【 Weak current College 】 what is home intelligent?

With the acceleration of the information society, people work, live and communications, information increasingly closer. Information society in changing people's lifestyle and work habits, but also to the traditional challenges of housing, social, technical and economic progress more people's concept of changes. The requirements of the home has long since not only is the physical space, more attention is a safe, convenient, comfortable home environment.

This article from the six areas detail home intelligent words of system components, home wiring system, home security systems, remote metering systems, home appliances and home automation system and other information services.

1 House composed of an intelligent system

The so-called intelligent family is through home intelligent management system facilities for family safe, comfortable, information exchange and communication skills. Home intelligent system consists of the following three aspects:
(1) domestic security (HS);
(2) family of automation (HA);
(3) communications (HC) family.
In building home intelligent system, pursuant to the relevant standards in China, presented the following basic requirements:
(1) in the bedroom, living room, a room set cable TV socket;
(2) in the bedroom, study room, living room, room settings information outlets;
(3) should set the visitors on peace building, entrance door control device;
(4) shall be set up in the kitchen; gas alarm device
(5) should set the emergency call for help button;
(6) to set the water meters, electricity meters, gas meters, heating (heating area) the automatic measurement of remote devices.

2 home wiring system

For a smart House needs a capable of supporting voice/data, multimedia, home automation, security, and many other applications of this system wiring system, is also intelligent house wiring system.

2.1 standardization issues
The so-called smart residential refers to a variety of information related to the residential equipment through the domestic network and maintain these devices and domestic coordination, thus building a comfortable living space, information technology to meet people in the information society in a fast paced and openness of living. Achieving safe, comfortable, efficient, energy saving, environmental protection and human requirements. But smart residential wiring is Unicom these devices network the nervous system. Because intelligent residential exist objectively of the market, manufacturers have introduced various application suitable for home cabling products and solutions, so that there is an urgent need to have a home wiring standards to adapt to the constant development of new technology, that is, the TIA/EIA-570A-home telecommunications cabling standard (ResidenTialTelecommuuicationCableStandard) the criteria taken into account the Telecom, video, home electronics, and other aspects of the application of the requirements for a new generation of intelligent residential wiring products and systems.
TIA/EIA-570A includes the standard purpose, scope, home wiring level, a single residential wiring specification as well as more than one household or community wiring infrastructure, etc.

2.1.1 standards applicable scope
TIA/EIA-570A standards apply to the current complex cabling standards and structures for the pipeline, space standards that support different types of applications in the home environment. Standards including the Interior wiring and Interior trunk cabling requirements.

2.1.2 standard
TIA/EIA-570A's main purpose is to give the next generation of home wiring now and the future of telecommunications services. Standard key for a new level of home wiring and the establishment of basic standards for wiring media and standards requirements, mainly applied to support voice, data, video, video, multimedia, home automation systems, environmental management, security, audio, probe alarm and radio services.

2.1.3 home wiring level
According to TIA/EIA-570A standard, raised two levels. That is:
(1) class a;
(2) level II.
Grade a telecommunications services provided to meet the minimum requirements of the general wiring system. This level provides telephone, CATA, and data services. Grade a major use of twisted-pair cable, the network topology for the star join. Accordingly, the level of the minimum requirements for a wiring to a root four pairs of unshielded twisted pair (UTP), and must meet or exceed TIA/EIA-568A developed three types of cable transmission requirements, and a 75 Ω coaxial cable. So that they can easily upgrade to level II, it is recommended to install the CA + 5 unshielded twisted pair (UTP).
Level II to meet the advanced telecommunications services such as multimedia universal cabling system, it can support current and also in the development of telecommunications services. Level II minimum requirements for a root or root four pairs of unshielded twisted pair (UTP), and must meet the TIA/EIA-568A requirements of category 5 cable transmission requirements, as well as one or two 75 Ω coaxial cable. In addition, it can also select the fibre, its characteristics must meet or exceed ANSI/ICEAS — 87 — 640 of transmission requirements.

2.2 wiring media
According to the current application types to distinguish between a smart home major telecom service applications include three types of wiring:
(1) information class wiring;
(2) control wiring;
(3) household electronics and home entertainment distribution.
From here, the intelligent residential wiring can have the following three types of media:
(1) twisted-pair cable;
(2) fibre;
(3) coaxial cable
In the practical implementation of the process, user wiring media and information outlets 5 products are recommended. Socket panel can implement a combination of multimedia module. Data, voice, using RJ45, according to the different needs of users can be selected-port, dual or Quad Port socket. For CATA you can use a 75 Ω coaxial cable.

2.3 residential cabling systems
Residential cabling systems typically include the following three parts:
(1) workspace;
(2) level of the area;
(3) the management zone.
In addition, for multi-story buildings or building, the system also includes building wiring route the wiring section with the community.

2.3.1 workspace
The main residential area by the Panel and socket module. All in the family room installation of socket can choose different types of modules, such as 5 class module, TV module, optical fiber module, the audio module, etc. In addition, according to the requirements of different pattern matching, such as the British Panel, American, 86-type,-port, dual-port, three, four panels, etc.

2.3.2 level area
Domestic level area mainly consists of various cables. According to the standards, different 570A applications using different wiring media. For voice system cable selection meets ANSITIA/EIA standard 3 or 5 unshielded twisted pair (UTP), but it is recommended that you use category 5 cable.
Used to transmit data that complies with the standards of ANSITIA/EIA-586A UTP category 5.
For a antijamming communication bandwidth or higher, you can use cable as a transport medium.
Video signal transmission with 75 Ω coaxial SCTEEPS-SP-001 cables, coaxial cables because without expensive adapter that can meet the requirements of users on broadband, but also can save the user's investment.

2.3.3 management area
Management zone is made up of different series of installed modules, it is a system of distribution centres, it is equipped with high speed and high quality wiring module and cable jumpers for different family provides voice, data, security, image and video applications. All services are connected to each room communications outlets/panels, but wiring Center brings together the indoor/outdoor voice, data, images, signal, and simple to connect the device, such as telephone, computer, fax machine, TV, etc.
Home wiring Center (wiring box) generally installed in every household, the location can be installed under the entire residential area of planning and external line access path to change.
Distribution Center with optional main parts are:
(1) module Board: phone module Board, 5 types of module Board, 110 distribution frame, video splitter, monitoring alarm module
(2) jumper: 5 class jumper, jumper video coaxial;
(3) equipment: Ethernet hubs, video amplifier.
The user can according to household type and requirements, selection of different specifications of wiring boxes with different functional modules.

2.3.4 building cabling
For multi-story buildings or buildings, in addition to the residential unit wiring system of the workspace, horizontal area, management zone, you need to put the home unit wiring is connected to the building management Center main area and the whole building wiring system of the main management areas.
Building wiring uses a star topology, including the use of media and 75 Ω coaxial cable UTP. Its wiring level according to the specific circumstances of the case, whether you want to use that one level of the programme, in a residential households set up a multimedia wiring system wiring box, it can put the intra-household distribution cable box and building intermediate wiring boxes and the community's main distribution frame. According to the different community planning, you can choose 1-2 root 5 unshielded twisted pair and 1-75 Ω coaxial cable 2 root line home. You can select the trunk wiring scheme for each stair units or a building set an intermediate wiring boxes.
Each building should have wiring, wiring set between the appropriate number of optical fiber distribution frame and large logarithms twisted-pair wiring rack and CATV amplifier allocator, to connect trunk and user workspace, all devices are placed in a wall mounted or vertical cabinets. Typically, the size of the Cabinet is 19 inches.

2.3.5 community trunk wiring
In a smart residential wiring system, trunk system consists of two parts:
(1) residential floor, between the main line wiring;
(2) residential building trunk wiring.
Typically, a star topology of connection, the transmission medium including optical cable, UTP, coaxial cable. Need to use a pipe or hose protection, selection of RJ45 jack and high-frequency connection module and provides fibre interface and other functional modules of wiring devices.
For the community's main line in each building set an intermediate distribution companies on the basis of the backbone connection between by building community (Park), the main distribution center.
Community of the trunk is generally recommended cable for data transmission, voice transmission using large log-UTP, video transmission using 75 Ω coaxial cable.
Main harness room generally installed in the community, depending on the application of wuyeguanlizhongxin is different, the choice of copper cable distribution frame, coax wire, and mixed-fiber distribution frame.

2.4 home wiring system components
Home wiring system in addition to the transmission medium, you need a combination of other wiring parts to solve all of the application of the residential environment.

2.4.1 information socket module series
(1) RJ45 jack module
RJ45 module must conform to the ISO/IEC11SCI, TIA/EIA-568 international standards, one end for terminating 8 cores twisted-pair UTP, RJ45 connector at the other end is used to connect to data communication equipment
(2) cable TV socket module
Cable TV socket module is a cable TV coax transmission interface, you can apply to a satellite TV and security system, the installation method is equivalent to the RJ45 jack module. Its performance shall be in compliance with the 30-1000MHz sound and television signals by cable distribution system of performance indicators
(3) telephone socket module
Telephone socket module used for voice communications, the second core wiring moduleOne end is spinning, then type terminal specifications for termination and the other end of the cable to RJ12 connector, for connecting the telephone/fax facilities shall comply with the requirements of Telecom access. Its installation is RJ45 jack module
(4) ST fiber module
For fiber to the desk and high speed communications applications, and ST head matches the coupler. Its installation is equivalent to RJ45
(5) SC fiber module
And ST fiber module similar to that used with SC matching coupler
(6) audio and video modules
Audio and video module is mainly used for household applications, music system with standard RCA or s-video socket installation class with the RJ45
(7) audio wiring module
Audio wiring module as an audio interface module, you can use in the home music system, its biggest advantage is the configuration of the audio position much more flexibility.

2.4.2 information outlet Panel
Information outlet Panel and different module combinations available to residential customers provide the most flexible application, smooth and simple design for the decoration of all the family.
Information outlet Panel from look can be divided into single-port, dual-port and four panels, etc.

2.4.3 home wiring box
Home wiring box also known as the home multimedia wiring box, it is a family of intelligent wiring systems is also the core, the family and external network connection to the demarcation point. It centralizes House various weak electricity system wiring management device, in the box on the installation configuration of various modules, as families with voice, data, security, image, application service.
Home wiring box including wiring box box, function modules in two parts.
(1) household wiring box box
Home wiring freezer typically installed in line with the electrical specifications of grounding, and equipped with cable management binding and thread management line hole.
At present, the market provide wiring box box under home scale can be divided into: mini, standard, enhanced, and so on. You can also match user selected functional modules of the quantity and the actual needs for special design.
(2) of the function module
① household Integrator (HUB) module
Household integrated module provides a 10MbPS Ethernet port, a power outlet, and status LEDs. The module is compliant with IEEE802.3 hub part specification, with the automatic port monitoring and automatic polarity correction for working groups or families with non-managed network last stage solutions;
② voice/data module
This module provides 8 port RJ45 module that can provide data transfer of transfer and transfer of speech signal transmission. Its transmission characteristics consistent with TIA/EIA-568 standards;
③ 50 to 110 distribution frame
Provides 2 25 on 110-card-type distribution frame.
④ the security surveillance terminal module
Typically provide the Terminal with coaxial connector, as families access control, intrusion and security monitoring equipment indirectly points in the system. When you need an outlet, do a connector and screw to coaxial connector, and then pulled away, cited the need to get home. When you need to use the wire transfer, in the bottom of the line connector plugged in, the user simply connects the device to the top of wiring;
⑤ CATV distributor
The allocator has 5MHz ~ 1000MHz sound and standard TV signal distribution system.

2.4.4 multimedia middleware wiring box
According to the standard design of the intermediate ISO11801 transfer wiring box, the capacity is divided into four lines and 125 250 four-wire, etc., and provide a clear, dark installation methods.

2.4.5 multi-media indoor wiring box
Internal can install Ethernet switch, power supply module photoelectric conversion, etc.

2.5 typical home wiring system

3 home security system

Home security system includes the following content:
Door contact switch, emergency, smoke detection and alarm, gas leak alarm system, broken glass detection alarm, infrared and microwave detection alarm, etc.

3.1 monitoring points settings
Home security system design time, it is first necessary to determine the detectors placed where more appropriate, then you need to determine what probes more appropriate.
(1) entrance guard: in a residential entrance gate, attempted to install door sensor through the gate invasion residential event alarm;
(2) external prevention: balcony with screen curtain infrared/microwave detector sh, window glass break detector, on the balcony and Windows from illegal intrusion alarm residential events;
(3) internal prevention: living room with spherical infrared/microwave detector sh, provides residential building internal plane and space exploration, to enter the protection zone of illegal event alarm;
(4) emergency and alarm: bedroom, emergency button installed when the robbery of emergency may be pressing the distress signal;
(5) through the installation of gas detectors on home alarm abnormal odour.

3.2 system requirements
As a smart home security system, typically has the following requirements:
(1) computer management;
(2) system required networking;
Through the installation of detectors at home and the alarm communication host, on residential security precautions. The warning occurs, the probe will detect the alarm number passed to alarm communication host, the host to determine and confirm the transfer by bus to the central alarm computer center management through answers alarm the computer to respond to the warning, reached on properly in illegal intrusion prevention purposes.
Residential alarm network connections:
(1) indoor connections: the detector and alarm communication between hosts connections, to avoid interference during transmission and false negatives and false positives, requires a single connection;
(2) outdoor connection methods:Fruit with guest speaker-system, in order to avoid a repeat of the outdoor portion of the cloth, wiring, and visitors to speaks system shared bus.

3.3 system structure
(1) the public network can be: PSTN public telephone networks, broadband access network, community property network;
(2) bus add-in meeting Terminal: also known as bus terminal, usually it has the following features: via twisted pair or RS-485 and community management center to join; a beep, Central automatically helps save information as well as send and receive information of property management; to cut off the automatic alarm; can hook various functional modules that implement functionality extensions;
(3) alarm hub also known as the alarm set line terminal, usually it should have the following features: with separate external alarm detectors into the port, you can set separate zone; to drive external sirens, built-in pre alarm buzzer; multiple ports to set different alert types; arbitrary choice of high level/low level trigger (or open/short circuit alarm).

4 three-meter distance measurement system

Three table (or four tables, five tables) remote metering system in residential smart system is closely linked with the household an intelligent system. Three table remote metering system can generally be divided into four sections: front-end data acquisition device, data acquisition and processing equipment, transmission lines, Center control platform.

4.1 front-end data acquisition device
Front-end data acquisition device refers to a pulse or signal output for water meters, electricity meters, gas meters and metering equipment. Classification from the sensor can be divided into: Reed pipe-and Hall element type.

4.1.1 Reed pipe type
Do a Reed pipe-type sensor is in the ordinary dial count meter or gas table equipped with a Reed pipe and magnets, Reed pipe fixed near the count wheel, permanent magnet is installed in the count (e.g., "0.01m3) bit fooled turntable each one permanent magnets after Reed pipe once the signal-to-end produces a metering pulses corresponding 0.01m3.

4.1.2 Hall element type
Hall element type's basic principle is that in ordinary turntable count meter or gas table equipped with Hall element and magnets, which constitute the conversion based on magnetic sensor technology. Hall element fixed installed in permanent magnet near the count wheel installed in count (e.g., "0.01m3) bit fooled turntable each one permanent magnets after Hall elements once, at a signal-to-end measurement of pulse corresponding 0.01m3.
The second front-end data collector are permanent magnets through the sensor, since the effect of magnetic field produces suction make Reed pipe or Hall element closed magnetic pulse or occurrence occurred converting emit pulses. Therefore, the accuracy of remote metering system is entirely dependent on the accuracy of the pulse number. In a real project of remote meter, remote gas meter pulse high accuracy. Meter will not then make satisfactory reasons mainly has the following two aspects:
(1) do a Reed pipe quality;
(2) water pipes in the hammer throw a lot of new Pulse (increasing pulse).

4.2 data acquisition unit
In the three tables in the remote metering system, the data collector treatment devices typically have two
(1) single-chip;
(2) LonWorks technology.

4.3 transmission line
Three table remote metering and smart system of transmission lines can be divided into
(1) bus transport, such as RS-485 bus, independent wiring;
(2) power line carrier transmission, because our power grid during the transmission of data by radio signals, electromagnetic signal and pulse signal interference, led transmit data wrong code, throw code from time to time, to power line carrier as a three-meter distance measurement system of the transmission line is also not very fit.

4.4 Center control platform
Residential district three table remote metering system Center control platform is known as a means of wuyeguanlizhongxin computer. Property Center computer to accept all family of intelligent Terminal acquisition, measurement data from power management software for processing, output measurement results, meter reading, billing, service of payment guidelines. As property, usually the central computer Windows interface, its schematic as shown in Figure 4.

5 household automation system
The so-called home automation refers to the family electrical devices, such as audio, televisions, water heaters, air conditioners, microwave ovens, and lighting equipment, etc., through a centralized, remote control and remote control adjustment of Allograft for these appliances device status monitoring, control and regulation.
With the development of science and technology, the realization of the family electrical equipment Automation methods and solutions is growing. This section of the described is based on family power bus network design of domestic intelligence system of household appliances, automation systems, its best feature is that leverages existing home network resources, do not need to pass through the holes separate wiring, installation is simple, simply replace the system of functional Terminal ordinary switch, outlet, connect the power line can be used, and the system is available through different interfaces (gateway) Terminal and a variety of external networks, such as public telephone, LAN and Internet network in the community, etc.

5.1 system structure
Home automation system mainly consists of the following:
(1) system platforms;
(2) transmission network;
(3) electrical control subsystem;
(4) onsite charged electrical equipment.

5.1.1 system operating platform
Household electrical equipment-control platforms should have the diversity, but also simple convenience, meet the requirements of the different families. At present, often by platform are:
(1) mobile phone (cell phone);
(2) fixed telephone;
(3) personal computer;
(4) residential district administration Center.

5.1.2 transmissionNetwork
System transport networks are the following:
(1) the public telephone network;
(2) broadband access network;
(3) community property network.

5.1.3 electric control subsystem
Electrical control subsystem includes: network interface Terminal, computer interface terminals, telephone interface Terminal, bus interface Terminal, remote controller or switch control terminals, outlets, control terminals, infrared control Terminal.

5.2 electrical control subsystem application functionality
Household appliances control subsystem is home automation system core, depending on the control of different objects and functionality can be divided into:
(1) electrical switch control. Including: electric, electric fans, electric heating, electric water vapor, etc.;
(2) infrared remote sensing. Infrared remote control objects are: TV sets, air conditioners, camera, remote controlled curtains, etc.;
(3) Electronics program control, can be divided into timing control, procedures for mutual control and simulation control.

5.2.1 bus interface Terminal
Bus interface terminal by RS-485 or twisted-pair network with community management centre, its main features include:
(1) to the Central Administration automatically alarm, turn information and receiving property management information;
(2) disconnection alarm;
(3) hook functions module implements the functionality of the system.
5.2.2 telephone interface Terminal
Telephone interface Terminal should have the remote computer systems (Central Administration) networking functionality, you must have the standard telephone network (PSTN) interface and dual tone multi-frequency (DTMF) auto-send and receive signals, use of indoor and machine phone various system settings and control, and so on, can be controlled via an outside phone. In addition, telephone interface Terminal should be issued with automatic paging, DTMF and voice alarm SMS, break alarm.

5.2.3 infrared remote control Terminal
Infrared remote control Terminal should have the following features:
(1) have household IR remote sensor of the learning function, can learn a number of remote sensing remote control instructions;
(2) there are several ways to control Terminal issued any IR instruction, on household appliances for infrared remote control;
(3) to hook various functional modules implement the functionality of the system.

5.2.4 RC receiver module and remote control
If you use remote control on home appliances for cloth/disarm, must be in the system increases the remote control receiver module. Remote control receiver module should have the following features
(1) can receive radio remote controls and wireless detectors of the directive;
(2) to respond to the system;
(3) shall have the status indication;
(4) the storage system operator password;
(5) an emergency alert should be triggered by proofing capabilities.
The remote control to the cloth/disarm, with emergency call capabilities, and remote control receiver module, effective distance for 100m.

6 home information services
Network information service system is to provide high-quality community of residents 10 m above the bandwidth of the network access services, such as WWW browsing, VOD, e-mail, e-commerce, online chat, online games, distance learning, telemedicine, culture, entertainment, and other unique information service.
Information service system by Intranet community network and dedicated line access Internet second-part, it is the core of a computer network, smart cabling, backbone fiber, the building uses twisted-pair category 5, the family adopted family bus system for wiring, making community backbone speeds up to 1000Mbps, each information point reached 100Mbps. The so-called Gigabit to the floor, 100 m to the home, phone, TV, computer integrated communication and information exchange. When each information point reaches 100 Gigabit speeds, you can achieve all of network applications, the entire community of information sharing.
The following is only for Internet services and broadcast services for VOD sites.

6.1 Internet service
Common Internet services are the following: dial-up Internet access, ISDN (first pass) Internet access, ADSL Internet access.

6.1.1 dial-up Internet access
Dial-up Internet access is a normal user the broadest range of Internet access, dial-in addition to the need for a computer equipped with Win98 PC, you also need a computer with a modem (Modem). Modem's role is to input and output signals for analog computer/digital conversion.
Modem can be divided into the built-in Modem and an external Modem. Built-in Modem is a circuit board that is installed on the computer's idle slot. And external Modem with shell and LEDs, you also need an external power supply. It is set in the chassis, through cable and connected to the host. Therefore, when installing an external Modem to Modem data port, and host of idle serial communications port used to connect the dedicated cable. Whether it be internal or external Modem, has a second phone line Jack and a mark as a "Line" and the other labeled "Phone", in connection with the phone, the Bureau's telephone line-terminating "Line", his own phone termination "Phone".
Installed Modem driver, and then on network communication protocol (TCP/IP) settings, install the "dial-up networking" and configure the "dialer", you can dial-up Internet access. It can include information browsing (WWW), remote login (Telnet), file transfer (FTP), electronic mail (E-Mail), newsgroups (newsgroup), electronic bulletin board (BBS), GOPher, etc.
Dial-up Internet access rates and the selected Modem transfer rate.

6.1.2ISWebsite DN
ISDN IntegratedServiceDigitalNetwork vulgar "one line".
Dial-up Internet access, analog signals during the transfer process is vulnerable to static electricity and noise, resulting in a high error rate. And integrated services digital network ISDN is an enterprise of a digital network, the digital signal transmission quality is good, lines and high reliability. ISDN line typically 2B + D mode. The "2B + D" refers to two basic digital B channel (each B channel rate 64Kbps) and a control number D channel (16Kbps). It is this 2B digital channel, to a maximum of 128Kbps Internet, you can also rate edge Internet edge 64Kbps telephone.
ISDN hardware installation and basic Modem installation, it TA (terminal adapter/adaptor cards) and Modem is also divided into internal and external. But the ISDN user-end an NT (network Terminal), it is connected to the Central Office line and between TA. General ISNN connection structure is as follows:
Central Office phone lines — NT — TA-PC.
In recent years as technological development, NT has integrated the functionality of the TA.

6.1.3ADSL Internet
ADSL (AsymmetricalDigtalSubscriberLOOP-asymmetric digital subscriber line loop), xDSL family, known as "modern information freeways, Express), has become one of the following Modem, ISDN, and later a new faster, more efficient access modes.
ADSL rate minimum is 512Kbps.
ADSL Internet access device requirements: more than one PC, 586 recommended configuration of memory, video card, the above 64M with graphics memory in 2M above network cards, ADLS terminal equipment, WIN98 and TCP/IP protocol.

6．2VOD（Video－on－Demand）
VOD, video on demand, this is the ADSL technology fast Internet access in the most direct evidence.
In use when you first use VOD VOD account dial-up connection, and then open IE, in the address bar enter the broadband Web site (such as Guangzhou broadband www.gz.supergnet.com) enters the broadband Home.
Watch movies using VOD is used in a dedicated video player program, you can download directly from the Web page. According to the prompt to enter on a Web page to the player download page, select your operating system downloads