【 Weak current College 】 based on telecommunications networks in the home gateway

First, the home networking and home gateway overview
　　
Home Gateway (HomeGateWay) also known as RG resident gateway, is the realization of various devices within the home network and the external device to communicate with the device, and is home networking in the core components. Through the device in the home network, and interact with information telecommunication networks, or you can conduct an internal device information interaction. Home Gateway within the family to establish a unified data processing centre, on the data within the family, the external connection operator network. RG Forum organized on a residential gateway is defined as: a simple, smart, standard, flexible throughout the home network interface unit, you can select from various external network receive traffic signal, the signal is passed through a home network to all devices.
　　
Next generation network (NGN) is a business-driven networks. The family currently used to consolidate multiple digital application device access home gateway's award-winning attention. Its driving forces on the one hand comes from the user's business requirements, on the other hand is carrier of all ages.
　　
To the user, along with high-speed broadband Internet access and home PC's popularity, more and more digital multimedia devices such as notebook computers, mathematics, TV, mobile, fixed line, as well as other consumer electronic products, it is often necessary to at the same time by different network access to the Internet. At the same time, a user on network quality cheap service, such as Bluetooth VoIP phone services, business services, IPTV makes home gateway application is launched automatically. Home gateway allows users to easily set up a home network, intelligent connections, and to facilitate the management of the family and outside the network and multimedia equipment.
　　
On operators, the residential gateway is upgrading its business on individual user penetration best weapon is its access network extensions and extension. Through a home gateway, operators can shorten the distance with the users themselves to facilitate new business and value-added business expansion. Home gateway can make operators from past the "last mile" to today's "last ten meters". In addition, due to the mobile network to fixed network operators to block the alternative, fixed-line operators will actively promote the FMC. FMC as its out optimization tool. FMC's Fusion for three levels of integration, including the integration of the Terminal side. Fixed and mobile networks of fusion, FMC systems require extensive home gateway terminal equipment. This will further contribute to home gateway standard promulgated and technology matures. United Kingdom and France Telecom Telecom BT FT business of FMC is a typical family network guanchenggong commercial cases. Therefore, you can view the family network is a fusion of the network, which combines fixed and mobile network.
　　
Second, the residential gateway reference model
　　
Based on the telecommunications network of home gateway must have two main features is the ability to provide broadband access and IP-based data processing. Home gateway is in the Centre of the home network, so in addition to meet user needs to consider its flexible extensibility. This can ensure that users of investment, but also to meet evolving business needs. Family network should include the following network entities: network access functional entity (NAE), responsible for the end of the access technology; home network core functional entity (HCE), is responsible for completing the core family networking features, including the networking of domestic devices, remote management, QoS, security, etc.; function processing entity (FPE) non-IP/IP conversion, as well as the signaling and media format conversion; user terminal functions, entity (EUTE) used directly by the user, provide a user interface (UI). The physical device on your home network can be divided into 4 categories: access network terminal equipment, home gateway, adapter device, user terminal equipment. Which adapter device complete non-IP devices to IP network transformation access feature.
　　
Home Gateway provides business has the following categories:
　　
(1) broadband access of family communication within the family and family communication is the most basic services, including telephone services, such as fixed telephone, VoIP, mobile phone, PHS and other voice calls. According to its characteristics, communication is mainly divided into family communication between internal members, family and the outside world of communication.
(2) the family entertainment and information services home entertainment is the telecom operator's expansion in the area of traditional communications. With IT vendors, appliance manufacturers, as well as radio and TV content providers with home entertainment further Telecom information delivery capabilities. Information business mainly meet family members on the domestic and external demand, and obtained through a variety of convenience for business and personal gain.
(3) Home Office with remote access to corporate networks and home office environments through the arrangement of fax machines, network printers and other equipment, using teleconferencing telephone immediately Coordination Office involved in the enterprise.
(4) the smart home service realization of intelligent home has far exceeded the scope of the telecommunications field, currently the biggest difficulties are not technical factors, but require different industry manufacturers coherence, concerted efforts to accelerate the development process.
　　
From the application point of view home gateway should have two basic functions: connect all external public networks and family as a bridge between the internal network; enable users in the family can get all kinds of family services platform. Logically home gateway should include three functions: access features, business and administrative functions. From function can be seen in home gateway basic requirements: access on must have the Wan side of the interface and the LAN-side interfaces; on the business function must have a voice, data, and other business support capacity and application scalability; management functions must provide end-to-end security guarantee, provide QoS based on business level as well as remote management. Therefore, you can set the home gateway as several functional modules, access function module mainly for home networking and telecom network connection; networking module mainly for homeDivision of internal users the connection between the terminal equipment; transfer function module mainly for home networking equipment and telecommunications networks IP packet transmission; core functional modules, including the address of the function, QoS capabilities, security features, remote management capabilities, local management capabilities, including the address function main realization residential gateway to obtain its own IP address, as well as support for families to obtain an IP address inside the Terminal, the QoS feature is intended to achieve more business flow processing and forwarding of the classification, main security features to prevent the external network to access the home network and the internal network of illegal access, remote management, mainly for operators on home gateway for remote management and control, such as the Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) method TR069 network management technology, local management main home gateway log on locally; manage and control business function modules and public telecommunication network business implementation-dependent. Business, its features are associated with specific business.
　　
3. home gateway technology
　　
Home gateway technology mainly access technology, QoS policies, security, management, and module integration and price/performance ratio. 1. the home gateway access technology
　　
Home Gateway must support both WAN and LAN access. Current home gateway uplink unified interface and specification standards are under development, but also need to determine a lot of open optional technology. For the purposes of the access technology, xDSL and fibre technology is preferred, and future trends in home network to enable wuxianhua based on wireless LAN Wi-Fi or Bluetooth technology should also be widely used. The user can select a home wireless network with wired access this traditional model. In addition, access technology also need to consider is and 3 g network as well as the combination of the post and 3 g network. Current European research on some carriers are integrated into the home network UMTS network, as an extension of the 3 g network. Each home gateway is similar to a simplified small micro-cell. Through a dedicated access channel 3 g network (EVDO, WCDMA or HSDPA), to provide any type of cellular services, such as voice, Internet access, downloading, IPTV, etc. Through wireless access to the network, overcome TD-SCDMA 2GHz frequency of fading, the residential gateway as a small "base station". At the same time, due to interference environment confined to relatively small areas, the use of HSDPA and EVDO technology can achieve several Mbit/s transfer rate. The benefits of doing so on the one hand, you can do to overcome TD-SCDMA walking mobile fading, networking of complex issues; on the other hand mobile communication terminal does not need to dual-mode terminal can also use the indoor and outdoor 3 g wireless network. At the same time, the home gateway also requires integration within a variety of network connectivity technologies such as WLAN, Ethernet and UWB, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, and so on.
　　
2. home gateway QoS policy, management and security
　　
Home gateway is an advanced integrated gateway and to implement integrated collaboration home network, a necessary requirement for a uniform set of QoS policy. The individual elements of the home network, including gateway, family terminal devices, network nodes, while supporting such a set of hierarchical QoS structure. From the horizontal level, in order to work together, within and outside the network need to provide a mapping of QoSWAN/LAN; from a vertical perspective, access network and upper-layer protocols need QoS interface and collaboration. At the same time, due to the different business needs after a home gateway, how complex networking mode, distinguish between different business flow, on different priority business streams appropriate scheduling on QoS offers very high requirements. Home gateway as part of the operator's network, you must have the remote control, remote monitoring, remote setting, etc. Home network management including the gateway's own management, gateway connection device management and zero-touch service of plug. Home Gateway management want users to participate in the less the better. Current remote management protocol primarily TR069 and simple network management protocol (SNMP), management systems based on TR069 will gradually become mainstream. At the same time, as a family unit connection broadband network, residential gateway to protect the security of your home network, so the heavy responsibility, the gateway must possess anti-hacking, intrusion prevention capabilities. Home gateway security primarily from three aspects to consider: device security, personal information management and information control filtering.
　　
3. home gateway module integration and price/performance
　　
Applied to the different occasions of home gateway represents the different types of products to meet specific needs, such as cable modems, set-top box, etc. combined with broadband modem to provide some of the specialized services of special family devices. Home gateway should integrate different types of applications, but because of external access network of the different characteristics, different service providers of different business models, as well as issues related to business, residential gateway unified solution cannot be reached within a short period of time. Telecom carrier development home gateway the biggest problem is how to integrate the modules to meet the needs of different users. Home gateway, but how on-demand, adapt to business development and rich demand also challenges the carriers existing operational mode. Therefore, the primary domestic business development presupposes resolve home gateway personalized questions, how to minimize the module combinations to meet the needs of most users. In addition, the residential gateway is facing the most significant issue is the demand and the balance between price, operators want the device to provide as many features to facilitate business and hoped that the lower the prices for the better, but the manufacturer's price far exceeded the expectations of the operators. But there is reason to believe that as a gateway to family and family network-related standards, individual manufacturers for product-related functionality to a common understanding, to produce cost-effective and feature-rich home gateway, in promoting and training of operators, the home network will quickly become a telecom business revenue in part to open the win-win situation.
　　
IV.Home Gateway prospect
　　
With the rise of home networking, home gateway's research work is in full swing. As has been the lack of uniform standards, appropriate product performance, restricted the home gateway for further development. Therefore need to refine and modify home gateway standard, through the industry chain are in different sectors of manufacturers promote, home gateway mature applications will be just around the corner.
　　
The rise of the family network, its core is a residential gateway. Development of home gateway helps operators mining access portal value, creating comprehensive competitive advantage. The entire Telecom business operational value chain, operators should be from the original simple access to integrated information services. Next generation networks and convergence of the three networks is the trend, home gateways and carriers provide service, provides the integration will bring home more comfortable, efficient, convenient and safe, thus forming a complete set of family information service system. Home gateway, already with faint show new Regal posture.