【 Weak current College 】 urban disaster prevention management and intelligent building design

Summary: this article from the city's disaster management and development trends, described the city's disaster management and intelligent building relationships, thus noted smart necessity of building design, the intelligent building system integration is the realization of the intelligent construction the basic methods of disaster reduction, in the hope that can result in system integration design, design for disaster management.


Due to the proliferation of urban population, the rapid economic development of the human factors and natural factors disasters have become increasingly prominent, has become the city's economic development and improve people's quality of life of one of the main factors. In this situation, our country and in other developed countries have attached great importance to urban disaster prevention, mitigation of and reduction of administrative work. Urban disaster prevention management is both a door systems science, and a door practicality strong experience in science, including structural fit characteristics of urban development and disaster mitigation model is the smooth implementation of disaster management, expand the prerequisite and basis. Disaster management model is a highly complex, integrated in systems engineering, urban management, disaster management, system engineering a variety of disciplines, to administrative, professional and social, three types of disaster management system. For urban disaster characteristics, trends and the development of urban disaster reduction, of the inherent requirement of the cities of disaster management in the development of disaster occurrence and disaster reduction law fully understand the basis of rational choice and urban development to a certain size and stage of the objective requirements of the urban disaster reduction development trend. Intelligent building as a modern urban infrastructure and facilities, is the focus of urban disaster management. This article on urban disaster reduction work management and intelligent building relationships and intelligent building how to design to explore relevant issues.

1. the city of disaster management and intelligent building
With the continuous development of urban construction, disasters and accidents the emergence of new trends: first city in the major natural and man-made disasters and accident risks still exist, and some new disaster risks may also emerge: the original disaster hazard of connotation and denotation may continue to expand, intensify, and new-inducing factors is rendered (e.g., tall and high-rise buildings, underground space development, natural gas production and utilization, epidemic diseases, lightning on the intelligent buildings and facilities of hazards, etc): three man-made accident occurrences in disasters, disaster losses as a proportion of the increase. From urban disasters and present characteristics and trends analysis of the accident at the origin, manifestations, harm the object and the crash damage extent, and nature, technology and socio-economic system is very complex and intertwined in one, making any single, limited field of administrative and technical management tools are unable to cope with, must require comprehensive disaster management means to effectively prevent and respond to disasters. From the present situation of urban disasters and trend analysis, senior and the rapid development of ultra-high-rise buildings has become a new-inducing factors and the development of important implications for disaster. Therefore, the intelligent building disaster prevention and preparedness, and disaster management will become an urban disaster prevention, mitigation and management of one of the important content, city disaster prevention, mitigation and management emergency command system, you can put some large intelligent building control system and station, dock, subway, airport entrance to the city's emergency command center. On important, large, high-level intelligence architecture as urban disaster prevention and mitigation, prevention and reduction of the important objective of strengthening the urban disaster control in real-time.

2. the intelligent building and disaster management and design of necessity
2.1 large building in disaster and several forms of performance
(1) natural disasters
Lightning, earthquake, external factors arise suddenly, the water supply; gas pipeline rupture caused by harmful gas leakage power supply line caused by fire, aging aging equipment fault accidents, Elevator trapped people: floods: infectious disease epidemics, etc. belong to natural disasters.
(2) human accident
Human-caused by fire, theft of damage caused by the bad guys: power failure, shut off, the leakage of hazardous gases, explosive: improper operation caused by the spread of equipment failure.
(3) hybrid accident hazards
Design and mismanagement due to fire, explosion, power failure, shut off, harmful gases, liquid leakage; equipment failure caused by the disaster.
2.2 intelligent building necessity of disaster management
(1) social development needs of urban construction-inducing factors because of overlapping, the collective urban disaster reduction is also reflected in the various disasters chain characteristics, when a disaster occurred, often occur in a series of derivative disaster, this phenomenon is known as the disaster in the chain. Urban population, architectural and economic factors of the same grade, high-casualty losses caused by increases than rural areas. Construction of intensive, large-scale construction of a large population, when a disaster occurs, is easily derived site disaster, could have the effect of the "zoom in" disaster. On the other hand, because of the urban economy powerful, determined the city disaster prevention resources and intellectual resources is very rich and very central to effective utilization, you can improve the overall mitigation, comprehensive benefits. Because of building intelligent systems exist, and consider a disaster management, but also to embody the urban disaster "zoom out" effect. Therefore, the intelligent construction must adapt to the needs of urban development, in the design, construction, and management of intelligent building management must be reflected and disaster reduction. As an urban disaster management unit, to work together through the community of the city as far as possible, implement disaster "narrow" effect.
(2) Intelligent architectural theory development needs
Although individual countries and regions on the intelligent architecture definition, but there is a basic common ground is the intelligent construction to provide a safe use, living and working environment. That is, the more secure environment provided, intelligent buildings, the better. So intelligent architecture design and management is the development of intelligent buildings.
(3) intelligent building and disaster management is a large building in disaster risk increasing need

　　3. the design of intelligent building and disaster management problems currently
3.1 disaster prevention and content design is not fully
The current design of intelligent building disaster prevention and primary consideration fire and theft damage, and other content, and the establishment of appropriate fire alarm system and the integrated security system. In recent years on lightning protection and earthing design also began the attention, but for unexpected disasters, lack of technical prevention and mitigation of security management, intelligent building design almost no such consideration and description.
3.2 disaster prevention system increase system linkage relationships are not clear
The intelligent construction, when a layer of fire, sudden power failures (or fire to cut off the layer power), the General design, suddenly, in order to prevent theft, access control system control door requirements is off. While there is a fire, to human life, requiring fire layer can get out of on-site personnel, the door to open. Because the system linkage design considerations, or not in the integrated system for comprehensive disaster management design, delays in response time, often affect emergency release preparation and building of managers do emergency scene processing. These is no disaster management, design, and the Emergency Center is not timely contact, building security personnel or property management personnel have not prepared, and so, delayed ambulance in real-time, the danger is even greater. There are other disaster management design, in the current when you consider intelligent building integration.

4. disaster prevention and management of intelligent building design basic meaning and method
4.1 disaster management design basic connotations
Intelligent building design connotation of disaster management theory, it is a systematic project, a joint process. It should be built into the platform, as the Foundation, including structure, systems, services and management of the entire process.
(1) the structure: start from building structures, construction earthquake resistance design, mine design, design and fire safety channel design.
(2) system: from the design of intelligent systems, fire alarm system, integrated security systems design, room lightning system, uninterruptible power supply system, sudden accident emergency command system, etc.
(3) service: from the service, including the provision of safe, comfortable, convenient and practical work, life, living environment, serving a wide range of information services, life services, advisory services, the provision of emergency assistance services.
(4) management: including construction, use, maintenance, system maintenance management, service, facilities and personnel management, disaster preparedness, disaster management, disaster mitigation and emergency relief. Essentially disaster management and intelligent building of the 4 basic elements are closely related. In this sense, the intelligent construction of disaster prevention and design is the intelligent construction the basic design of content, and intelligent building system integration is good or bad, is realization of system optimization, System linkage control, realization of system information, resource sharing, the ultimate realization of system integration up to 1 + 1-> 2 purpose and effect of the basic requirements.
4.2 intelligent building system integration is the basic method for disaster reduction
In the information age, information technology (IT) and building technology (BT) combines the intelligent building in disaster prevention and mitigation of effective medicine requires system integration technology to support. In addition to combining building technology to establish the necessary electronic technology systems, will put the system to play a comprehensive prevention benefits, does not establish an electronic system of disaster prevention. If suddenly shut off, power outages, harmful gas leakage, equipment failure derivative of sudden disasters, human, machine combined with comprehensive design for disaster, disaster prevention management. In intelligent building management system (IBMS) establish appropriate management response measures and model, and implementing and urban disaster emergency command center interoperability, interconnection, as urban disaster prevention and mitigation, prevention and relief of a node, make full use of the intelligent building integration system, this is currently implemented and intelligent building management one of the basic ways and means, so in intelligent building management system (IBMS) design, the design must be on disaster management.

5. strengthening of intelligent building design management and mitigation, adaptation of urban modernization, digitization, information needs
"10th five-year plan" period, our country has accelerated the city information, digital construction of intelligent building as city informatization, one of the digital basic cell, the smart building construction should adapt to this environment of urban development, the socialization of smart buildings. A few years ago, China some units has made a substantial investment, built many intelligent building and intelligent community, these works of construction while for our intelligent building career formation and development of the industry has played a significant role in promoting, but we should be more aware of the intelligent building is not only a building project, and is also a community project. Thus, in considering the issue of intelligent buildings, only from the basic theory of intelligent building to make research and system design is not enough. As a social engineering it needs and urban construction, development, and management concept and idea, smart buildings and cities of modernization, digitization, simultaneous development of informatization, intelligent building not only played a benefit, but also its own functions and urban development, play the role of intelligent building extension, generate more new features and applications. Intelligent building disaster management design and embodiment of urban disaster losses "zoom out" effect of urban disaster emergency command system design, intelligent building people's sense of security is, the greater community of intelligent building needs. In turn, further advancing the cause of intelligent buildings.