【 Weak current College 】 attaches importance to the heating and air conditioning system operation management, mining, energy-saving emission reduction potential

Author: series Wo Liu Jie Ms Helen
Summary of the article for the current heating and air conditioning systems operation and management of issues, from improving equipment operating efficiency, enhance heating pipelines and energy-saving thermal users run, describes the system operation and management of energy-saving technology. According to the findings and proposed to strengthen the energy management, reduction of energy policy and energy management problems.
Keywords for heating and air conditioning run management energy-saving technology energy-saving emission reduction is the basic policy of our country, the country has developed a series of energy-saving standards and regulations, aimed at the overall guidance of China building energy-saving work. When it comes to energy conservation, it is easiest to think of is the use of energy-saving technology to achieve the purpose of energy efficiency in buildings, but often overlooked management energy-saving potential. Therefore, in addition to the development of energy-saving technology, using units should also be developed in line with their actual energy management system to make long-term, systematic energy-saving, energy-saving training for staff. At present, heating, air conditioning and lighting systems have great potential to be fully tapped.
Ministry of construction and General Administration of quality supervision, inspection and quarantine of 26 April 2005 the public building energy-saving design standards "GB50189 — joint publication announcement Conference 2005, and to identify the standards from 1 July 2005. Building energy efficiency is a system that involves the building layout, construction materials, construction, construction equipment, heating and ventilation

Air conditioning systems and lighting design, construction, operation and maintenance management and application of renewable resources, etc. Although the States have not yet developed specifically for building energy management to run, but for building air conditioning ventilation system started late, run management vulnerability, management issues, the inefficiency of construction organizations in the air conditioning ventilation system operating management norms, in 2005 to 30 November 2005 national standard B50365-published March 1, 2006. Some provincial and city building administration departments in order to strengthen the building of energy-saving management run link, or you have started to prepare local building energy management standards, running and have achieved initial successes. The relevant departments of the Ministry of construction also has the building operation and management standards for inclusion in the standard specification for the establishment plan.
1 current building heating, air conditioning and lighting systems in operation management issues
Building operating management involves building and energy supply system, principally in heating, air conditioning, ventilation and lighting system. In the past in the building energy-saving work, many places heavy construction, light management; maintenance of heavy use, light weight; weight maintenance structure, light system running; heavy design, light weight hot fee; collection, light energy assessment, ignoring the run link for energy management, energy efficiency greatly reduced, resulting in a large number of undue power loss.
Building energy consumption of the good or bad depends largely on equipment operation, management, maintenance level. Currently, HVAC system operation management problems are:
(1) in the run, the system is not based on the actual load and make the necessary adjustments, the cooling capacity, water and air are greater than the actual demand.
(2) operational regulation free, resulting in indoor air environment can not be guaranteed and the waste of energy.
(3) management failed to make timely cleaning system and the necessary updates, has increased the resistance of the system is running and the system itself on air pollution. If you can make improvements for the above issues, will be energy efficient.
(4) do not pay attention to the HVAC operations staff training, many operators do not have the necessary basic theoretical knowledge of HVAC, not according to the outdoor parameter changes accordingly. Year round only power on, power off and conversion operations in winter and summer, the system runs the unreasonable is not up to the energy saving effect.
2 building heating operation and management of energy-saving technology
At present, China's urban heating boiler rooms by region and spread the boiler room heating, because running the management level, the number of boiler plants perennial in run inefficient State, causing tremendous energy waste. As China's economic development, energy consumption continues to increase, if not as soon as possible to improve urban heating system of energy utilization, will impede sustainable development of our economy.
2.1 improve boiler and auxiliary equipment operating efficiency
Because of the boiler operation, fuel type, the management level, individual boiler heating system of the actual operating efficiency 50%. You can improve the tightness of the boiler system, reduce excess air coefficient; guarantee boiler heating surface cleaning, preventing fouling; using stratified combustion technology, improve the combustion conditions; large, medium boiler combustion process using computer control and other measures to improve the thermal efficiency, reduce slag carbon content and exhaust gas temperature, heating boiler operation status in its design of condition run, give full play to the thermal efficiency of boiler design. Improve boiler drum, fan, pump, and other ancillary equipment configuration, select the drum, fans and pumps to take into account the actual needs of the heating system of the pump and fan operating parameters to avoid improper configuration of the subsidiary equipment led to reduced consumption of thermal efficiency and increase the influence of electric and hydraulic systems.
(1) to strengthen the management, promotion of coal combustion
Heating boilers more burning coal, subject to various conditions, the use of coal. Do the coal storage, processing, sending, measurement, and inventory is to achieve energy-saving heating systems. Do a coal industry, the guidance coal blending and combustion boiler operation. In short, coal management should be able to do storage of coal is not spontaneous, not after weathering, processing satisfy the requirements of combustion equipment. While coal consumption, consumption, month consumption have accurate data, inventory number types, you must make the relevant personnel doing the boiler house, establish and perfect the coal management system, do a fuel sample analysis, mainly water, ash, volatile, determination of the calorific value, slag, ash and flue gas analysis, flue gas analysis means the exhaust gas constituents at. Sampling, the boiler should be stable, primarily carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, oxygen, and carbon monoxide levels. Scientific management of the coal industry, standardization.
> (2) strengthen the heating apparatus, facilities maintenance, maintenance and system of water quality management
For measurement, calibration of the instrument, so that it is reliable, responsive and accurate status. Coal of metering equipment, coal, water quality, flue gas analysis equipment regularly adjust checking boiler thermometer, traffic tables and control room of the corresponding instrument should correspond to the consumption of coal, water, electricity, etc. all have accurate measurement for the heat.
The strict implementation of heating facilities, regular maintenance, maintenance of the system, ensure that equipment is in good condition. Boiler water treatment (including soft water or desalination, deaerator) device, the water must meet the requirements of national statutes, boiler water quality standard is strictly forbidden to directly fill with untreated water. Prevent system maintenance reasons, resulting in inefficient operation of equipment, pipe plug or run, run, drip, leak phenomenon, resulting in wasted energy. Heating system is a large and complex energy supply system, which involves many factors and links, we must not ignore any a small link that should be good at small from the most basic aspects of mining and energy-saving potential, improving energy utilization, achieve energy savings.
(3) strengthening of water treatment, promoting the effective transfer of thermal energy
Boiler after a certain period of operation, internal produces water sediments, scaling phenomenon appears, this is inevitable. According to statistics, boiler scaling 1mm, increase fuel consumption by 3%, but scaling back on the safe operation of the boiler is also extremely unfavorable. It is therefore necessary to adopt advanced water treatment technology, and actively promote boiler water treatment process. Currently, the use of more common water treatment equipment is the sodium ion counter current regeneration switch. This water treatment of the water quantity and quality, unit salt consumption, water consumption, and other indicators are more advanced, on wide adaptability of raw water, the effect is ideal.
Large and medium-sized boiler water treatment often using vacuum deaerator, vacuum deaerator and atmospheric thermal deaerator compared to save fuel, but also to reduce exhaust gas losses, improve boiler efficiency, so it is large and efficient boiler water treatment.
(4) do the plans for quantity of heat
According to the actual running of room temperature, heat index accounting practice. According to the actual and theoretical calculation to determine the heating load and outdoor temperature, so that different outdoor temperature required for quantity of heat, and draw the water running curve, indicate the return water temperature with the outdoor temperature changes. According to the weather in the coming weeks, determine the maximum quantity of heat, depending on the amount of maximum heating time for single boiler provides for quantity of heat computation of 80 per cent, well run number increase. According to the weather forecast each day, drawing the temperature curve (at 2 p.m. for the maximum temperature, 6 am to minimum temperature). Determine out of daily maximum and minimum quantity of heat, adjust the number of boiler operation and load.
2.2 heating network of energy-saving operation
(1) improve the thermal efficiency, reduce the pipe network system leakage losses
NET efficiency is conveying pipe insulation effect is reflected in the index. General network efficiency should be greater than 90%-95%. Actual data shows that buried pipelines to meet this requirement, while overhead and sewer pipe is very difficult to meet the requirements, the heat loss is greater than 10 per cent. If the waste water, water pipe, insulation layer is compromised, its heat loss or even greater than bare pipe, this issue is widely present in the early development of thermal network. Heating network of water rate is a measure of the conveying process system of water loss. At present, the heating network (especially secondary network) water rates vary widely, in 0.5% ~ 10% range. System leakage loss is hot, add is better than a much lower return water temperature of cooling water, water not only is water consumption or heat consumption. According to estimates, pipe-water supplement for each additional 1 per cent, more use will be 3%. We want to strengthen the network of daily inspection management and improve pipeline insulation effect, there are insulation damage repair of parts should immediately to prevent the pipeline was stagnant water immersion, increasing pipeline heat loss. On the net all bare compensator core pipe for insulation, pipe heat loss as possible will reduce to a minimum. A timely check tightness of pipe systems, run, run, drip, leak phenomenon from occurring, to reduce the supply of heat loss.
(2) do a network that enables users of the hydraulic balance and adjust to improve energy utilization
In a network run initially, to the initial regulation hydraulic condition to avoid heating network of the horizontal offset. Reasonable distribution system water flow to ensure that once the actual water pipe network is equal to or close to water pipe design. In the thermal station installation flow regulator, pressure regulator, adjusting device, regulate and control the valve opening to control flow, pressure, thermal station of hydraulic condition remains stable. In the second network users home branch of retrofitting self-operated flow controller, regulator, on the second screen of the hydraulic balance to adjust automatically, use of rational distribution of heat energy.
(3) the use of frequency control technology to reduce energy consumption
Promote the use of inverter technology, changes in the flow, small temperature difference of operation, reducing power consumption. At present, domestic heating system consists of a network and second network system are generally high flow small temperature difference of operation, the practical operation of water supply temperature ratio design water temperature low 10 ° c ~ 20 ° c, water circulation increased 20% ~ 50%. This operation makes a sharp increase in circulating water pump power consumption (50 percent). Network transmission capacity of serious decline, thermal stations increased number of heat exchange equipment. Therefore, you should increase the heating system control means to solve hydraulic imbalance, change large flow, small temperature difference of operation, the water temperature to a temperature or the temperature close to the design, to improve the efficiency of heating systems of transport, saving energy. Fan, water pump efficiency is determined by the electric energy into useful work share, reflecting the efficient use of electric energy is. Currently, air blower, pump efficiency General in 55 per cent to 75 per cent. Their flows (wind) and head (head) of the selection and configuration are very important. As a fan, water pump in the selection and configuration there is a rich, hot network construction and thermal load also has a process, the winter cold period at the beginning of the heating period, Frost heat load increases, the system full-load operation before the drum, fan, pump capacity-rich. Adopt frequency conversion technology, can be timely to flow, head adjusted to the needs of numerical, eliminate redundant power consumption。 Generally can reach 30 per cent of the energy saving effect.
Energy-saving thermal users 2.3 run
(1) the initial regulation. Run counter to the user's system to clean, check the horizontal tube, tube valve intact normal, normal exhaust air cleaning system, ensure that the branch pipe balance between resistance.
(2) Regulation of each building heating of traffic and on building the correct distribution of flow, to avoid uneven cooling, meet the requirements for heating, floor heating in the operation of the necessary adjustment to ensure that the room temperature is extremely important. Due to the hot water pipe network, usually appear near heat sources Department circular flow is too large, the distant circulation flow shortage, it is running in must constantly adjust the gas valve for allocating traffic.
(3) runtime should always check whether the normal user system cycle, preventing the system blocking gas phenomenon, and check radiator working conditions, prevent run, run, drip, leak.
(4) to enhance the user's energy conservation education and management, is strictly prohibited in the heating network pipes installed on the water valve as living water. For hot water heating is a closed-loop, such as pipe machinery in the lack of water does not promptly added easily cause gas plug phenomenon, serious system air concentration will lead to cutting off the water cycle, the impact of heating. At the same time, if a large number of added water is a waste of fuel to energy saving, so you must strengthen management, regular checks, if found to amputate valve rod, in severe cases, should be fine.
(5) the doors and Windows should housing insulation. Install stair door maintenance window sash and the strengthening of management to reduce the heat loss is not valid, such as energy saving, and guarantee that the room temperature.
2.4 set heat source, heat and heat networks computer monitor adjustment system
Heating system consists of a heat source, distribution network, made up of a complex user system, for heat production, transmission, distribution and use are in order, increasing the energy efficiency of heating system, you need to establish heating system compatible control system. Heating system installed the required thermal instrument is mastering system operation, accurate understanding and analyzing system problems, take the right methods and measures to achieve energy saving important means for the purpose. At present, thermal instrument installation failure, no situation more generally, therefore, must be in accordance with the provisions complement all thermal instrument and to guarantee a good and accurate gauges. Set the heat and thermal station and heat networks computer monitoring system may implement optimal operational regulation and control, real-time adjustment of the thermal supply heat users. Boiler combustion only achieve automatic control to achieve the optimal combustion conditions in boiler, heat efficiency. Control system for heat supply managers with heating system health, help staff selects the best mode of operation, maintenance of heating systems, hydraulic load transient changes, ensure the heat balance, energy conservation. Control system for investment in the early investment in general system of 5 per cent, but its obvious economic and social effects.
3 air conditioning system operation and management of energy-saving technology
3.1 conditioner run management energy-saving technology
At present, the apartments of commonly used in air conditioners and air conditioners including residential central air conditioning.
(1) the energy use of room air conditioner
Room air conditioner (hereinafter referred to as air conditioners) is the output of the largest and most widely used an air conditioning and refrigeration equipment. In recent years, with the rapid development of China's economy and people's living standards improve, my air conditioner quickly yields and ownership are a fast growing trend. Currently, the air conditioner has been very popular, in summer, their power consumption may account for the total power consumption in the city of 10% ~ 20%, the proportion is considerable, but the most hot hours of electricity, General Electric, also belonging to Pinnacle further intensified peak and Valley. Therefore, the room air conditioner of energy saving is very important. When properly installed, the rational use of air conditioners create a comfortable, clean environment, save energy, extend the life of air conditioners.
① should learn the knowledge of refrigeration and air conditioning, fully exploit the capabilities of air conditioners. At present, in order to meet people of various different requirements for the sale of air conditioner on the market, its function is complete. If the inverter technology, application of fuzzy control technology, can provide the user with Quick cooling, heating, air conditioner, air and room air distribution, dehumidification, odor removal, air cleaning, filtration, etc. Therefore, the air conditioner in use, it is first necessary to understand what all the features of air conditioners, to give full play to its use.
② setting the proper temperature to ensure good health and get the best comfort and energy saving methods. Temperature of the main considerations of human comfort. In General, the fewer people dress in summer, the ambient temperature of 22 ° c to 28 ° c, relative humidity of 40%-70% of people will feel comfortable, then people do some light activities, also not sweating. In winter, when the people entered the room, the temperature in the coat is 16 ° c to 22 ° c, relative humidity greater than 30 per cent of cases, people will feel very easily.
③ enhance ventilation to keep the body healthy. In many of the rooms have air conditioning, cooling capacity for savings, often the doors and Windows closed, airless. Due to the lack of fresh air, room air pollution, many people have dizziness, weakness, various respiratory infectious diseases are also popular. Therefore, strengthening of ventilation, keep indoor air circulation is a normal user it should be noted that the air conditioner. Usually sooner or later it's cooler when window ventilation, or in the absence of direct sunlight sunshine time ventilation; when the room numbers, should strengthen ventilation; or you can use a heat recovery unit of equipment to forced ventilation.
④ use air conditioners should also be aware of the following issues: air conditioner power due to its larger capacity, should have a special power supply, connection to secure as much as possible avoid common with other household appliances to prevent the same loop circuit overload danger, conditional, on air conditioner power voltage. Air conditioner in the reliable grounding to found the electrical fault repair time, remember to not run under disease. In addition to the normal door, room should have a tight sealing and insulation, glass doors and Windows should have curtains to cover the Sun to prevent air leakage and air conditioning load caused by heat. Air conditioner outlet should be kept clear, avoid all kinds of debris into the air conditioner, air conditioner filters to periodic cleaning. EmptyAdjuster to create a good air circulation, but also improve air conditioner efficiency, reduce failure of important measures. In the use and maintenance of split air conditioner, should pay special attention not to move the air conditioner, avoid refrigerant leaks.
(2) residential central air conditioning energy saving operation
Residential central air conditioning can be called a domestic central air conditioning, lighting and air conditioning, domestic central air conditioning. It is a centralized air-conditioning load of the system, its hot and cold quantity by certain media to the air conditioning room, to meet the requirements of living comfort. It is a cross between traditional centralized air conditioning and room air conditioners in between a form with the improvement of housing conditions and improve the quality of life and gradually developed a new trend of air conditioning, new way. Residential central air conditioning use should note the following aspects.
① doing insulation and sealing;
② reduction of refrigerant piping installation length and the elbow;
③ air-conditioner and external machine height difference should be allowed;
④ filters should be regularly cleaned;
⑤ keep indoor and outdoor machine fin clean.
3.2 large public buildings energy-saving air conditioning operation management technology
Public buildings, in particular large public buildings (such as office buildings, hotels, hotels, shopping centers) is currently building energy consumption in households and public buildings energy consumption of the excess is due to the central air conditioning ventilation system of unreasonable running. Therefore, the construction of administrative departments at various levels to strengthen the public buildings of the central air-conditioning and ventilation systems, energy management, running should strictly implement the HVAC system operation management norms GB50365-2005 requirements, to implement energy-saving, environmental protection, health, safety and economic and practical principles, ensure the system is the rational use of energy-saving system, extending the life of the system, depending on the technical innovation and realistic and responsible management principles, to take full advantage of the social service agencies, professional technology, equipment and human resources, support and maintenance of system uptime, lower cost of operation and management.
Large public buildings more centralized air-conditioning system, with complex structures, equipment and energy relative concentration, energy consumption, flexible relatively large features, its energy saving operation management system and the technical aspects of both.
In the energy consumption of the air conditioning system for independent measurement even partial metering, on the basis of the air conditioning system used to conduct an audit to determine the status of the overall size of the energy-saving potential and to determine the potential size of energy management, which in turn uses the quota management, contract management, destination management, and other measures, to run the Manager for constraints and incentive to achieve the purpose of the operation and management of energy saving.
In addition, you should run the managers, running operations personnel professional energy saving training to master the correct energy saving concepts and use of energy-saving technology.
(1) and heat source energy saving operation management
In the air conditioning system, a host of energy consumption of energy in total 60 percent, so the host of energy efficiency is important throughout the system. The design of the air-conditioning system, host to the biggest load of design, and air conditioning system for each specific condition, there is a best of characteristic curve, working in this curve, hosts the most efficient, minimal energy consumption, the control host to meet its characteristic curve, you can achieve energy-saving purposes, the common energy-saving control methods are:
① set reasonable air conditioning run parameter. Air conditioning system at run time, the civil construction indoor air parameters set value should control within reasonable limits, not blind pursuit of high standard, to lower energy consumption. In central air-conditioning design time reasonable set interior design temperature and humidity, and avoid the summer too low temperature, high temperature in winter too, the design should avoid air temperature is too low, because when the air temperature is 18 ° c to 14 ° c, in the same room temperature (26 ° c, relative humidity of 50%), treatment of fresh energy consumption will increase by 25 per cent. Therefore, from the health, comfort, energy conservation, air conditioning in summer temperature in the interior design than the outdoor temperature low 5 ° c to 8 ° c, while the difference between indoor and outdoor relative humidity also should not be too large.
② start and stop the best control. On different places for building air conditioning load detailed survey analysis, finding the best way to start and stop controls to meet the requirements of the air environment, and to comply with the requirements of energy saving. Managers can environmental factors for Office to develop more energy-saving programme set.
Intermittent operation of cold source devices, should be based on actual need to choose a reasonable time, the cooling front 0.5 ~ 2h opened before the end of the cooling 0.5 ~ 1h close. Multiple parallel operation of heat source equipment, according to the load changes implemented reasonable group control policy that allows each and heat source equipment provided in the rational and efficient operation under load.
When more than one refrigerator in parallel operation, do not open the refrigerator before and after the frozen water, cooling water pipe valve must be closed to prevent unnecessary short bypass; at the same time should adjust the cooling flow between devices, allowing the distribution of traffic and load matching.
③ for load individually select host power. According to the actual air conditioning load regulation host number or select host power. And heat source equipment should be based on the outdoor climate and building usage, in conditions of timely adjustment of water temperature, water temperature adjustable variable. Refrigerator should keep under the rated flow evaporator evaporation temperature and chilled water outlet temperature, condenser condensation temperature and cooling water outlet temperature is less than the difference in temperature of 1.5 ° c, you should promptly check out cleaning evaporator and condenser (such as Guangdong building has used air conditioning large host and small host combination approach, i.e. the day normal load during peak use large host, 18 points after small load on the host, instead of the air conditioning small its energy-saving effect is very significant).
(2) energy-saving air-conditioning system run
Chilled water and cooling water circulation pump on the number and the number of open refrigerator. Should follow the refrigerator, the refrigerator is opened only on the frozen water pump and cooling water pumps, avoid open water pump.
Chilled water pumps, cooling water pump would not be appropriate for the actual operating efficiency is lower than 60%, operating efficiency is lower than the limit of the pump should run under actual operating parameters (head, flow) resize or replace the water pump, and is not appropriate to adjust the cooling valve in the engine roomLimit total size.
The temperature of the chilled water for water should be greater than 4 ℃; when the frozen water, cooling water pumps, variable frequency adjustment should be controlled, the rotational speed of the chilled water, cooling water for the water temperature is higher than or equal to 4.5 ℃; when the second pump system, the second test the temperature of the chilled water for backwater is greater than or equal to 4 degrees centigrade. In the winter heating condition, hot water supply-water temperature difference should be greater than or equal to 8 degrees centigrade.
Should be considered cooling water return temperature setting value on cooler power consumption and cooling fan power impact (on absorption chillers also consider preventing crystallization requirements), as far as possible, so that the cooling water temperature proximity outdoor wet-bulb temperature. Multiple cooling tower parallel use should make the water between the tower and the introduction of a uniform distribution of the cooling fan unified frequency, as many open cooling tower fan, low frequency operation, full utilization of cooling heat transfer area. Multiple cooling tower parallel use with fan number commitment control, you must turn off the water cooling tower does not work, avoid water cooling valve in the work of the cooling tower, next to the temperature of the cooling water. Should maintain a smooth, round ventilation cooling tower into the cooling air wet-bulb temperature should be less than or equal to the outdoor environment and wet bulb temperature (1 ° c).
Water side of the scale, corrosion and MOSS on the impact of the refrigeration system, which is also the energy consumption of air conditioning systems. In order to reduce the scale, corrosion and MOSS on the influence of water systems, in addition to device manufacturers should take measures, also need to add water treatment plant. Domestic and international practice shows that high-frequency magnetic field with several pieces can be processed on the water, and air conditioning system design should advocate the creation, selection of high-frequency electromagnetic all-in water treatment plant.
(3) energy-saving air conditioning ventilation system
Intermittent operation of air-conditioning system should start with the former 30min air handling units for cooling or warming, cooling or warming is close the air supply valve, cold or warm the fresh air after opening; should use valve end 15 ~ 30min off air handling units.
Years running longer than 1200h, air blower power greater than 5kW of full air conditioning system of air handling units, air blower to adopt the frequency conversion control, according to the regulation of the temperature of the room to adjust the fan speed. Frequency conversion control of air-conditioning system air flow should meet the requirements of the airflow and meet the requirements of the fan running.
Personnel density changes with a relatively larger and larger rooms, use fresh air requirements of control methods.
In order to maintain the air conditioning running inside of buildings, air balance should be reasonable control fresh air handling units and exhaust fan operation, avoid Windows open for fresh air, reducing the unorganized, at the same time avoid the stairwells and elevator, and other non-air-space and air space between the air flow is not reasonable.
When the air conditioning system in the area and kitchen, garage and other required continuous large exhaust of space are connected, through automatic door closer, and other devices connected to the space to cut off. For the above and the air conditioning room connected to the kitchen, garage space, set up, maintain and forced draft fan blower joint, the maintenance of the kitchen, workshop, etc for the negative pressure.
In the outdoor temperature is suitable, as spring and autumn, summer night, should take full advantage of the outdoor air temperature, cold storage, reduce the running time of mechanical refrigeration.
Local sources of heat through the partial exclusion of heat system in place to avoid entering the air conditioning regional unnecessary air conditioning load.
Exhaust air recovery unit should operate normally during the operation of the air-conditioning system should open heat recovery equipment, make sure that the new, exhaust duct air valve switches to the correct position. The transitional seasons using fresh air cooling, if provided with by-pass measures, should take the bypass operation.
(4) the use of advanced automation strategy
With the electronics, computer and network technologies, HVAC systems control technology software and hardware with rapid development. Through the use of advanced software system of ventilation and air conditioning central monitoring system, you can implement a system for real-time monitoring and analysis of statistics over a long period of time (such as draw run trends, develop and perfect the fault library, etc.) to ensure the system's energy saving operation. Online testing of the CO2 concentration in the return air to control the minimum necessary ventilation rate, to meet the ventilation hygiene requirements, but also can achieve energy-saving purposes. According to the information that foreign in high-rise office building in the use of the air quality sensor control bathroom, corridor and other public areas of air-conditioning and ventilation systems can be energy-saving 10 percent.
In addition, a reliable, accurate, intelligent feature detection and control of computer systems based on outdoor weather conditions and indoor thermal load, to meet the requirements, determine the best energy-saving temperature and humidity control scheme and most energy efficient air-handling process, so that the air conditioning system automatically runs on the most energy efficient operation. Using advanced control device, you can greatly improve the operating efficiency of air-conditioning system. Such as programmable thermostat valve is currently set for the control of the temperature of a new product, it can change the program to set, change, and store more data. HVAC system users can be based on individual need to set monthly or even daily control program for air-conditioner system based on a predetermined requirements, guarantee that the premise of thermal comfort and energy saving 10 percent. Develop and use powerful, user-friendly control software is guaranteed to run the air conditioning system and energy-saving and effective measures. Such as the use of adaptive control and fuzzy control and other advanced control software, reducing the workload, improve debugging control accuracy, thereby broadening the temperature and humidity, allowing the control of the optimum energy-saving purposes.
HVAC system advanced automatic control strategies include the following.
Centralized heating and air conditioning systems, detection and control should be carried out, including parameter control, parameters and device status display, automatic regulation and control, operating automatically converted, energy metering and central monitoring and management, specific content should be based on the architectural features, related standards, system type, and other technical and economical comparison.
Intermittent operation of air-conditioning system, yishe automatic start and stop control device; control devices should be scheduled for optimal start and stop function.
On the building area of 20000m2 above all air-conditioned building, conditions permitting, the air conditioning system, ventilation system, as well as cold, heat source system to use direct digital control systems.
On the cold, the heat source system control should meet the following basic requirements:
① on system cooling, heat source of instantaneous values and cumulative values for checkedLogging, chiller preferred by cooling capacity optimization control run number;
② chillers or heat exchangers, pumps, cooling towers, and other equipment chain restart/shutdown;
③ on supply and return water temperature and pressure differential for control or monitoring;
④ on equipment operation for testing and fault alarm;
⑤ technology, reliable, suitable for chiller water temperature for optimal setting.
Total installed capacity is large, a large number of major projects of cold, the heat in the engine room, the use of crew performance group control.
Air conditioning cooling water system should meet the following basic requirements:
① When water chillers, cooling water temperature control minimum backwater;
② Tower's run number control or fan speed control;
Û cooling supply air-conditioning cold water temperature control of water;
④ sewage control.
Air conditioning ventilation system (including the air conditioning unit) should meet the following basic requirements:
① air temperature and humidity monitoring and control;
② using fixed airflow full air-conditioning system should adopt fresh air enthalpy value control pattern;
Û VAV system, fan control of variable speed should be adopted;
④ equipment operation of test and fault alarm;
⑤ necessary equipment coil protection;
⑥ filter overpressure alarm or display.
Use secondary pump system for air conditioning water system, the second time the pump should be automatic speed control.
On Terminal vwv of chilled water system, the second time the pump should be used for automatic transmission control.
To exclude the room heat recovery ventilation system consisting mainly of preferably set ventilation equipment for temperature control device.
Underground parking ventilation system, preferably according to usage on fan set a scheduled restart/shutdown (number) the control of or under the CO concentration in the garage for automatic operation and control.
Centralized air conditioning systems in public buildings, to set up sub floors, indoor area, minutes user or compartments of cold, thermal equipment; buildings each with public buildings and cold, heat, cold, heat, should set the measurement devices.
(5) air-conditioning environment users of energy saving
The room has a controllable air conditioning terminal device, it is expedient that the room temperature setting value is set to 26 ° c or above.
After work or temporarily leave 1h above, you should turn off air conditioning terminal device.
For air supply unit run by the air conditioning system, the indoor window should not be opened. Air conditioning system is not running, open the window can be used as a means of regulating indoor temperature. In the use of air conditioning in season, the Sun times the blinds to reduce air conditioning load.
4 closing
Heating, air conditioning system operating management needs for compliance, the need to establish a mandatory energy efficiency legislation to resolve. At the same time, should introduce incentive policy of building energy saving. Incentive policies are not a substitute for building energy-saving specification, but you can play a powerful role in influencing, industry experts said that the United States building energy efficiency incentives — "Energy Star" engineering annual savings equivalent to the United States as a whole generation of 5 per cent of the total. Should reward those that exceed the requirements of energy-saving standards and encourage the use of units of new energy-saving technology to promote energy-saving technology of the quicker development. &
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