【 Weak current College 】 indoor water section III indoor water supply piping layout and wiring

First, the indoor water supply pipe pipeline layout 1. introducing-pipe layout
Building water service pipe from the water balance and water supply reliability considerations, to the maximum from building water consumption and do not allow the introduction of broken water Department. When building a comparative health appliances layout should be evenly in the introduction, in the middle of the building to reduce the pipe network to the most negative point of water, reduce the length of pipe head loss. The introduction of a pipe General settings, when the building is not allowed to stop water or indoor hydrant total in more than 10, you need to set two and should be made by the different urban ring network; if not introduced side may also be introduced with the side, but both into the pipe shall be not less than the distance between 10m, contacts between set valve.
Living water service pipe and sewage discharge pipe pipe of horizontal distance shall be not less than 1.0m.
Introducing tube through the load-bearing walls or Foundation, to set aside hole tube top upper reserved clearance shall not be less than the amount of settlement buildings, generally not less than 0.15m, and waterproof technology.
2. arrangement of indoor water supply piping
Indoor water supply piping layout and buildings, buildings, structures, and health equipment and production equipment layout and the water-supply mode, and should make full use of outdoor water supply network pressure. Piping arrangement should strive to achieve the shortest possible length of straight towards, and walls, beams and columns of the parallel laying, both in appearance and to consider the construction maintenance convenience.
Water and sewer water should be as close as possible to the largest equipment place or does not allow continuous supply of water to ensure a reliable supply of water, and reduce the flow of pipeline so that the transfer of large diameter pipe length min.
Indoor water pipes do not allow laying in drains, flue and air duct, is not allowed to pass through the toilet tank, window and wall cabinet, should be avoided as far as possible through the buildings of the settlement joint. 　　If you must go through when to take the appropriate measures. Second, indoor water system pipe laying indoor water supply pipe laying, construction on the health and beauty area requirements, divided into Ming installed and concealed two categories. (1) that installs
Pipe Interior along walls, beams, columns, ceiling and floor laying beside exposure. Ming installed pipe low cost, construction and installation, maintenance, repairs are more convenient. The disadvantage is that due to the pipe surface area of ash, produce condensing effects of environmental health, and Ming installed hinder housing. General civil buildings and most of the workshop are packed out.
(2) concealed
Pipeline laying in the basement ceiling or ceiling, or tube, pipe and tube ditch hidden installation. Concealed duct, the health conditions for the good, the room is beautiful. Standard high buildings, hotels, etc. are made of dark Pack; in industrial enterprises, some of the production process, such as precision instrument or electronic components clean and dust-free workplace requirements for indoor, also to adoption.　　Concealed disadvantage is cost, construction and maintenance are inconvenience. In addition to the separate laying of water pipeline, along with other pipe erection, considering security, construction and maintenance requirements, when parallel or crossover settings, on the pipeline between location, distances and fixed method should be called by the pipeline comprehensive integrated treatment.

【 Weak current College 】 commercial property in central air-conditioning management problems

Commercial property includes all types of commercial Plaza and the SHOPPINGMALL, due to the commercial property public facilities complete, annual public facilities energy consumption costs millions of dollars and even most of the tens of millions of dollars. Central air conditioning system as public facilities, an important part in the running water and electricity consumption is rather huge, control its running costs, and effectively handle the actual management of the different types of problems encountered, commercial property management is an indispensable part, especially on property rights, many formats of the commercial property concerned, particularly prominent.
The author according to Jiangsu Province first SHOPPINGMALL four years of management practice, central air conditioning system operating costs and related management work on this one.
A, central air conditioning running costs
Central air-conditioning system, due to the pipeline, cover, running costs are also higher. In the commercial property in central air conditioning system operating cost estimates, you should consider these factors:
1, electricity cost (K1, P1, P2)
Host (P1, K1)
According to the commercial property is equipped with air conditioning, power hosts, operating time, life cycle, electricity prices, the year in the summer and winter quarter running cost calculation, and then press a year 12 months on average, each month's average tariff P1.
In actual operation, since the host is not running at full capacity, depending on the circumstances, to take into account in the calculation of its load factor K1, K1 ≈ 0.6 ~ 0.9.
Auxiliary equipment (P2)
This mainly refers to the central air conditioning system of cooling towers, cooling pump, frozen pump, air handling units, air blower plate Tube, etc. According to the actual number of different types, and power, to estimate. Be aware that due to the different seasons, refrigeration and heating, the number and type of auxiliary equipment are also different.
2, water costs (P3)
Central air conditioning duct of circulating water, open cooling tower water for daily consumption, should be based on actual air-conditioning supply water consumption and the daily consumption of comprehensive daily normal.
3. steam cost (P4)
For steam as energy lithium bromide unit, in addition to the air conditioning system, electricity costs, but also the cost of using steam. According to each host in the consumption of steam per hour, per day, running time, steam unit price, the annual number of days, such as air conditioning run, calculate the average monthly cost of steam.
4. pipe loss (K2)
Heating and cooling in the central air conditioning pipe, due to the loss of turbulent airflow, wall losses and other loss arising out of the pipe to pipe loss coefficients K2, K2 ≈ 1.02 ~ 1.05.
5. pre temperature loss (K3)
Because of the differences, both inside and outside temperature pipe heating and cooling in the transportation process, in the pipe to after a period of warming up or cooling in order to reach a certain outlet temperature, heating and cooling in the transit of energy loss, loss of available pre warming K3, K3 ≈ 1.05 ~ 1.08.
Summer pre warming time with pipe lengths differ, typically in the 40 minutes, the winter temperature in the summer time in advance.
6, varying loss loss (K4)
Power transformer in the square of the loss and line loss should be shared by all users, to loss of line losses accounted for power supply of 1% ~ 3%, as a central air-conditioning system, the loss of their electricity costs, take varying loss coefficient K4 ≈ 1.01 ~ 1.03 consideration.
7, price differences (K5, K6)
In estimating the cost of electricity, the power of electricity around the attention and the lighting of the price differential, power electricity than lighting usually about 15%, it should be based on the actual price.
In addition, daytime peak periods and night-time lows in price are also different, the calculation should be based on the power to distinguish between different time periods, in this day and night price K5, K6, respectively.
8, cycle change
Since the year of the cycle in the air conditioning is concentrated mainly in the winter and summer quarter, both winter and summer air conditioning supply time and energy also have differences. Reaches of the Yangtze River, usually a year in addition to three, in April and November without air conditioning, a different month monthly energy are different, calculate the cost of central air conditioning run, taking into account the various changes of temperature throughout the year, according to the average monthly cost to owners charge more appropriate.
9, cost summary (P)
To p for the total cost of air conditioning run, taking into account the above factors, the air conditioning system operating costs can be expressed as follows:
P=K2K3K4（K5+K6）•（K1P1+K1P2+P3+P4）（1）
Second, the season and temperature changes
In the lower reaches of the Yangtze River (other places
Area according to the local realities of amendments), summer air-conditioning supply an average of five months, the winter about four months, depending on the total construction area of 7 million m2 of Yangzhou times square four years of actual statistics, if the annual average air conditioning supply cost price for units 1, throughout the different months, seasonal air conditioning the cost of different proportion as described in Figure 1.
Figure 1 shows, the central air conditioning energy consumption peak in summer 6 to September, the maximum cost is approximately 178% of average cost and the cost of air conditioning system is greater than the first half of the second half of the expenditure.
III. request air-conditioning costs
For a single property, commercial property, there is no need to distinguish between their own air conditioning and request air conditioning costs, but for many more formats and commercial property rights in the square, the cost calculation request air conditioning is a necessary and important work. Despite the closure of owner-occupied and open public portion has a partition, but because of cold and warm air flow and heat exchange, their own sites and publicSpace conditioning temperature will soon reach equilibrium. Therefore air conditioning use cost and space proportional to the volume size, according to owner-occupied sites and public parts of the respective area and storey, calculation of the volume, respectively, which determines the volume of public sites (including indoor Atrium, public housing, etc.) accounted for commercial property in proportion to the total volume of the room and thus preliminary determine the size of the request air conditioning costs. Here, the proportion with volume, on request air conditioning method of cost estimation for a discussion.
1. gas inhomogeneities
Due to differences in the nature of cold and warm air, has a warm up Cold reduced, while at the same time as the public part of the Atrium, etc., the space is large, it is difficult to balance the temperature, the temperature of the non-uniformity, in calculating the public parts of heating and cooling capacity, should consider the effect of inhomogeneity, here to influence coefficient K: K ≈ 0.75 ~ 0.95.
2. calculation procedure
① first basis as-built drawings of construction, and commercial properties of all indoor enjoy air conditioning parts of area and storey each field measurements, to have a change of the record, on the actual volume of the amendment, as the basis for statistics.
② the patched actual data filled in table 1.
③ owner-occupied and air-conditioning costs estimate request
A, owner-occupied air conditioning costs cost A (meta/m2) = p/s (σ σ S + F) 2600 × V/s Sigma (σ V + K & # 8226; Sigma G) 2005 (2)
B, air-conditioning costs, the cost of property request B ($/m2) = p/s (σ σ S + F) side-A (3)
④ usages
Times Square, fifth floor, an entertainment company, according to industry characteristics, developers according to the contract has not been installed in the Interior and are equipped with central air conditioning facilities, indoor air-conditioning installed separately by the owners, the indoor air conditioning costs are borne by the owners themselves. For request air conditioning costs, owners should pay, but requires the management company to make a reasonable charge basis, we will process the calculation and reporting to the landlord, the landlord accepted with pleasure.
IV. delayed air-conditioning costs
Delay air-conditioning costs means during normal business hours, as part of the owners or occupiers of the request, in addition to open the air-conditioning system.
Delay property in many air-conditioning costs multi-business commercial property is more frequent in use, such as Times Square in Yangzhou, because business management topics, in the shopping centre, close to continue using air conditioning to many businesses in the morning, early morning for supply air conditioning business.
Delay air-conditioning costs calculation, except under the actual power-on time, according to the first part of the content by one calculation air conditioning costs, but also need to consider the overtime staff overtime, i.e. management company overtime costs. Then apply for the use of time-lapse air conditioning owners enjoy the quantity and the actual area of indoor air conditioners and air conditioning fee calculated delay costs, delay applying to supply the owners or operators of air conditioning. Because individual post costs more, if owners are less or not using the area, the cost is relatively high.
5. Summary
Under four years of work in practice, commercial property management of the central air-conditioning several issues summary is as follows:
1, for a single property, commercial property, the calculation of air conditioning costs and fees of running, is an important basic work, due to the commercial property area, high energy costs, operating costs, such as the cost of inadequate or incorrect to workingout, the overall financial balance poses serious consequences of subversive, and should lead to managers at all levels.
2, for more rights, more formats of the commercial property concerned, since the owners of the business operation, the time difference is large, and the owners of earlier hardware conditions also vary, so the calculated owners or businesses of their own and request air conditioning costs, is putting the charges of an indispensable work.
3, multi-business commercial property, delay the emergence of air conditioning fee is a common scenario, because the construction of the early and late changes of investment, as well as different formats on central air conditioning needs,
Cause the air conditioning running costs increase, also increases the owners use cost. Change the status of the fundamental approach is to locate and navigate the introduction of the business of design, or business after moving in, depending on the situation on the air conditioning system for partial renovation. From the energy point of view, should avoid prolonged delay use air conditioning.
4, central air conditioning fee expenditures undulate throughout the year, reaching a peak in the summer, in the second half of the first half of the expenditure ratio by about 30% to 50%, for the purpose of improving cost control and charge, throughout the year shall be adjusted according to the average monthly price charge, end of year accounts.
Customers are the owners of God, the common position of the air conditioning is available for customers to enjoy, its cost sharing by the owners, the owners have reached a consensus. These approximate computation of air-conditioning, this article by volume ratio method is only one kind of reference only. On receipt of the request air-conditioning costs, according to different formats and different business realities and specific problems for accounting. At the same time, commercial premises, as the central air conditioning in the course of using, there are many kinds of loss, individual businessmen such as indoor air-conditioning meter and meter number separate air conditioning fee is not paid, the calculation should be uniform throughout the Plaza, in proportion to the total assessment, otherwise the other owners of these costs.

【 Weak current College 】 smart residential area of weak electricity system (below)

4. management system

Residential areas set wuyeguanlizhongxin, in order to facilitate the management, combined with the Security Center, property management including water electric automatic meter reading and billing system, parking management system, building automatic control system and automatic control system for electrical appliances.

4.1 road water electric automatic meter reading and billing

Automatic meter reading system consists of onsite data acquisition, Management Center management hosts and transmission cables. In the three tables a centralized location (such as a household) set up data collector, water meters, electricity meters, gas meters (should be electronic, preferably a digital meter) reading ready to collect and store in the memory, the data collector uses the bus and the central administration computer touch, Management Center to the vitality of billing, printing, or you can use the Bank's data network to the various functions of management, the realization of electronic automatic meter reading to households from intermediary.

4.2 parking management

Residential access, set the camera-aided vehicle management, set the parking management system, the system is composed of barrier gate, IC card reader, managing computer and transmission cables. The owners hold the intelligent IC card, IC card read-write machine (effective distance) light Akira, the system can complete the inspection, records, accounting, billing and other calculations, automatically opening and closing at the barrier gate; for visiting car, paid by the person on duty, a provisional card management machine automatic timing, accounting fees, a high level of transparency. Private garage can also set the IC card reader with the garage door automatic linkage, the reader can keep detailed records of private cars, only multiple information showreel before release. This system and the latter service information (IC card system) uniform implementation.

4.3 building automation

Building automatic control system consists of the management host, implementing agencies, and various types of sensors and transmission cables, electrical and mechanical equipment for the community to achieve automatic control. Computer control and management as the core, various types of sensors and actuators on the regional electricity (air conditioning), lighting, elevators, water supply and drainage, spray irrigation, etc. to be detected, the implementation of decentralized control, centralized management, power and reduce the maintenance staff, extend equipment life, etc.

4.4 appliance control

Automatic control system for household appliances in households, by a certain program control appliance switches, remote control air conditioning, audio, curtains, household control signal by each household lighting distribution box lighting branch circuit transmission. The system is the icing on the cake of intelligent systems, suitable for high-end residential villas.

5. service system (IC card system)

Household work easy, fast, life safety, comfort is high level direction property management commitment. Service system is to let tenants through one IC card can be in residential areas, free parking, convenient access to the consumer, such as fee for one card. IC card means the non-contact IC cards, contactless IC card, also known as RF card, it succeeded in radio frequency identification technology and IC card technologies to solve-powered (no power in the card) and contact the puzzle, IC card comes with large line containing encryption control logic and communications logic circuit, through the antenna on the card information for read and write, communication protocol using half-duplex communication pattern, the advantages are as follows: A), high reliability and long service life (totally enclosed package, waterproof vapor, static, vibration, electromagnetic interference). B) easy and fast. C) conflict prevention, anti-jammings well. D) wide, the smart card. E) small size, light weight, low cost, easy to carry. IC card system and the aforesaid patrol system, parking management system can be implemented. Because the IC card with 16 different encrypted sectors, the IC card sector gives a different value, you will have different functionality for different identities. In clubs, entertainment set IC card consumption station, in Central Administration also set IC card consumption station, convenient for household consumption and to pay the costs. This card also can establish access control, household archives and household medical files, etc. There has been extensive use of IC card, at the same time markets are beginning to use the lower cost of ID cards.

6, other

6.l fire protection system

When residential areas including senior or high-rise residential, residential areas within the fire control centre, the building zone alarm and fire control signal, fire communications signals and fire Centre control hosts (or linkage Cabinet) networking, fire control centers generally combined with the Security Center, in order to reduce on-duty staff.

6.2 security intercom

Residential areas set low power wireless intercom, vitality centre based in security, the handset by security guards carry, so that security guards and Security Centre contact, its communication protocol-simplex mode, radio frequencies should be in the radio regulatory Commission "applications.

6.3 background music

Residential areas for improvement in the human landscape, you can set the amplifiers in Central Administration, public places speaker set, main roads, entertainment; indoor use ceiling speakers, outdoor use column speakers.

6.4 smart Center

Security Centre and Central Administration in-built as smart Center (including the fire control centre), in the present three networks (voice, data and video) are not integrated, intelligent Centre should consider Telecom optical nodes, cable television in room and broadband data communication engine room equipment housing requirements. Currently, the most intelligent district, Shenzhen (in particular the general community) widespread shortage of communication workshop, the inconvenience of the broadband access business. Smart Centre to set the system host and control devices, through computer multimedia Chinese system, alarm software, database software and test software for residential areas controllers, sensors, unified registration, enrollment management, a scheduled inspection, the simulation shows the status of all components in the region, in particular the alarming state.

6.5 system integration

System integration is a smart residential area more important links, mainly refers to the use of computer networks and software subsystems integrated, create digital communities that actively promote informatization。 System integration includes two parts, one is the formation of the residential areas of computer networks, the second is to associate each subsystem integration, let the weak electricity system in residential areas into an organic whole.

6.6 communication pipeline

Various subsystems within the intelligent community, various cables, optical cables and wires and also more; residential areas set up communication channels, all outdoor cables are laid in the communication pipeline. Communication pipeline with hard plastic or f114 double wall wave Timor pipe, duct capacity apart from the need to implement intelligent system cable conduit occupied, you should set aside 30% of the amount of standby to launch new business pipeline capacity to 4-8f114 suitable, check and hand hole. Currently, Shenzhen smart residential areas (in particular the general community) outdoor pipe widespread capacity is small, about 2-3f114.

7, summary

As microelectronics, telecommunications technology progress and the main idea gradually spreading, intelligent residential areas of weak electricity system also has further increased trend; select different subsystems integrated the formation of various degrees of smart residential area, it is particularly important in the overall planning. Developers and planning units directly before the construction drawing design, construction, planning to leave room for the development, implementation of the various subsystems step-by-step. On the floor in the piping and wiring, outdoor pipe, the region should set aside sufficient communication building, software programming is a system reserved extension interface; let smart residential area of the weak electricity system into an organic whole.

【 Weak current College 】 smart home wiring of five connection method

1 star connection 2, bus connections 3, power line carrier connection 4, infrared (IR) 5, wireless (RF) connection

First, from the point of view of stability, Star connection the most stable and reliable bus connections, power line carrier connection again, infrared connection (IR), wireless (RF) connection. Traditional security systems are based on the star connection, therefore most reliable.

Bus connection while also requires wiring, but more in number, quantity than star connection, its reliable line generally acceptable. Power line carrier and wireless connection exists similar problems, mainly the adjacent interference problems between the family, from a technical point of power line carrier can be quarantined, and other techniques to solve the problem of mutual interference between the wireless way to low-cost solution to mutual interference between the relative difficulty, in General only use frequency hopping technology can truly solve coupled with wireless and power supply problems, wireless intelligent in the family should be a second election programmes, in particular the security system.

Second, from a market perspective. There are three market home intelligent: the newly built residential market, personal home market, brickwall market.

New residential areas and general community-units, the requirements for alarm, information interaction. Community under construction achieve intelligent on wiring requirements should not use the routing to the complex as a primary, and reliability-the first request. A community as a whole to achieve intelligent, even if there is a problem, are multiplied by the total number of issues. In the community would not be appropriate for a general family smart implementation too complex, or the acceptance and maintenance will be a big problem. Therefore in the community achieve intelligent should star connection-oriented. Personal home markets require more personalized home intelligent features, but there is no networking requirements. Because personal home is usually a decoration to lead, to achieve sales are relatively high, and so on domestic feature requires more generally, the implementation of the corresponding points. At this time on system reliability requirements as well as extensibility requirements, since routing not a big problem, home market should try to use a star and bus. Brickwall market General requirements for wiring to minimize the paramount to wiring. When the star and bus two routing sometimes seem too great, so the brickwall market power line carrier and wireless should be the main connection.

Third, as a practical domestic intelligence system, the best solution should be a variety of cabling can be mixed.

For example, security as far as possible the star connection methods, you can also use bus or wireless means, in such a way as to add. Power line carrier is difficult for security probe connection method, because there is no way to solve the power of the signal transmission problems. The star connections or information the best solution for comprehensive wiring. Lights and the in addition to information appliances such as air conditioning outside electric rice cookers, and other controls, can take a bus, Powerline, wireless or infrared, etc.

【 Weak current College 】 intelligent residential function introduction

Home alarm systems
In the households of doors and Windows, glass break detectors installed on balcony, window sensor, switch, infrared detector sh, in the bedroom and living room installed smoke detectors. When illegal invasion or fire above the corresponding detectors instantly alert occurs, and over the network to send alarm information centre, composition of household anti-theft, anti-robbery, fire safety and prevention system. In the living room and the main room with emergency button, when criminals entered the robbery or accident needs help, households can press installed in the living room or room emergency button for aid to the monitoring center. 24 hour emergency readiness, not password control. When households in exceptional situations tilts the panic button, the House of sound and light alarm system started, at the same time, the signal is transmitted to the wuyeguanlizhongxin intelligent House. Kitchen and bathroom equipped with gas leak detector, gas leak detector detection area in gas leak, generate an alert. Gas leak detector 24 hour readiness, when domestic gas leak occurs, the House of sound and light alarm system starts at the same time, the signal is transmitted to the smart residential area of wuyeguanlizhongxin.
Perimeter protection system
Near infrared correlation detector, in the event of illegal intruder alert is triggered in a State of alarm control host, connecting lights siren to sound and light alarm on duty in the form of, and incursions by host display was started around the area code, security lighting.
TV monitoring system
In the elevator, residential area of the main crossroads set number of surveillance cameras (CCD), in the residential centre, 24-hour security personnel can monitor all the cameras in the residence, and 24 x 7 video storage. In this way, you can effectively prevent the residential areas of stealing and fighting event. In the system in addition to conventional some monitoring equipment (monitor, PTZ controller, video recorder, etc.), system control part adopts intelligent digital image motion tracking alarm to achieve automatic control, intrusion protection goals within the scope of an automatic recording without leakage, and switch to the front of the watchman, and issue a sound and light alarm to remind the watchman. This design makes the entire system reached foolproof, really rely on modern security surveillance system to protect the household's personal and property safety.
Building intercom system
The system consists of power supplies, video splitter, electronic locks, door closer. In the unit entrance door is installed on the host, user extensions that visitors call the corresponding module entry, households households extension in the extension study visitors on the display image and outside, the unit via the community network for the intelligent management of community focus.
Electronic patrol system
Security patrol management system is in the community within each region and the important parts of making security officers patrol routes, and install the patrol site. 12、security personnel carrying patrol record machine need to press the specified routes and time patrol point and records, the records of the information transferred to intelligent management center. Managers can access print various security patrol officers work to strengthen the management of security personnel, thereby achieving a combination of civil defense and security.
Remote meter reading system
The water meters, electricity meters, gas meters be modified by the indoor cable data terminal on three table data acquisition and transmission over the network to the center of the data collected information, read through the Management Center computer households three table data, automatic meter reading. This not only to avoid the traditional manual meter reading on households of interference and manual meter reading error caused by the property management system sector to reduce personnel expenses, improve the management of scientific and technological content.
Vehicle import management system
Vehicle access/parking management system through the community parking lot entrance control, complete vehicle sparks and charges effective management.
Public equipment monitoring system
For community water supply and drainage, electrical and lift the State of the work, such as real-time monitoring and control in order to achieve optimal management of public facilities and reduce failure rates. At the same time, the use of sensor technology and network traffic control technology, based on brightness and use of natural light, intelligent switch and automatic process control for public lighting and ambient lighting of automatic control. To optimize the entire community, extending the lighting and energy conservation lamp life.
Emergency radio and background music
In the noisy public environment or green space, set the speaker, play some lively music, to adjust the atmosphere. Also available as a property management announcements, broadcast news propaganda tool, unexpected, as the Organization of the evacuation, command rescue tools.
Property management calculates the Commission
Hardware part adopts computer or computer network. Software section for efficient and convenient software system to coordinate Community residents, property management, property management personnel of the relationship. For property management of real estate, households, services, public facilities, project file, various fees and maintenance information for data collection, transmission, processing, storage, computing, etc, reflecting the property management of health. Software structure should be Web-based, information sharing, easy property companies and household information communication.
TV system
Satellite TV system and approval by the relevant departments, can receive foreign television programmes.
Cable TV system to watch the city cable television program of more than 20.
Pay-TV systems households pay a certain fee, watch some special programs.
Video on demand (VOD) household system can at home according to your needs at any point to see their favorite video programs.
Computer network system
In the households of home leave a computer network interface, households are free applications. Reserved for household computer network and public information network, commercial distribution networks, fedlink, health NET, the organizations network, the campus network, financial securities, corporate intranet, banking and international interconnection (INTERNET) network. Household Internet access, you can access the network, you can at home for e-mail delivery, remote network login, voice andFax services, securities trading, in house education, remote medical diagnosis and consultation.

【 Weak current College 】 property management rules terms explained (2)

21, preliminary estate management — is the owners before engaging in property management companies, real estate development enterprises and selection of property management companies sign a preliminary contract of property services, and property management companies in accordance with the contract implemented by the property management.
22, preliminary estate service contract — refers to real estate development enterprises or public housing flats for sale in property for sale, and property management company signed a contract of service.
23, management costs — refers to maintain the normal use of property and the effective management of uninterrupted, maintaining the common equipment up and running and maintenance costs.
24, owners of temporary Convention — refers to the construction of the units in accordance with State property management of the laws, regulations and policies and regulations, in accordance with the Ministry of construction of the model text of the basic content, combined with the ready property for sale, development of initial precision Convention text.
25, property buyer — refers to and construction units signed a contract for the sale of the property, the purchase of housing units and individuals.
26, property management bid — refers to the property owner by establishing consistent with its management service requirements and the standard bidding documents, open recruitment and determine the property management business process.
27, property management bid — refers to property management companies to develop business, based on property management requirements of bidding documents, organizations preparing tenders and to submit the tender units for applications and tenders, and participated in property management bid to get through a competitive process for property management.
28, Protocol – also known as negotiated or specified way, refers to the tender units directly select one or several property management companies, and of negotiation, an agreement.
29, the common parts – means a building housing the house owners for the use of the lobby, stairs, corridors, passageways, patio, housing bearing structure, outdoor wall surface and etc.
30, common facilities — refers to the property management area or single houses, building costs are apportioned into housing sales prices of common water supply pipelines, gutters, water tank, pressure pumps, elevators, antenna, power supply lines, lighting, gas lines, fire-fighting facilities, green areas, roads, street lights, Groove, drainage, pools, wells, non-operating park garage, public welfare and sports facilities and housing.
31, property of the undertaking — is real estate development companies, public housing flats or owners, the owners ' Committee to accept property management companies entrusted by developers in the transfer of property, property management companies accept property.
32, property management room — means a real estate development and building construction in accordance with the relevant provisions in the development and construction units and the construction cost to purchase the owners of collective, which is used as a property management office, staff on duty and deposited tool materials room.
33, independent legal personality — refers to the property management company should be the basis for the establishment of the company law, People's Republic of China is engaged in property management activities, independent accounting, for their own profits and losses of having independent legal status of economic organization.
34, property management costs — means a property management company implemented property management necessary expenses, not including property management firms engaged in property management service should make profits.
35, property use-refers to the property to the lessee and other practical use property of non-proprietary.
36, decoration — means to make buildings, structures and external space reaches a certain quality requirements, the use of building materials, building, structure, exterior and interior are decorated handling of construction activities.
37, special maintenance fund — in the past called "special maintenance fund," which refers to the legal provisions of the landlord to pay, special for residential total parts, common facilities of warranty expiration maintenance and updating, modification of the capital.
38, property management violations — refers to the property management legal relations subject to the intentional or negligent violation of property management rules and regulations stipulation, or breach of legal property service contract implemented against the property in the group control and protection of society.
39, ordered to correct it — is the realization of administrative punishment remedial function of the specific means, the Executive asked the illegal parties to correct wrongful State of a measure. Its purpose is to request the State party to bring the criminal offences, to rectify the situation of a measure.
40, warning — is the executive body of the offenders to implement a written form of reprimand and cautioned. Purpose is to issue a warning, an offender declared the perpetrator's behaviour is illegal, avoid it again.
41, fines — refers to the administrative authorities for the violations of the law, fails to perform the statutory duties of individuals, organization of a financial penalty on individuals and organizations money payment obligations. P174
42, construction unit — refers to the construction project of investors or developer, its development through investment, acquisition and construction projects.
43, real estate management qualification — are property management companies with property management ability and level of qualification.
44,-means special maintenance funds move to your own use, or lent to others.

【 Weak current College 】 〖 〗-real estate terminology--according to the classification of building floors

Housing floors housing layer number refers to the natural layer housing, General press room floor ± 0 above calculation; the lighting in the outdoor terrace above the window of the basement, its interior layer high above the 2.20m (excluding 2.20m), calculate the natural layer. The total number of housing as the housing land layer top and underground floors. False floors, with Layer (mezzanine), intercalation, attic (dark floor), decorative towers, as well as the prominent roof stairs, water tanks, excluding the layers between. Basement is the housing in whole or in part in outdoor terrace following parts (including layer high in the semi-basement 2.2m following), room ground below the height of the exterior of the plane than the room height measured in 1/2. Half basement room ground below the height of the exterior of the plane than the room height measured in 1/3 and no more than 1/2. Fake layer refers to the building is constructed, the comparative low floor General. Its height is greater than before and after travelling along the area less than the underlying 1.7m half portions. Report of layer (layer) is a local housing interior space. Attic floor (dark floor) are generally the housing is completed, the result of a variety of needs, the use of internal space of the upper room's floor structures. Low-rise residential refers to a layer-3 storey house. Multi-storey housing means four layers to six floors of the House. In a seven-storey high-rise residential buildings to nine storey building. High-rise apartment means ten layers and ten storeys dwelling. Tower high-rise residential buildings to use stairs, elevator as the core layout more housing units of Highrise residential buildings. High-rise residential building consists of a combination of residential units, each unit is equipped with stairs, Elevator of high-rise residential buildings. Tonglangshi high-rise apartment by the common stairs, Elevator access by internal, verandahs sets residential high-rise residential buildings. Thermocline residential set two floors within the space of fast growth and above the House.