvious social and economic benefits.
② the use of solar energy. Through the supply of domestic hot water solar water heater, you can effectively save energy. Spring, summer and autumn in solar energy efficiency can meet the basic needs of the domestic hot water. In winter, the effect of solar energy. Winter Solar tubes may freeze, you must do a pipe insulation, conditional can set heating heating pipeline antifreeze protection.
③ energy saving lamps. In residential buildings, extensive use of energy-saving lamps, staircase set sound and light double control, etc., in addition to residential building facilities are designed to reflect the energy saving features, it's also important energy saving consciousness, only a combination of both, in order to achieve better energy saving effect.
4 run the management of energy
(1) heat source
Residential buildings of heat source should give priority to the use of urban heating network and regional central heating boiler, the promotion of cogeneration. Urban heating network of heating efficiency and average cost than small regional boiler room to low, it is more economical heating system. In the absence of urban heating network of residential setting in the regional boiler room, boiler room should use high capacity, high efficiency boilers, and you want to set aside in the future and urban heating network connection interfaces to reduce duplication of investment. Some cities take urban heating network and large regional coexistence of heating boiler rooms, this is also a beneficial energy management.
(2) heating system should run continuously, batch adjust
Continuous heating can guarantee the stability of the indoor temperature, and a heating system for intermittent operation starts, the amount of energy required. According to the outdoor temperature changes, use computer-controlled parameters, htm energy saving effect. At present, some high-traffic using the "boiler room, small temperature difference" run, run as power consumption, is not suitable for the current energy situation. According to the requirements of the standards, small heat networks and hot water supply temperature of 95 ° c, designed to return temperature design to 70 ° c circulating pump flow rate should be determined according to the thermal load calculation. Water pump number use two computers, one a, pump selection should be considered when regulating the flow of the phases.
(3) adopting energy-saving technology
Thermal stations set up the necessary measuring instrument, to cost accounting management, using the computer management system, improve the management level. To promote the use of inverter technology, to ensure the smooth operation of the system, to save energy. Heating system of constant pressure water system, the use of high-expansion tank pressure water; boiler house drum cited wind system using frequency fan; circulating water system adopts frequency conversion water pump, these measures are effective means of energy saving. In addition, many projects have also adopted the energy-water circulating pump, water pump with flow larger, head low and working efficiency high characteristic, it is well settled normal water pump in the heating system in the work efficiency is low.
Modern residential building energy-saving problems, has attracted widespread attention of society, on the formation of society must play a facilitating role. &
Reference documents
1 the living standard of the building energy-saving design
2 the building's thermal design code