【 Weak current College 】 skills experience: how to effectively carry out the project cost management (1)

I. introduction
In construction project management, how to effectively carry out the project cost management, and ensure project quality, reduce the construction cost, is the project cost management departments at all levels, the investor a concern. Properly preparing the construction cost to the Government and the owners of decision-making has an irreplaceable role. In order to adapt to the Socialist market economic system and construction of project management needs, reasonably determined and effective regulation of the construction cost, increasing construction costs establishment level, reflect the actual cost of the project is our project cost professionals face a major issue.
Project cost control and management, is in project decision-making phase, the design phase and project implementation phase, the project cost comparison study, the project cost control in scientific and reasonable, depending on the project's progress at any time correct the deviations occur to ensure project management investment goals, the various phases of the construction project of the rational use of human, material and financial resources, to reach a better investment benefit and social benefit. Cost control in all phases of interlinked, this requires that we establish a scientific and perfect cost management system, the engineering of pricing, reviews, identify, clearing, settlement standardization system, establishing a strong supervisory and inspection mechanisms and disincentives. At the same time, how reasonably ascertain cost, so that a variety of resources and reasonable configuration to get better investment benefits and social benefits, and also the need to study.
2. project cost determination and control of basic principles
Due to the construction of a general period longer, subject to a variety of external factors and constraints, the project's initial phase, it is difficult to determine a correct price. As the project unfolds and in-depth, on the understanding of the project is also more comprehensive and thus cost estimate has become even more reasonable. Therefore, the project cost reasonably determined and effective control should be guided by the following:
1. must the whole process, in accordance with the construction of the different phases of the characteristics of a number of pricing, due to the large construction projects, long construction period, complex technologies, human consumption, taking into account the vote of the economic benefits of human use and other factors, once the policy-making, it will result in irreparable enormous economic losses. In order to reasonably determine cost, only construction procedures reasonably determine the various stages of construction cost precision in order to fully reflect the cost of rationality.
2. project cost control throughout the entire process of the construction project, control of focus should shift to the construction of the project, which is transferred to the project decision making and design phase. Once the investment decision-making, control focus during the design phase. However over the years, our projects generally ignored the project construction stage, the importance of price control focused primarily on projects in later stages, even in the final phase of the project, and therefore often appear investment limit. Some projects even completed investment substantially greater plan, thereby building a large number of benefits not good works.
3. project cost control must have a system for ensuring that the establishment and improvement of the whole process of project management (including cost management) and cost control system. Practice has shown that where construction project implementation phase of the project management and cost control system engineering, a satisfactory economic and social benefits. But at present, China's construction project phase is not yet implemented this system. Due to meet the specifications of the design achievements of cost levels because of the experience, or other factors resulting in a large difference between the conservative, design ideas, makes engineering cost high, therefore, the implementation of construction project management and cost control system is very important.
III. implementation of construction project management and cost control system
1. in the early stages of project construction supervision must be implemented (including cost management) system. Through the design process of supervision, make design tends to be reasonable, cost control, within the limits of the quota really with minimal investment and people for maximum output. On the one hand is actively pursuing the "limit design" approach, which is a proven effective approach, it is not simply an economic issue, more accurately, a technical and economic issues. This "limit design" can effectively control the entire project's cost. For the design of the "limit" to achieve the desired purpose, should be involved in the design personnel must be experienced, technically economic designers. The results of their design must be practical, advanced and cost is reasonable. Control of the project cost on the other hand is a must for many scenarios, because the outcome is a gradual improvement of the procedure, and is not a start could be finalized, so many programmes compare is a measure of its practicality, nature and economy of an important means.
In building early-stage project cost effective control, organizational, technical and economic aspects. Organizational measures is clear project organization structure, a clear cost control persons and their tasks, so that each part of the cost of a dedicated; technical measures is strict inspections and supervision at all stages of design, technical and economic point of view to review design scheme, an in-depth study of the possibility of saving investments; from economic measures is to dynamically compare the cost of the plan values and actual values, strict auditing fees and expenses, according to the progress of adjustments for the design of the design.
Our engineering design field for a long time did not achieve the optimum technical and economic integration. Technicians lack economic concepts, design thinking, design achievements of conservative economics are not fully reflected. Therefore, we should now be solved is to improve economic efficiency purposes, in the construction process organization, technology and economy organically. Through the economic analysis, comparison and evaluation technology, correct handling of technologically advanced and economic reasonable between the opposites of the technologically advanced condition of economic reasonable, based on economic reasonable and technologically advanced.
2. the project implementation process supervision and control of the cost is very important. Cost engineer should have and use of bidding documents, contract agreements and the design, construction documents. To reasonable on the basis of quantities, grab the key link of measurement and payment, carefully reviewNuclear applications for payment, the funds are given reasonable control and payment. Cost engineer on the project in addition to the various cost control, you also need to grasp the relevant national laws and regulations of the construction cost, collected price information, understand the price dynamics, analysed the various cost information, etc. Obviously, there is a wealth of economic knowledge and a solid technical foundation is difficult to complete the work. This cost Engineers put forward higher requirements.
Engineering cost control of core content is to be market-focused on cost control and management trends. The complexity of the construction project determines its pricing of multiple times, and the construction process that corresponds to the various stages of the construction cost is dynamically reflects the project's total cost. Especially in the project implementation phase, due to external conditions change, the design phase is not thoughtful factors are often exposed to lead design changes that cost too. This requires the construction cost engineer for projects in research and analysis in a timely manner, and to take corrective measures, the smooth implementation of the objectives. This phase is the highest concentration of cost control process. Cost engineer's work should also be completed at this time.