【 Weak current College 】 HVAC design and building relationships

Description: residential heating set forms, various forms of building heating, conditioning and installation requirements, kitchen, bathroom ventilation holes, to consider various professional comprehensive; commonly used air conditioning, ceiling space, and storey, cooling machine room equipment room, air duct, tube and building relationships.
1. heating design and building of relations
(1) residential heating of centralized forms:
1) heating radiator heating and hot water and heat metering. It is used for heating systems. This type of heating system in the form of single-, double-pipe two, now housing design requirements for indoor for measurable heat metering systems. Room for two-pipe system. This system of hot water from centralized boiler house, urban heating network via heat exchanger station supplies.
2 wall-mounted gas boiler) with household as heat source of hot water heating radiator heating systems. Commonly referred to as small stoves, it not only for heating, but also for domestic hot water, indoor system can be a radiator can also be a radiant floor heating.
3) laying of low-temperature hot water floor heating system, which is not higher than 60 ° c hot water as heating medium, the heating pipe laying on the floor in the low-temperature floor heating hot water.
(2) various heating requirements of the building in the form:
1) buildings have a heating, heating and heating systems in buildings are equipped with a man called "building thermal entrance", it can be a building one, or a single one. Residential basement, building thermal entrance located in the basement. No basement, building thermal entrance located in first floor staircase stairs below the first.
2) heating tube well and trench staircases should set heating charge of tube wells, each household a section about about opening the door to outdoor 1000mm×500mm. Trench practices as before.
3) outdoor heating pipes connected radiator for xlpe PEX or concealed-plastic composite pipe buried within the cushion, the floor of the upper layer thickness not less than 50cm.
4) If a radiant floor heating system, the ground is as follows:
The soil is not the upper, and heating room adjacent floor upper and upper-floor residential floor heating pipe, and radiant heating floor along the wall perimeter, should lay the insulation layer. Use of polystyrene foam insulation Board, thickness should not be less than the following requirements:
Floor upper 30mm (residential subject layer high limit should not be less than 20mm)
Soils of the upper 40mm
Along the walls surrounding 20mm
Note: when using other materials, thermal resistance should be equivalent to determine its thickness. Heating pipes Pebble concrete should be used to override the backfill layer, and meet the following requirements:
① heating above fill layer thickness should not be less than 30 mm.
② ground load greater than 20KN/m2, heating duct epithelial layer of padding, shall design calculation determines the reinforcement of structural measures.
Radiant heating floor laying in soils, insulation and moisture-resistant layer below should do; radiant heating floor laying in damp rooms (e.g. bathrooms, kitchen and a swimming pool, etc.) on the floor, fill the layer above should be waterproof. Specific structure see Figure 1.3.1-1, 2.
Figure 1.3.1-1.3.1-1 and Figure 2 construction schedule
(3) conditioning and installation requirements:
What is household air conditioning: in 1999, suddenly, residential central air conditioning's name and products like mushrooms in China. There is air cooled chiller, air blower plate Tube ends, the heating area of up to 100 ~ 600m2. This approach is to shoot the breeze-cooled chiller hanging in the hallway ceiling or toilet etc, ceiling height of about 450mm.
Another is an air-source heat pump system. Indoor unit placed in the suspended ceiling, ceiling height of about 400 ~ 500mm, flexible ducts received the air.
As the Beijing heat pumps winter heating capacity is not enough, you should set auxiliary heat source.
(4)-kitchen, bathroom ventilation holes:
The kitchen area of natural vents should not be smaller than the room area of 10%, not less than 0.6m2.
No external Windows in the toilet, you should set a backflow of exhaust ventilation duct, and set aside for exhaust mounting location and condition of machinery.
(5) the professional comprehensive consideration of:
Residential building design, should be able to meet all building equipment, reasonable layout system to function effectively, and create a safe operation, energy savings, congenital conditions:
Division 1) reasonable footprint for the professional.
2) gas, sewerage, heating and air conditioning, electrical equipment, such as the relative concentration of pipeline should be arranged with good, try not to cross.
3) radiator, power outlets, telephone jacks, reasonable layout is the radiator or outlet pipes occlusion effects use.,
2. air conditioning system design and architecture of relations
General public buildings for air conditioning, air-conditioned buildings, buildings and HVAC professional relationship closer. To make everyone aware of air conditioning in public buildings, the following describes how modern public buildings (in Office buildings for example) of the partition and common air-conditioning mode:
(1) partition:
1) and the outer zone. Modern office building for the large Windows of high-rise, also, indoor electronic office equipment, lighting, cooling and more, there are also many that are air conditioning cooling load. Outdoor temperature fluctuations and the solar radiation can be scoped to a heat transfer, building envelope, but only affect depth certain areas, we called the outer zone. Outer zone generally from 4 ~ 6m exterior area inside. While the indoor load only the lighting, electronic equipment, etc. are not subject to external temperature fluctuations in the area of the region is called. In the area of air conditioning load throughout the year are the cooling load.
2) area with full air for air flow or Vav (VAV) of air conditioning; the outer zone (surrounding area) common fan-coil air conditioners or VAV with Terminal heating.
(2) common air-conditioning mode:
1) air conditioning system: we often say central air conditioning system that is common with most windy road, air-conditioning system, the air conditioning room with air channel will wind or hot air through the radiator or louver, etc. into the InteriorThere is indoor air conditioning of the back, the system must have a computer room, to have the ceiling space.
2) VAV system (also known as VAV system): VAV system is in accordance with changes in room load corresponding changes into the indoor air of full air system, the most used in Office buildings and other public buildings. VAV system in addition to the air duct, a terminal device, called the VAV box (VAV-Terminal), sometimes of VAV box to pick up hot water pipes, and some have a small fan need power supply.
3) VRV system: this is an air cooled direct evaporative cooling air quantity of refrigerant frequency adjustment system that do not House, there is no wind pipe, design simple, China Institute of the new building is an instance of it.
4) fan coil system: fan-coil as the name suggests is a water surface cooling coils with a blower, water intake and two water interface and two air intake air diffusers, so anyone who installs the air blower plate Tube place has hot and cold water pipe connections. In addition the summer cooling coil intercom 9 ~ 12 degrees centigrade cold water, the surface temperature than the dew point of the indoor air is low, so the fan coil is set below the water dish, the dish also received a root condensate pipe. This pipeline is the water plate of condensate drain away, it is no pressure from flow drains. So you want to have a certain grade, I ≥ 0.005. Otherwise, the condensate tray will overflow, damaged ceiling decoration.
Because the role of the fan coil is indoor air cooling, does not address the indoor air quality (air), in order to make room to breathe fresh air, so the average fan coil is used in conjunction with fresh air system. While fresh air system is full outdoor air through the air processor (also called air supply unit) for heating (or cooling), humidification and processed into the Interior of the system.
On architecture, fan-coil in-ceiling of the space on the left and right to 400mm beam at least 250mm.
(3) high ceiling space and layer:
The architect for their design of building equipment, electrical and other aspects of advanced minds to what level. In particular, to understand the professional needs of the buildings in occupies what space; shaft need, located in a good, which parts go horizontal line or only in the ceiling in the corridor. Air-conditioned room is centralized or decentralized? all you want to set the size? where? vertical duct and horizontal wind pipe about direction. Space for these pipes, architects have a complete concept. With this number in order to resolve the contradiction, do a design professional quality.
Building storey building codes, except that the clear height requirement is, of course, the smaller the economic area in order to produce more. But small pipes were let go, also can not, therefore, in deciding when building storey first ceiling space much, judging from the comfort of full air system to beam down 40 ~ 50cm and fan coil is you want to beam height not less than 30cm. So the podium of layer high above the 4m and integrated building standard layer by layer high above the 3.5m, hotel Hotel floor height of not less than 3.0m in General.
(4) refrigeration room equipment room, air duct, tube and the building of relations:
1) refrigeration rooms (including electric refrigeration and direct-fired absorption-type rooms), air conditioning, room location when doing the programme need equipment together study to determine their size and layer. Refer to table 1, table 1.3.2-1.3.2-2.
The device layer in the air conditioning room occupied by the area of approximate value table 1.3.2-2
Refrigeration room area accounted for public buildings with a total construction area of 0.5%-1%;
Heat exchange station area accounted for public buildings with a total construction area of 0.3% ~ 0.5%;
Boiler room area accounted for public buildings with a total construction area of about 1%;
Air conditioning room area accounted for public buildings with a total construction area of the 4%-6%;
In stratified area: 500m2 30m2 about to air conditioning in the engine room;
(Building area on each floor) about 1000m2 to air-conditioner room 35 ~ 45m2;
2000m2 about to air conditioning room 45 ~ 55m2;
3000m2 about to air conditioning room 65 ~ 75m2.
2) cooling machine room, direct-fired room, air conditioning, room setting to the architectural requirements:
① refrigeration room:
A £ ® have a basement is generally installed in the basement, no basement is located on the first floor, there are located in the top level, but very few.
B £ ® in the basement is located in the plane of the geometric centre as well, this can save network investment and energy consumption of the pump running, because the pipeline is short, so the system small resistance pump head lower, less energy consumption.
C £ ® to close to the substations and pump house.
D £ ® the way you want to consider network.
E have moved into the machine. to move out of the hole.
F the height of the cooling machine room £ ® (clear height):
A) electric refrigeration room
Large h = 4.5m; small h = 3.5m.
Direct-fired room b)
Large h = 5m; small h = 4m.
② direct burning room:
Particular requirements for direct-fired room:
Because gas is fire smoke, fire by gas standards and specifications, the location of the engine room should meet the following requirements:
A £ ® direct external doors and Windows.
B £ ® have ventilation.
C £ ® in the basement with discharge of smoke.
③ air-conditioner room:
A £ ® air conditioning room floor load is 700 ~ 800kg/m2.
If a.800m2 1065
2 × 30000m3/h, the engine room area 50m2.
B. each 1000m2 Office about 50m2 room area, accounting for 5%. Air conditioning room should be placed in each fire zones, the fire cannot be partitioned room, in another fire zones.
C. air conditioning room on a flat surface and at least one main room, room to avoid noise and vibration to use couldn't resolve deficiencies.
D. air conditioning room door to category should beFire protection insulation of glottis.
E. pipeline well (the wind pipe and duct well, there are cable shaft): there is a very important, is the gas pipeline is not allowed in the tube well. Be sure to set, set up separate tube wells have to be well ventilated. Pipeline well accounted for the total building area of 1% to 2%. Duct well divided into anti-, exhaust pipe, each smoke near the stairs are 1 ~ 2m2 anti, exhaust pipe.