【 Weak current College 】 room wired network cabling and considerations

Many users at by building their own proxy servers, hubs, switches, routers and other network surfing equipment. Most home computer network Terminal and network equipment, coupled with the network structure is simple, you may ignore the computer network cabling. 　　To use the wireless network of Fans, the suspense is available regardless of network wiring. However, for the economy, compatibility and transfer speeds multiple factors into account, the cable network is more flexible, secure. 　　I speak about the experience of indoor cabling. Wiring of principle 1. cabling in wiring design should be considered a phone line, cable TV and cable, power line and twisted-pair location. 　　Phone line and power line is not too close from the twisted pair, to avoid interference of the twisted pair, but also not too far away, the relative position to keep around. 20cm 　　2. focus on artistic home wiring more beautiful, so the wiring construction should go hand in hand with the decoration, the cable ducts embedded in the floor or decorative plates, information outlets are chooses embedded, bottom box buried in the wall. 3. simple design due to the information point of a smaller number that is easy to manage, so home routing does not need to use distribution frame. 　　Twisted-pair of end is connected to the information outlets, on the other side you can directly connect the Assembly line equipment, thus saving costs, reduce management complexity. 4. appropriate redundant cabling service life of 15 years, perhaps now the family has a relatively small number of computers, but no one can predict the future development of household appliances will be to what extent, may not take a few years, all the appliances can be managed with the help of the Internet. 　　Therefore, appropriate redundancy is very necessary. Design home wiring scheme should be taken into account when routing question 1. information point number typically, due to the master bedroom is usually has two master, it is recommended to install two information point, so that both sides can also use the computer. Other bedroom and living room just install an information point for children or temporary changes to the computer using the site. Especially when you have a laptop, the more consideration should be given in each room and Hall, an information point is installed. Restaurants typically do not need to install information point, because very few people will use the computer there. 　　If the community offer information interface, it should be laid from the interface to the Assembly line equipment of twisted-pair cable for home networking and community broadband connections. 　　In addition, the best in accommodation centres and front and rear balcony in a concealed location more layout 2 ~ 3 information point for future installation of a wireless network access point devices, your home computer's wireless network connection, and can carry a laptop to work outdoors. 　　2. information outlets in the choice of location information outlet position, also paid great attention to ease of use, cannot be furniture blocking and more subtle, less conspicuous in the bedroom, information outlets can be on either side of the bed; in the living room sofa can be located near the end of the window; in his study, it should be located near the information desk in the socket and the vertical distance above ground should not be less than 20cm. 3. set line device location because the Assembly line equipment are rarely in contact with, therefore, to ensure good ventilation, assembly line equipment shall be located in the most secluded location. Note that set line device requires power support, so you must set the decoration for the line device with power outlet. 　　In addition, the Assembly line equipment should avoid installation in wet, easy to get wet and electromagnetic interference is very serious. 　　4. keep away from sources of interference should be twisted-pair and the computer as far away as possible from washing machines, refrigerators, air conditioners, fans, to avoid these appliances on twisted pair transmission signal interference. 　　5. power supply separate from the computer, printer and set line device uses a power cord, and fluorescent lights, washing machines, refrigerators, air conditioners, fans use the power cord from the power supply to achieve individually to ensure that your computer's security and stable operation. 6. routing twisted pair should avoid direct sunlight and not placed in a damp place. In addition, it should be as far away as possible from the regular use of the channel and weight, to avoid possible conflicts, to ensure that the electrical performance of twisted pair.
House wiring scheme 1. two bedroom home wiring master bedroom two information point, located on both sides will be double beds while the use of the laptop. Secondary bedroom setup information points located in the vicinity of the bed or single bed, writing desk for children or guests. 　　The living room to install an information point, located at one end of the sofa or coffee table near more concealed location, easy to use notebook Office or entertainment in the living room. In addition, from the residential area provides information outlet cited a twisted-pair to the set line device for home network LAN access to the community. Telephone cable and power cord should be responsible for the laying of the distance between each other as 20cm. Information outlets, voice outlet and the power outlet of distance should 20cm. Wiring scheme can refer to figure design, including "." 　　Represents the information point. The twisted pair into the PVC pipes, laying on the floor mat. Needs over the wall, the wall close to the ground at the hole. Information outlets used wall type, in the bottom box in the laying of walls. The distance from ground-based information outlets as 20cm from the power outlet for 20cm distance. 　　Set line device (hub or switch) installed in the bedroom, it is proposed to adopt 5 port desktop device, can be fixed in writing desk near the side of the bed, not only save space, ensure proper ventilation space, while avoiding device directly influence is artistic exposure. 2. three bedroom home wiring two rooms are the same, it will not repeat them. Since the three bedroom living room is usually relatively large, so you can consider on both sides of the wall are installed an information point, are located away from the window 1m ~ 1.5m concealed location, easy access to the computer at the same time. Cabling requirements and two living rooms are exactly the same. Three bedroom alignment styles and two rooms are the same, note the "." 　　Represents the information point. 3. duplex home wiring upstairs master bedroom and secondary bedroom design, as well as community broadband link and two rooms are the same so it is no longer here. First floor Hall of the twoSide wall installation of an information point, respectively, are located at the distance of window 1m ~ 1.5m concealed location, convenient for both the access computer or wireless access point, in floor and wall holes and into the PVC pipe, realization twisted pair line in the floor of the crossing between the rooms. Recommended assembly line equipment installed in the back of a stairs, ease of maintenance, without affecting the appearance. Cabling requirements and two living rooms are exactly the same, including the "." 　　Represents the information point. If community broadband allows each family has more than one user to access and use DHCP dynamically assigns IP addresses, then simply use a crossover cable hub and community information socket connections. If the community does not provide DHCP service, you need to every computer set P address. If the community just as every family is assigned an IP address and MAC address by restricting access number, you must use the broadband router or proxy server. How to use broadband router, use a crossover twisted pair connection router WLAN port and community information outlets, and then use a crossover cable connected to the router's LAN port and family set line devices, using a proxy server, if you use Windows ICS, you need two network cards, a network card to connect a network adapter to connect the community that the home network.

【 Weak current college 】 building weak electricity system--the fourth section telephone communication and computer network system

First, telephone communication system telephone communication system is a smart building information transmission network of basic components. Traditional telephone systems are limited to telephone, Telegraph and other audio and low-speed data communication services, generally using the audio cable laying.　　The present building of user demand for information is not just the auditory information, more need to transmit Visual information, such as text, graphics and images, and other activities, such as non-voice, data transmission, videotex, e-mail, video phone and multimedia communications, etc. Intelligent building telephone communication systems typically include digital PABX, distribution frame, transfer box, cable boxes (boxes) and transmission lines, and other equipment.　　At present, the user switch and Nan connected with fiber-optic cable trunk lines are generally, building of transmission line performance excellent double Ridge cable. Telephone communication system installation is required in building embedded underground communication cables and pipelines, cabling, and building reserved telephone connection rooms, cable shaft, pre-buried pipe and cable wiring harness.　　If you need to set the user switches, but also in building up the telephone station. The communication aims to achieve a certain area in any two terminal information exchange between users.　　To do this, you must handle the signal send and receive, signal transmission and signal Exchange three problems.　　Telephone communication system consists of a user's terminal equipment, transmission systems and switching equipment is composed of three parts.　　1. user terminal equipment of a user's terminal equipment to complete the signal send and receive, equipment mainly in telephones, fax machines and computer terminals, etc. 2. telephone transmission system telephone transmission system as the transport medium into cable transfers (wire, cable, fiber, etc.) and wireless transmission (short-wave and microwave relay, satellite communications, etc.). Wired transfer press transfer information work is divided into analog transmission and digital transmission. Analog transmission is to convert the information with the appropriate size of the current analog transmission, phone is a simulation of voice information transmission.　　Digital transmission is information by digital encoding converted to digital signals for transmission, digital transmission a antijamming ability is strong, confidentiality and integrated circuits, etc., now the program-controlled telephone exchange is to use digital transmission of information. In the cable transmission of the telephone communication system, transmission line has a subscriber line and trunk. Subscriber line refers to the user and switch between the lines.　　Two switch between the lines is called a trunk. 3. telephone exchange equipment, program-controlled switches now widely used as a telephone switching equipment. The so-called program control refers to a control, it is the computer stored program control technology applied to the telephone switching equipment. This control is to advance the telephone exchange function compiled into the appropriate program, and program and related data are deposited into the store.　　When a user calls, the processor in accordance with the directives issued by the program to control switch, to complete the continuation function. Telephone switches according to its usage scenarios can be divided into two categories: one category is used for large switch PSTN, such as long-distance telephone switches and switch; enterprises and institutions within the telephone exchange of private branch exchange, commonly referred to as the small operator, or user switch.　　User switches General capacity, internal users can via local Council, so as to reduce the load on the local Council of telephone traffic, improve user line distance. A user switches a general-purpose and special-purpose, general-purpose user switches apply to voice service oriented unit; special switch applies to the various features of the unit, such as hotel type switch, a long distance call instant billing, message, room status, do not disturb, wake-up service and comprehensive voice capabilities.　　In addition, there are Office Automation-, banking-and network-user switch.　　Second, computer network systems, the definition of computer network: where location is different, having independent function of multiple computer systems through communication equipment and lines concatenated, separated by full-featured network management and control of the software to achieve the mutual exchange of information and sharing network resources of the system, known as a computer network system. 1. computer network function (1) information for rapid transfer and focus
Take advantage of this feature, you can use geographically dispersed units or departments connected via a computer network for mutual exchange of information and information from the parties, in order to concentrate on the units or departments for control and management. (2) resource sharing
Users on the network can share the network hardware and software resources and information resources. (3) balanced load and distribution processing
When a host of overload, you can set certain jobs over the network to the other host processing in order to balance the load and reduce local burden can improve equipment utilization. For a comprehensive, significant problems can be resolved after the job decomposition to different computers, balanced use of network resources, the purpose of achieving distributed processing.　　Today's calculation of a new trend — collaborative computing, is the use of a network of several computers to work together to complete a task. (4) comprehensive information service
Through the computer network to the whole society offers a variety of economic information, technology information and consulting services, and may transfer digital, sound and graphic images, and other information. (5) improve the reliability of your computer
In the case of stand-alone use, when a computer or a part of a failure would result in downtime, the computer will not be able to continue to use, and in computer network systems, computer and software resources available on each back-up, failure of tasks to be completed on behalf of the other computer, greatly improves the reliability of computer systems. 2. the composition of the computer network system (1) network hardware system
Composition of the LAN network hardware system can be divided into five categories: servers, workstations, network switching interconnect devices, firewall and external devices. ① Server is the personal computer (PC) or workstation or small computer. The server should have a high performance, including faster speed, more memory and a larger capacity hard disk. ② network workstations. Means to enable users in a network environment on a work planComputer (client). The role of network workstations is to let the user work in the network environment, and run from a network file server provides a variety of application software. In a LAN Server generally only store shared data or files, and on the information or document to run and processing is accomplished by the workstation. ③ network switching interconnect devices. Including network adapters, modems, network transmission media, repeaters, hubs, bridges, routers and gateways, etc. ④ Firewall. Is on the intranet and Internet of the barrier between architecture, it is differentiated and the need to distinguish between Office setting conditional isolation devices to protect the intranet information, resources, and so are not affected by illegal from Internet users. ⑤ external devices. 　　Can be networked users shared, common hardware resources, such as a laser printer, drawing equipment and mass storage systems. (2) network software system
According to the role of the network software and features that put the network software is divided into network system software and network application software. Network system software is the control and management of network operation and network resources using the network software, it provides users with access to the network and operations network into the machine interface.　　Network application software is an application for a particular purpose and the development of network software. In the network system software, the most important is the network operating system, network operating system often determines the network properties, functions, types, etc.　　There are a variety of LAN network operating system, the most widely used mainly in Microsoft Windows, Novell Netware, Banyan VINES, and the company's UNIX, LINUX, etc.　　Network application software is the use of application software development platform developed some software, such as JAVA, ASP, Perl/CGI, SQL, and other professional software applications. 3. classification of the computer network is the computer network is mainly based on a particular aspect of the feature to be classified, usually have several classifications. Press coverage of the geographical scope, divided into the wide area network (also called remote Web), LAN (local network) and Wan (City area). Press communication rate, divided into low-speed Internet, medium-speed network and high-speed Internet. The topology of the network, is divided into the star network, bus-NET, ring network, tree, mesh and hybrid network. As the transmission medium, divided into twisted-pair network, coaxial cable, fiber, wireless media network and mixed media network. According to the information exchange, split into circuit switched, packet switched networks and integrated switching network. 　　By using range, divided into public and private networks. On a computer network, coverage and communication rate is most concerned about two issues, both of which are often contradictory, that is, the larger the network coverage, communication rate lower, network coverage, the higher communication speed.　　The following provides an overview of the common press covering geographical scope to share three of the network. (1) a WAN (Wide Area Network)
Also called a remote network, its characteristics are covered range from covering several cities to a national or even global. Wide area networks are generally the use of telecommunications or utilities existing public or private communication lines as a transport media, the network consists of multiple departments or more countries combined.　　1969 United States Department of Defense Advanced research projects Agency Organization, developed by APPA network was one of the wide area network, it has been from birth till today, not only over the American continent, and spans two Ocean extending into Europe, Asia, and the rest of the world, has become the world's largest wide area network, the Internet network. (2) LAN (Local Area Network)
It is in the local scope using the computer network, features, covering geographical scope is limited, relatively small, network computers and related equipment are typically limited to one unit, of a building or even an Office. Intranet, network construction time is short, low cost, flexible, economic and social benefits significantly.

LAN generally do not use public communication line, but specialized separate laying of own communication lines. It takes the transmission medium for the twisted pair, fiber optic cables in General.　　LAN transmission distance of more recent, but data transfer rate is very high, and low error rate. (3) the man (Metropolitan Area Network)
Metropolitan area network (MAN) usually cover a city or area, between the Wan and LAN, it is in the local area network developed on the basis of a new kind of network. As Internet users growing and constantly widening the field of application, General LAN has become too great, the new application requirements to multiple LANs connected together to form a greater coverage area, and support high-speed transmission and integrated business service, suitable for large cities are using computer network, thus forming a metropolitan area network.

【 Weak current College 】 pump safety operation knowledge

The first section pumps-basic requirements and security management

I. basic requirements and general provisions

1. water pump industry must learn this post security operation procedures and relevant security knowledge, by the State after a medical examination, training and pass an examination certificate issued to operation, certificates, participate in periodic refresher training programs.

2. must be familiar with the construction of drainage equipment, principle, performance, characteristics, uses, repair, will exclude General failure.

3. strict compliance with the relevant rules and regulations and labour discipline, is strictly prohibited to drive to work, before going to work must wear PPE, class cannot do non-work-related things.

4, must be put in scene shift to leave the workplace, you must leave, be sure to take reliable security measures.

5. work must be detailed inspection equipment, tools, such as finding adverse circumstances, should be immediately processed or, strictly prohibits the use of force.

6. operation must note there is no impact on the surrounding environment and personal safety equipment. The highly concentrated attention, chat, play, is strictly prohibited.

7, two or more people work together, you must clear a responsible person, should fulfill the responsibility, mutual supervision.

8, pump room, the door should be hanging "non-staff, no sign of human" is strictly forbidden to stay at the pump house were on fire.

Second, water pumps work safety management

1, pumps work shift system

(1) succession must arrive within the allotted time, the workplace and the shift to shift the scene.

(2) successors did not reach the workplace, people will be allowed to shift away from work to please others alternative shift.

(3) shift, you must set the status of equipment, materials, tools, spare parts, accessories and other junction.

(4) shift personnel must be on duty in the circumstances and problems to succession duty clearly, people can deal with the problem, you must shift handle, cannot handle, must be well documented and timely reporting. Shift personnel should do well in the engine room and equipment cleaning.

(5) shift staff must sign the shift register.

2, water pumps work post responsibility system

Water pump worker should earnestly perform job responsibilities to ensure the safe operation of the pump.

(1) comply strictly with the shift system on time shift in the workplace.

(2) comply strictly with the operation of statutes, adhere to the chapter.

(3) comply strictly with the labor discipline, not late, leave early, sleeping in class.

(4) the strict implementation of the security system to remain independent staff person.

(5) enforce device circuit inspection system.

(6) Note the various instrument readings are good, listen to the sound of the device, check whether the normal motor, pump body and bearing temperature is normal.

(7) water level changes and stop the pump in a timely manner.

(8) for directions in violation of the right to refuse work, equipment maintenance unqualified right to refuse to receive materials, accessories, security appliances, the unqualified right to refuse use.

(9) keep pumping equipment and the environment clean and tidy.

(10) timely, fill in the various records, discovery issues timely reporting.

3, the crucial point of the safety management system

Water pump house is important and hydropower production activities, in order to ensure the physical integrity and the drainage, must strictly implement critical workplace safety management system.

(1) is strictly prohibited within the pump house were on fire, access and stay at home. Forced entry to the defence sector.

(2) external staff (associate of visit, study, etc.) must be of safety supervision departments and has guided before entering.

(3) in addition to the engineering staff, all access to key places of personnel must strictly enforce access registration system.

(4) where the approved into the vital place of foreign personnel, must obey the duty officer and led the staff of the satirical play command, without permission, is not permitted to use the device, not allowed to copy the information and data, are not allowed to take pictures and video.

(5) are forbidden to carry flammable and explosive and dangerous goods into the engine room (the room required

The exception). The engine will not be allowed to pile up incidentals and hosting other items.

(6) must adhere to the workplace, no shortage of posts, empty post and unauthorized requests on behalf of the gang.

4. electromechanical equipment Charter management

Charter management is: package operation, maintenance, and repair the package. Allows operators to: understand the practice, to understand device performance and to understand the principle, operate, maintain, repair, judge and handling incidents.

Introduction to electrical and mechanical equipment, packaging systems, listing management can enhance job pump work, maintenance staff accountability and improve service quality.

For each device you want to establish clear roles and responsibilities, to make water pump, for overhaul maintenance personnel, equipment, materials, spare parts for consumption, make reasonable spare parts and material requirements planning, fair use, maintenance and upkeep of equipment, give full play to the efficiency of the device.

Pump engineering, maintenance personnel must be familiar with the equipment model specifications, technical performance, drawing materials, works, quality standards and procedures, and so on, must pass the training, examination candidates before appointment.

Pump engineering, maintenance personnel on the jurisdiction of the equipment is responsible for identifying problems in time, for maintenance, adjustment or replacement, the equipment is in good condition and normal operation.

Seriously implement the device periodically maintenance, replacement system, and doWell the various records.

Regular reporting to the competent personnel and equipment problems, continue to improve the equipment of the defects and deficiencies, and make suggestions.

5, equipment checking management.

Inspection of the time normally once per hour. The main contents of roving examination:

(1) all fasteners and pine plant should be complete, no loose.

(2) heating parts of temperature overrun (plain bearings is not greater than 65oC, rolling bearings is not greater than 75oC, motor temperature not higher than the rated temperature rise), the packing box and casing not hot, forced lubricating oil pump system work properly.

(3) packing tightness should moderate (not intake, not dripping).

(4) motor, pump is shaped, abnormal sound or I-mode.

(5) current does not exceed the prescribed value, voltage fluctuations not exceeding the rated voltage value of ± 5%.

(6) gauges, vacuum table indicates should be fine.

(7) Note the change well water, surface water wells accumulate dirt from the pump bottom valve bottom distance not less than 0.5m. Water pump shall pump under the circumstances, shall the cavitation and gate closed cases long running.

Roving examination findings and treatment, should fill one running log.

【 Weak current College 】 harmful decoration material standard policy control decoration pollution

National indoor decoration materials harmful substances limits law begins mandatory implementation. During renovation process, what is a hazardous material? how to avoid public decoration should buy unwanted decoration materials and decoration pollution problem for these? reporters interviewed lndoor environment testing center songguangsheng Director.　　 Q: the national post of 10 species of the indoor decoration materials harmful substances which limits "is hazardous material. A: mainly include wood and its products, solvent-borne Wood coatings, interior paint, adhesives, wooden furniture, wallpaper, PVC floors, carpets and carpet pad and carpet adhesives, concrete admixture, building materials, radioactive nuclide 10 categories, these will cause decoration pollution. Q. 10 the indoor decoration materials harmful substances limits "in the main control which harmful material on the decoration pollution indicators? a: for indoor decoration materials, use of raw materials and auxiliary materials, manufacturing processes, using procedures and so on each link may cause harm to human health of various harmful decoration materials, standards for hazardous material in formaldehyde, volatile organic compounds (VOC), benzene, toluene and xylene, ammonia, free toluene diisocyanate (TDI), vinyl chloride monomer, styrene monomer, soluble lead, cadmium, chromium, mercury, arsenic and other harmful elements, and construction materials of radionuclides concentration values are clearly defined in order to reduce the decoration pollution. Q: what is the mandatory standards, and why the indoor decoration materials harmful to limit of harmful substances as mandatory standards? a: the People's Republic of China Standardization Act: national standards are divided into mandatory criteria and recommended standards. Protection of human health, personal and property safety standards and laws and administrative regulations enforceable standards is mandatory standards. Therefore, in formulating the indoor decoration materials harmful substances limits of law, in order to protect human health and personal safety, interior decoration materials and decoration harmful pollution control and management, in accordance with the provisions of the standard as a mandatory national standard. To reduce harmful decoration materials decoration pollution. Q: States in the implementation of the mandatory standards which require? answer: in order to guarantee the correct implementation of standards, the standardization of the law in Chapter 3, article 14: the mandatory standards, you have to do. Does not comply with the mandatory standards for products, the prohibition of the production, sale and import. At the same time in the legal responsibility of Chapter 4, the provisions in article 20: production, sales, import does not comply with the mandatory standards for products, legal and administrative regulations of executive authorities in accordance with the law, legal, administrative regulations, not provided for by the industrial and commercial Administration Department confiscated products and illegal proceeds, and fine; serious consequences as to constitute a crime, on a direct responsibility personnel, legally investigates the legal responsibility. These harmful decoration materials and decoration pollution of mandatory standards for the consumer to provide a strong basis. Q: How does decorative businesses and consumers, in accordance with criteria to distinguish between harmful material and avoid decoration pollution? answer: the first is to buy construction materials or furniture do not figure, as far as possible to conveniently cheap regular building materials market to buy, so you can avoid buying as much as possible into the harmful material, reduce the decoration pollution. The second is the Distributor for the new standard test report. Third, let operators in invoice indicating the product name, unwanted decoration materials limited levels of harmful substances. Fourth, in the use of materials to keep some small pieces of specimens, in the event of a decoration pollution or other issues you can do it in evidence. Q: does not buy unwanted decoration materials also have a decoration pollution? a: the House decoration pollution sources is more complex, the control of harmful material only address one aspect of the decoration pollution. In addition, there is how the housing space reasonable design, how to choose no decoration pollution of the construction process, the proper solution to the problem of indoor air and so on, which is why some decoration enterprises and consumers to buy the best decoration material, but still decorate a present decoration pollution of room. Q: found purchased harmful decoration materials and decoration pollution? a: national consumer rights protection law provides that: in accordance with the relevant administration determined to be ineligible for the return of goods, consumer requirements, operators shall be responsible for the return. Operators of commercial fraud, according to consumer demands increase the loss of their compensation, increase the amount of compensation to consumers to purchase prices doubled, we often speak of a "taking a loss." The consumer rights protection law also stipulates that the goods in the donation, adulterate, yijiachongzhen, falsification, or unqualified products posing as qualified products; producing countries explicitly obsolete items or sell merchandise, metamorphic, according to the seriousness of the single Office or Department warned, confiscation illegal obtained, by illegal income more than doubled to five times the fine, not illegally obtained, is punishable by a fine of ten thousand Yuan; serious cases, order the rectification, their business licenses. If the decoration enterprise and consumers find themselves buying unwanted decoration materials, decoration pollution can protect their legitimate rights and interests.

【 Weak current College 】 Intelligent Home Plug-and-technical specifications

1 HomePnP specification overview
HomePnP standards makers to establish reliable family system technology provides some new ideas, the most important of which is: a public device language; the independence of the transmission protocol; state object, listen to the object and the request object; subsystem of loosely coupled; home mode and State vector; configuration process.


1.1 transfer protocol independence
The independence of the transmission protocol is the most HomePnP specification for one of the main objectives of, the specification by addressing three main function to handle application-tier and higher. Household electrical appliances plug (HomePnP) uses a hierarchical structure, the lowest representative application layer and its related public application language (CAL), which is included in the standard EIA-600 (CEBus), it can be waived in different product between expensive language translation gateway. Context data structure layer represents a wide range of development with CAL syntax into the product model. By defining security, lighting, environment, energy management, public facilities, computers and entertainment applications of functional product parts, components to industry appliances models. At the top are system guide, it pointed out that the plug and play installation of the product must have what behavior characteristics. These guiding principles relating to the previously unresolved problems. HomePnP specification so that manufacturers can use an application protocol, and select the appropriate independent transmission network (PL, RF, IR). Application layer from the following transport layer to get some of the services. Because HomePnP intends to run on existing consumer electronics protocol such as CEBus and IEEE1394 (FireWire), so it's only after transport layer below the proposed minimum requirements.


1.2 status, listen to and request objects
In the application public EIA-600 language (CAL) provides three standardized object type — the State object, listen to the object and request objects. HomePnP officially establishes the State, to listen to and request objects. For example, in a contained conditioner, electric water heater system of intelligent home system, the request object cause device changes state, then the State object published status change, all of the work of listening object can tune in to this state information. These three objects constitute various subsystems through loosely coupled interoperability.


1.3 subsystem of loose coupling
Loose coupling is a feature of HomePnP. Smart family HomePnP structure using subsystem loosely coupled, new ideas, the complexity of the equipment by natural form hierarchies. In a loosely coupled way, subsystem can assure all other HomePnP subsystem reports status information and allows manufacturers to design products without having to learn more about other manufacturers ' products. For example, we can design a security system: If the window is opened air conditioner is started, the security system will issue a warning. A loosely coupled way security system with just a right to object, to listen to the information from the environment monitoring, in accordance with the contract from the air conditioner. Security system depending on your design decisions to use or do not use this information. The request object also can be caused by network status changes.


1.4 home mode and State vector
State vector from the beginning, it home mode reflects user to home set work objectives, shared by the various subsystems. These vector information is more information from the subsystem extracted, take hierarchical structure. Home mode to define the first element is the State, the State can be a person, no person or uncertain; the second element is the probability that the optional certainly or probably; the remaining elements of the home state of the change request, and gradually make ideal home in depth work status of detailed requirements. Home mode in the hierarchy of practicality, listening devices to vector analysis, and in accordance with their own understanding of action. But lighting subsystems may only under some State or State control over some of the lights, and another subsystem may use the above all vector control.


1.5 configuration process
HomePnP for Advanced Intelligent Home system opens up development path, but does not require consumers to one step, consumers will still be available from the system start, gradually increasing and extending their systems. Configuration process can be divided into three stages. First is the use of two of the most common medium power line carrier and RF configuration device basic communication capability, it should be noted that required the use of special handshake steps to avoid various interactions. The second stage is to make a device equipped with a state object, which requires network to each State of the object is assigned a unique identification number. The third stage is equipped with a device to listen to the object requesting matching state object that is called automatically. HomePnP


1.6 other research topics
A study on the subject of other HomePnP are: product groupings, including geography, scenario and other groups; scheduling, a better use of network products one approach is to arrange the time of the event. HomePnP will provide detailed data structure and edit methods; lock, HomePnP will provide a tool for some action and lock a device, in whole or in part; security and privacy, the application might require multiple levels of security measures, it is necessary to provide the required protection, and not too complicated; the user interface, HomePnP will provide the context for the user interface and the object to ensure that can be used with other HomePnP device interoperability.

【 Weak current College 】 project time management (1)

Time management priority is making progress management plan, but not the activity definition, schedule management plan not as a separate process definition, but actually exist as part of project management, schedule management plan to tell you how to make already if effective management and tracking project progress. Schedule management plans should include identifying development schedule of estimation methods and procedures, to approach and how to estimate to determine the progress of metrics and deviation management method, determine how to track progress on performance and projects change programs.
1. the activity definition
In the range defined process or output work breakdown structure WBS WBS, the lowest level is a work package, and the activity definition is targeting the underlying work package decomposition, as progress estimates that arrangements, tracking and control Foundation. In real-world projects we often do when direct WBS decomposition is decomposed into an activity, or because the decomposition to active number is too big and directly on the network map in work packages, these are not scientific.
Activities defined output is a list of active list and milestones, note listing just list what activities, what are the milestones and does not contain the duration or specific time points and other information. Another output is active properties, this is a time management follow-up all process group to continuously updated one output, are more active in one or more of the properties are updated or added.
2. the activities of the sort
Activities in order to determine the activity before and after and dependencies, forming a network map. In the active sort phase network diagram only reflect activity dependencies, when the active duration estimate completed activity diagram can calculate the critical path, when taking into account the balance between resources and the resource calendar when the activity diagram might become a valuable progress meter.
Single-arrow network (PDM, AON)
A. you can have the start-finish, start-start, finish-start, finish-complete the four relations
B. There is lag and lead volume
C. activities in node above
-Arrow network (ADM, AOA)
A. activities on the arrow line
B. in order to express dependencies, you need to use virtual activities
C. amount without delay
D. only complete start a relationship.
Graphical evaluation and review technique (GERT): is a network drawing method, the focus is on running loop or conditional
Program evaluation and review technique (PERT): three-point method
The value of the calculation: PERT (optimistic time + 4 * most likely time + pessimistic time)/6, deviation (optimistic time-pessimistic time)/6
Three dependencies
A. mandatory logic
B. free dependence (preferred logic or soft logic)
C. external dependency (external dependency from the project, General network map does not reflect)

【 Weak current College 】 property management exam blanks selection (2)

(11) owners (late) non-payment of service charges of the property (property owners Committee) shall supervise the pay period; the late still does not pay, property management companies can sue to the (Court). Article 67
(12) owners to (owners or owners ' Committee), in violation of laws and regulations, the Constitution crime, legally (criminal liability); If no crime is constituted, legally imposes the punishment (order management). Article 68
(13) the construction of the State administrative departments, local people's Governments at or above the county level (real estate Executive) authorities or (other relevant administrative) staff use their own position, accepting others property or other benefits, not to discharge the duties (supervision), or discovery violations will not be investigated, the Constitution crime, legally investigates the legal responsibility; no crime is constituted, legally imposes the (administrative sanctions). Article 69
(14) the State shall encourage property management adoption (new technologies, new methods), count on (Science and technology progress) improve management and (service) level. Article 4
(15) (State building administrative authorities) responsible for the national property management activities of the supervision and management. Article 5
(16) owners should (and maintain) property management in all of the owners in the region (property management activities). Article 8
(17) the Division of property management area should consider property (common facilities), (building scale), (community development), and other factors. Specific measures by provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. Article 9, paragraph 2
(18) a general decision, must be approved by the voting rights held by the participating owners (1/2 above). Owners to develop and modify the owners'convention rules (selection and dismissal of property management companies), the use and special maintenance funds (continued preparatory programmes) of the decision, must be approved by the property management area all the owners hold over two-thirds vote. Article 12, paragraph 3
(19) the residence of the general meeting, shall be informed at the same time related (residents ' Committee). Owners'committee (records of the general meeting). Article 14
(20) the owners ' Committee shall be elected as of the date (30 days), location of the property area, county people's Government (real estate executives) sector. Article 16

【 Weak current college 】 budget experience (4)

That implementation, each cost management in the hands of many useful cost management article or a book or something. I also like this, I am a bit of a bad memory, nor love. So, if I had really wanted to write something, it is necessary to check the data to write, write up only let people look like.

I do not love note, don't want to put information on direct's moving, just like a college exam scores as well, the answer is not accurate, not minutes or less points. I like to play this title of the individual. Also because of this, so I write things are at their own understanding of the experience of the vernacular.

A. for questions. Building market, for materials, equipment is very much.

A. for materials on project: first of all, deprived the construction unit of material price profit to construction unit missing part. The duration of the project quality, will be affected. And that also appears difficult construction party construction party. Secondly, for materials can reduce the cost, but there are exceptions. Third, a device for can affect stability. Other effects, not to mention. Therefore, I do not advocate direct mail for, but you can specify.

Audit settlement method. As construction party cost control, reduce the total cost to the leadership within the bottom line is the work of the Centre. If you cannot be less than the bottom line, you'll give yourself a ridiculously good. Analysis of the market, there is the seller's market, to satisfy! so, construction party have many opportunities to keep cost down. According to many years of experience, there is a best method, that is one word: drag. I know, I write here will have a lot of people criticize me, in fact, I am also working! to drag and drop techniques, does not cause drag. If there is no reason, then the construction party if you sue, HA HA, that cost could eat not a doggie. My method is: the first to demonstrate that I'd in the shortest possible time to give you an audit has been completed out of settlement reports. Therefore to require construction party, settlement not fraud, real series. The fact is that no one will be the real compile settlement. Therefore, in the construction party audit of the process, if you find the construction party settlement appeared inexcusable trickery, well done, the point after the request take temper, and their modifications. Reported up after discovery, and then playing back the changes. Your boss will not be because of your settlement had not finished but the blame to audit. Time delays, construction party will own the settlement amount to no profits.

The other method of settlement, which is the audit process, thoroughly and carefully check the terms of the contract.

How to conduct a cost-control of the construction works in the upcoming or may happen in advance the ability of cost control, budget officer required a job skill. How to control, I also felt. With cost control, first on upcoming or event to understand the construction process, after the construction unit construction programmes submitted by audited, according to the construction program review of the budget. On unreasonable construction craft made their own views for engineers reference, so as to achieve the purpose of optimum construction programme. In addition, the proportion of the contract is also important. The ratio for the contract to audit the change programme, the minimum amount. For possible changes, make your own opinion, according to the reasonable cost variability. Leadership in the decision-making process must take into account increases in costs and duration of the relationship between the change and the duration changes on sales.

How to make settlement cost analysis. Have some friends that finished a project on their own understanding of what works, what is clear. This is very good, but if you can do the cost analysis, it is the best. In some only talk and cost-related economic analysis. Currently available cost software that can automatically identify the required material and quantity, unit price, close price, and other data. My approach is to separate the ownership of the materials, computational analysis of unilateral dosage and unilateral cost and made into table form. In later work, such as encountering the same project, you can this engineering material price and the current market price quickly figure out new project cost, accuracy rate is extremely high. For structural forms, and other similar works, can also be based on some cost analysis to calculate the total cost. In practice, many accumulated such cost analysis, in a later work, whether it is a quick tender or settlement audits can be accurate and fast.

"Construction organization plan, too minor, so that some clever construction unit, often in construction design fiddling. Unfortunately, I had had this when on. Because no of the construction organization plan look carefully, the tenderer in the construction organization plan in buried a Lei, accidentally I stepped on. "

【 Weak current College 】 construction site English 500 words (10)

10. construction site
ONCONSTRUCTIONSITE
229、Welcometoourconstructionsite.
230、Gladtohaveyouhere.
231, Ourjobsite (on-site) isoverthere/here.
232、Itisverysimpleandcrudehere.Donotmind,please.
Here is very simple, never mind.
233、Comein,please.Bequick.Justaminute,please.Take
care.
234、Iamasiteengineer(director,workshophead,chiefof
section,foreman,worker,staffmember).
Site engineers (Director, workshop Director, team leader, collar workers, workers, staff)
235, MayIintroduceourchiefengineertoyou. (Chief Engineer)
236、Mr.Wangisresponsibleforthistask.. Responsible for this task
237, Iaminchargeofthissection. I am in charge of this section.
238、Hereisourengineeringoffice(drawingoffice,control
room,laboratory,meetingroom,commonroom,restroom).
This is our Engineering Office (drawing rooms, control room, laboratory, conference rooms, meeting room,
Lounge)
239、Sitdown,please.Letushavearest.
240, Havesometea (colddrink, ice-sucker popsicle).
241、Ihavesomething(question)toaskofyou.
242、Wouldyoupleasetellussomethingaboutthis?
243, Thanksforyourkindness. thanks the trouble!
Thanksforyourhelp.
244、Theshiftwillstartathalfpastsevena.m.
The early start from 7: 30.
245、Wehaveflexibleworkhoursduringthesummer.
Our summer hours flexible.
246, Payattentiontosafety! attention to safety.
247, Putonyoursafetyhelmet, please Please wear a helmet!
248, Danger! Lookout! Getoutoftheway. dangerous! beware! fast escape!
249、Hereisourpipeprefabricationworkshop(steelstructure
fabricationshop,machineshop,boilerroom,aircompressor
station,concretemixingunit).
Here is our pipe prefabrication workshop (steel structure fabrication plant, machining workshop, boiler room, air
Compressor station, concrete mixing plant).
250、Letmeshowyoutheway.Followme,please.
251、Wouldyouliketoseethisprocess(machine)?
You have to see this process (machine)?
252、Wouldyouliketotalktothewelder(inspector)?
You and welder (Inspector)?
253、Thefactory(workhop,equipment)producespipefittings
(spareparts,fasteners).
The factories (plant, equipment) production pipes (fittings, fasteners).
254, Iamsorry, donottouchthis, please. sorry, do not touch!
255, Donottouchthatpaint, itiswet. wet paint, do not touch.
256、Smokingandlightingfiresarestrictlyforbiddenathere.
Fireworks are strictly forbidden here.
257, Lookatthesign, dangerkeepout. takes note of the poster, dangerous or not.
258、Outoftheboundsforforeignerswithoutspecial
permission.
Foreigners are not allowed without licence.
NoadMittance! prohibited!
259、Thereisatemporaryfacilityforsitebrickwork. (wood
work,ironwork,paintwork)
This is an on-site brickwork (woodworking, ironwork) temporary facilities.
260、Letmeshowyouaroundandmeetourworkers.
Let me show you walk around, and met with our workers.
261、Wewouldliketoknowyouropinionaboutoursitework.
We would like to listen to you on our site.
262、Wehavejustfinishedthejob.
263、Wehavenotfinishedthisworkyet.
264, Itwillbefinishedunderfivedays. This will be completed within 5 days.
265、Thatisaquestion,Ithink.Noproblem.
266、Whatiswrongwiththis?
Somethingmustbewrongwithit.Nothingiswrong.
267、Itisdifficulttodoso.Itiseasytodo.Itishardto
say.
268、Itisnormal.Itisclear.Itiscorrect.Itisallright.
Good clear sound incorrectly
269, do Weshalldoourbest.
270、Sometrainingwillfitthemforthejob.
After some training, they qualified for the job.
271、Bytheendofthismonth,weshallhavecarriedoutour
plan.
To this end, we will have achieved our plans.
272、Allhasgonewellwithoursiteworkplan.
All are in accordance with our field work plan.

【 Weak current College 】 national survey Datum

National height network is to identify the topography of the terrain elevation height, coordinate system and the control level measurement accuracy is divided into one, two, three and four-to-peer networks. Currently provided for use in 1985 National height system total benchmark results 114041, leveling route length 416619.1 km.
In view of Xiangshan, Qingdao is a mysterious, granite construction of the cabin, outside there is a two-storey stone house in the fence, there are three iron General door. In the room, there is a dry well, bottom rock Board inlaid with a diameter of about 4.7cm yellow agate ball, agate, a red dot on the marked out "here to altitude 72.260 m", this is China's "standards baseline origin".
Sea surface height due to tides, waves, need integrated traditionally for thousands of years of relatively high point sea tide station "zero", a formula to calculate an "average" as the sea level. As a result of Qingdao is located in the Yellow Sea underwater crust relative stability, these conditions are other coastal cities are not available, in 1954, the standard origin settled in at People's Republic of China was of the view in Qingdao, the origin of the elephant is determination at that altitude 72.289 m.
In 1975, the national organization dedicated to measuring the power to determine the origin of the sea level only. In 10 years, more than 150 scholars not only precisely measure the Qingdao's eight tide station, walk from Dandong, 50 meters along the coastline, a survey has been detected in Viet Nam and white tail junction, the data can hold sections train skin. Lastly, the measure group to 19-year cycle, including later referred to as "Chen Yong formula", 5 = a sea level location, determine the origin of the elephant "standard view", the actual altitude 72.260 m. This data represents our coastline of mean sea level to altitudes of leveling origin.
In May 1987, the State Council issued a document, the abolition of the other cities of the zero point, formally approved the concept of "Qingdao Xiangshan level measurement for our origin" height of the sole criterion. Level 0: the semicircular spots Plaza is located in the Qingdao International Yacht Club on the edge of the dock (the current GE images do not see, can only give an approximate location), the cement poured into Memorial station main building is a seat height of 6 m and 10 tons of level zero flag sculpture, base like a lead weight, meaning the older people who work hard to measure, at the top of the globe has six small ball, which means the world's six famous at the origin. The Memorial was last May 24, completed and open to the public.

【 Weak current College 】 smart home changes life

1 remote control — a phone, household appliance obey!
Have you ever thought about on his way to work, suddenly forgot to turn off the lights or electrical appliances at home, make a phone call can take home and want to shut off all lights and appliances; commuting, a call to the home of the rice cooker and heater starts, rice cookers, water heaters before cooking; and so you first preheating returned home as soon as you can get a hot bath, and can immediately enjoy tasty meals now; if it is in the hot summer, you can phone home air conditioner first turned on, came home to enjoy the slightest coolness! at home, you can pick up the extension phone can control all the lights and home electric appliances now.
Just a phone, the home with you at any time, easy tour to the world!
Second, regular control — free nanny, comfort!
In the morning, when you are asleep, the bedroom curtains opened automatically on time, the warmth of the sun light shines into the room, soft music slowly, calls for you to start a new life every day; when you get up and wash, the microwave oven (rice cooker) has begun to your cooking breakfast, you can immediately enjoy nutritious breakfast time; meal bi soon, audio automatic shutdown, reminding you to hurry up and go to work; press the entrance hall of the "full off" key, all the lights and appliances are all off, the security system automatically deploys troops for Defense, so you can feel at ease and went to work! "when you and your family travel, you can set the owner of the virtual environment at home, so that the thief will not dare rashly at will!
Easily customized life scenes, time switch lights and appliances!
3. intelligent lighting-lighting, character creation fantasy!
1. easily replace: whether newly renovated House, or has been renovated House, as long as in the General panel free dark next super small modules that can easily realize intelligent lighting, give life to add more beautiful colors.
2. soft reboot features: light fading light Dim function, can make the eyes from the light at first light at first dark stimuli, but also extends the service life of lamps.
3. the dimming function: lights brighten the Dim functionality that can let you and your family enjoy a warm and romantic at the same time, also can achieve energy-saving and environmentally friendly features.
4. the brightness of memory: the memory of the lighting brightness function, so that the lighting more compassionate, let your light with the world of magic.
5. full open full off: easily lights and appliances-a key for full off and all lights a key emergency full open function.
Intelligent lighting, lighting becomes art, makes life even more warmth and romance!
Fourth, wireless remote control-remote control, the whole House, anywhere!
Have you ever thought about like a remote control TV remote control all the lights and appliances at home? now as long as a remote control, you can at home anywhere remote control home all upstairs and downstairs, across the room lights and appliances; and without the need for frequent replacement of various remote control can be implemented on a wide variety of infrared remote control functionality of household appliances; press the scene button, you can easily implement "at home" and "eating" and "cinema" and you want a combination of lighting and appliances.
As long as a remote control, really — a key in hand, the whole House master!
5. scene control — the dream scene, which is a touch!
Home, as long as the press entrance hall of the "home" button that you want to turn on the lights and appliances to automatically turn on, you can prepare dinner at once; after dinner ready, press the "Al fresco" dining for the key, and a combination of lighting appliances; dinner scene immediately, press the key "cinema", enjoy the lights of television films and appliances combine scenes appear, you think life more magical and full of meaning?
Dream scene, only imagine being there!, not to do!
6. centralized control — a key in hand, under your control!
As a centralized controller Hotel nightstand, easy to concentrate control of all lights and home appliances; plug, look more compact, easier to use; the night, if unforeseen events, as long as the press full open emergency button, all the lights all lit; before going to sleep, as long as you press keys, full off all lights and appliances on all off-no need to worry about forgot to turn off certain appliances.
With the plug with the control, lights and appliances under control!
7. computer control — easily click, smart!
Easily click on your mouse, you can realize all lights and appliances-intelligent control, more powerful, easier to control, interface more beautiful!
Leisure, learning, WA; intelligent living, fashion trends!
VIII. appliance control — ordinary household appliances, smart upgrade!
By using equipment free plug, infrared partner, timing controller, voice telephony remote controller and other random combination of intelligent products, no need to carry on the transformation of the existing common household appliances, we can easily implement on household appliances of timing control, wireless remote, centralized control, telephone, remote control, scene, control, computer control and other intelligent control.
Without the need for technological innovation, ordinary household comprehensive intelligent upgrade!
9. electric curtains – at any time switch, remote control!
Eliminating the need for daily switch curtains and upset, combining the timing controller, electric blinds automatically time switch per day; remote control makes it easy to press, and curtains at ease control.
Free from the bondage of distance and time, enjoy the pleasure of opening-closing hop!
10. background sound — like to listen to music ever!
Spring without color, how life; morning without music, music is a light and delicate fragrance of green tea, let you come back refreshed; night, music is a glass of wine, so that you release the tension, forget the troubles, let the mind be free, life's passion and life style; where there is a background sound, there is music feast.
Music is everywhere, life time!
11. Smart Security — loyal Butler, always watching!
Indoor anti-theft, anti-robbery, fire, gas leak, and emergency assistance, and other functions, fully integrated voice telephone remote control, Timer control, scene control, wireless Repeater, Smart lighting and appliance control functionality; no need to re-route Plug and play, easy to achieve an intelligent homeAnti; 6-channel preset alarm phone; 16 group wireless defense area; reliable quality, stable performance, no longer need to worry about home security, security property, life and safety.
Safely work, life, fun, play, quality, and so confident.
The life described here is not a luxury, but the technology to service-oriented, affect the life, changing lives, creating new ways of life embodiment of the most intuitive, but also many smart home manufacturers from product to let people enjoy the reality that only closer to practical, easy-to-use and user-friendly smart home concept, we can really enhance people's quality of life, can we truly embody the value of smart home, this is also the core of modern technology and value.

【 Weak current College 】 commercial property central air conditioning management problems

Commercial property includes all types of commercial advertising and the SHOPPINGMALL commercial property public facilities complete, annual public facilities energy consumption costs millions of dollars and even most of the tens of millions of dollars.　　Central air conditioning system as public facilities, an important part in the running water and electricity consumption is rather huge, control its running costs, and effectively handle the actual management of the different types of problems encountered, commercial property management is an indispensable part, especially on property rights, many formats of the commercial property concerned, particularly prominent. First, central air conditioning system operating costs, because the pipeline more coverage, running costs are also higher.　　In the commercial property in central air conditioning system operating cost estimates, you should consider these factors: 1, electricity cost (K1, P1, P2) host (P1, K1) according to the commercial property is equipped with air conditioning, power hosts, operating time, life cycle, electricity prices, the year in the summer and winter quarter running cost calculation, and then press a year 12 months on average, each month's average tariff P1.　　In actual operation, since the host is not running at full capacity, depending on the circumstances, to take into account in the calculation of its load factor K1, K1 ≈ 0.6 ~ 0.9. Auxiliary equipment (P2) here mainly refers to the central air conditioning system of cooling towers, cooling pump, frozen pump, air handling units, air blower plate Tube, etc. According to the actual number of different types, and power, to estimate.　　Be aware that due to the different seasons, refrigeration and heating, the number and type of auxiliary equipment are also different.　　2, water costs (P3), central air conditioning duct of circulating water, open cooling tower water for daily consumption, should be based on actual air-conditioning supply water consumption and the daily consumption of comprehensive daily normal. 3. steam cost (P4) in the case of steam as energy lithium bromide unit, in addition to the air conditioning system, electricity costs, but also the cost of using steam.　　According to each host in the consumption of steam per hour, per day, running time, steam unit price, the annual number of days, such as air conditioning run, calculate the average monthly cost of steam.　　4. pipe loss (K2) heating and cooling in the central air conditioning pipe, due to the loss of turbulent airflow, wall losses and other loss arising out of the pipe to pipe loss coefficients K2, K2 ≈ 1.02 ~ 1.05.　　5. pre temperature loss (K3) and outside temperature differences due to pipeline, heating and cooling in the transportation process, in the pipe to after a period of warming up or cooling in order to reach a certain outlet temperature, heating and cooling in the transit of energy loss, loss of available pre warming K3, K3 ≈ 1.05 ~ 1.08.　　Summer pre warming time with pipe lengths differ, typically in the 40 minutes, the winter temperature in the summer time in advance.　　6, varying loss loss (K4) square transformer losses in electric energy and line loss should be shared by all users, to loss of line losses accounted for power supply of 1% ~ 3%, as a central air-conditioning system, the loss of their electricity costs, take varying loss coefficient K4 ≈ 1.01 ~ 1.03 consideration.　　7, price differences (K5, K6) in estimating the cost of electricity, the power of electricity around the attention and the lighting of the price differential, power electricity than lighting usually about 15%, it should be based on the actual price.　　In addition, daytime peak periods and night-time lows in price are also different, the calculation should be based on the power to distinguish between different time periods, in this day and night price K5, K6, respectively. 8, cycle changes since year air conditioning use cycle mainly concentrated in the winter and summer quarter, while in winter and summer air conditioning supply time and energy also have differences.　　Reaches of the Yangtze River, usually a year in addition to three, in April and November without air conditioning, a different month monthly energy are different, calculate the cost of central air conditioning run, taking into account the various changes of temperature throughout the year, according to the average monthly cost to owners charge more appropriate.　　9, cost summary (P) to P represents the total cost of air conditioning run, taking into account the above factors, the air conditioning system operating costs can be expressed as follows: P = K2K3K4 (K5 + K6) & # 8226; (K1P1 + K1P2 + P3 + P4) (1) II, seasons and temperature changes in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River (other areas according to the local realities of amendments), summer air-conditioning supply an average of five months, the winter about four months, depending on the total construction area of 7 million m2 of Yangzhou times square four years of actual statistics, if the annual average air conditioning supply cost price for units 1, throughout the different months, seasonal air conditioning the cost of different proportion as described in Figure 1.　　Figure 1 shows, the central air conditioning energy consumption peak in summer 6 to September, the maximum cost is approximately 178% of average cost and the cost of air conditioning system is greater than the first half of the second half of the expenditure. III. request air conditioning fee for a single property, commercial property, there is no need to distinguish between their own air conditioning and request air conditioning costs, but for many more formats and commercial property rights in the square, the cost calculation request air conditioning is a necessary and important work. Despite the closure of owner-occupied and open public portion has a partition, but because of cold and warm air flow and heat exchange, their own sites and public space of the air conditioning temperature will soon reach equilibrium. Therefore air conditioning use cost and space proportional to the volume size, according to owner-occupied sites and public parts of the respective area and storey, calculation of the volume, respectively, which determines the volume of public sites (including indoor Atrium, public housing, etc.) accounted for commercial property in proportion to the total volume of the room and thus preliminary determine the size of the request air conditioning costs.　　Here, the proportion with volume, on request air conditioning method of cost estimation for a discussion. 1, the uneven impact of gas because of the nature and warm air, there are warm up Cold reduced, while at the same time as the public part of the Atrium, etc., the space is large, it is difficult to balance the temperature, the temperature of the non-uniformity,In the calculation of the public parts of heating and cooling capacity, should consider the effect of inhomogeneity, here to influence coefficient K: K ≈ 0.75 ~ 0.95.　　2. basis for calculation steps ① first of all, as-built drawings of construction and commercial properties of all indoor enjoy air conditioning parts of area and storey each field measurements, to have a change of the record, on the actual volume of the amendment, as the basis for statistics.　　② the patched actual data filled in table 1. ③ owner-occupied and estimating a request air-conditioning costs, the cost of air conditioning costs owner-occupied A (meta/m2) = p/s (σ σ S + F) 2600 × V/s Sigma (σ V + K & # 8226; Sigma G) 2005 (2) b, air-conditioning costs, the cost of property request B ($/m2) = p/s (σ σ S + F) side-A (3) ④ use instance times square, fifth floor, an entertainment company, according to industry characteristics, developers according to the contract has not been installed in the Interior and are equipped with central air conditioning facilities, indoor air-conditioning installed separately by the owners, the indoor air conditioning costs are borne by the owners themselves.　　For request air conditioning costs, owners should pay, but requires the management company to make a reasonable charge basis, we will process the calculation and reporting to the landlord, the landlord accepted with pleasure.　　IV. delayed air-conditioning costs delay air-conditioning costs means during normal business hours, as part of the owners or occupiers of the request, in addition to open the air-conditioning system.　　Delay property in many air-conditioning costs multi-business commercial property is more frequent in use, such as Times Square in Yangzhou, because business management topics, in the shopping centre, close to continue using air conditioning to many businesses in the morning, early morning for supply air conditioning business. Delay air-conditioning costs calculation, except under the actual power-on time, according to the first part of the content by one calculation air conditioning costs, but also need to consider the overtime staff overtime, i.e. management company overtime costs. Then apply for the use of time-lapse air conditioning owners enjoy the quantity and the actual area of indoor air conditioners and air conditioning fee calculated delay costs, delay applying to supply the owners or operators of air conditioning.　　Because individual post costs more, if owners are less or not using the area, the cost is relatively high.　　V. summary under four years of work in practice, commercial property management of the central air-conditioning several issues summary is as follows: 1, for single property commercial property, the calculation of air conditioning costs and fees of running, is an important basic work, due to the commercial property area, high energy costs, operating costs, such as the cost of inadequate or incorrect to workingout, the overall financial balance poses serious consequences of subversive, and should lead to managers at all levels.　　2, for more rights, more formats of the commercial property concerned, since the owners of the business operation, the time difference is large, and the owners of earlier hardware conditions also vary, so the calculated owners or businesses of their own and request air conditioning costs, is putting the charges of an indispensable work. 3, multi-business commercial property, delay the emergence of air conditioning fee is a common scenario, because the construction of the early and late changes of investment, as well as different formats on central air conditioning needs, lead to increased costs for air conditioning run, also increases the owners use cost. Change the status of the fundamental approach is to locate and navigate the introduction of the business of design, or business after moving in, depending on the situation on the air conditioning system for partial renovation.　　From the energy point of view, should avoid prolonged delay use air conditioning.　　4, central air conditioning fee expenditures undulate throughout the year, reaching a peak in the summer, in the second half of the first half of the expenditure ratio by about 30% to 50%, for the purpose of improving cost control and charge, throughout the year shall be adjusted according to the average monthly price charge, end of year accounts. Customers are the owners of God, the common position of the air conditioning is available for customers to enjoy, its cost sharing by the owners, the owners have reached a consensus. These approximate computation of air-conditioning, this article by volume ratio method is only one kind of reference only. On receipt of the request air-conditioning costs, according to different formats and different business realities and specific problems for accounting. At the same time, commercial premises, as the central air conditioning in the course of using, there are many kinds of loss, individual businessmen such as indoor air-conditioning meter and meter number separate air conditioning fee is not paid, the calculation should be uniform throughout the Plaza, in proportion to the total assessment, otherwise the other owners of these costs.

【 Weak current College 】 intelligent construction electrical construction drawing design depth discussion

Summary: this article is based not on construction drawing design depth requirements, based on practical experience and national new standards and specifications, some electrical design depth of practice and theory of in-depth discussions. In its basis, gives the General intelligent construction electrical construction drawing design format and design depth specific requirements.
Keywords: design specification design depth of intelligent building
In order to adapt to the information society and intelligent building boom and thrown to design specifications and design changes, this author from enhanced technical management, satisfy the requirements and improve the site construction engineering drawings design quality, etc., for electrical construction drawing design format and to discuss the design depth.
In recent years, with the appearing of intelligent building weak electricity system, lightning protection measures has attracted widespread attention from people in the industry. China Research Institute of building standard design on the National Atlas of the buildings, structures, installation of lightning protection facilities (D562) and the independent lightning rod (D565) Atlas of revision, from December 1999 to 2 may begin the introduction of the new National Atlas of the building mine facilities installation (99D562), the Atlas of the original standard, highlighted the weak part of overvoltage protection (information systems and electronic devices, electrical equipment). Because the connection to the workstation, server, and the cable between the client computer is long, the effect of impulse voltage is becoming a data loss or system failure. In addition, the characteristics of the Internet allows access to a certain point surge can spread along the network and destroy the other workstations, network equipment damaged probability increased significantly. Visible light current overvoltage protection in electrical construction drawing design, has a special significance.
The Atlas (99D562) lightning and overvoltage protection is divided into three parts: an external lightning protection, internal lightning protection and over-voltage protection. Which
⑴, external lightning protection including: jieshan Qi (needle, network, tape), down lead, earthing, shield.
⑵, internal lightning protection including: masks isolation, equipotential bonding, safe distance.
⑶, overvoltage protection means lightning electromagnetic pulse (external power surge protection) and internal operating voltage (internal surge protection near). In General, reasonable shielded and grounded surge through voltage reduction on physical and equipment failure of fundamental premise and means to ensure that electronic equipment from surges overvoltage damage, according to the actual situation in the power system, antenna-feeder system, signal systems and grounding systems, four aspects of specific design, adding multilevel surge overvoltage protection device (SPD SPD is restricted transient over-voltage minutes walk surge current of components). National standards for the building mine facilities installation — 99D562 on SPD (SurgeProtectivedevice) selection made specific recommendations. Intelligent building has many important electronic equipment installed in a building, it should be in the power and the electronic equipment supply Department depending on the device's ability to withstand the pressure the installation of a multi-stage SPD., second class mine building power of the first level of protection should in General into the line of distribution cabinet with SPD "level." Its flux In design requirements: In ≥ 40 ~ 80kA. the second level of protection in the UPS or distribution Cabinet before adding "SPD" II. Its flux In design requirements: In ≥ 40kA third, fourth-grade power protection in important equipment distribution system or work before adding the three-level SPD "its flux In design requirements: In = 5kA. Furthermore, as the information society development, residential smart design (weak design) the importance and the role of residential design, its technical complexity and difficulty. Therefore, the tenth of residential design standards to this part of the content solely for the chapter. Therefore, in domestic intelligence construction drawing design, should take full account of the technological advancement, equipment standardization, the openness of the Internet, systems * and extendibility and other aspects. For example: from cabling, each residence to set "information wiring box", TV and communication (phone and data), security, and other information available through the "pipeline distribution box" when it is closed.
Household settings information distribution box, has the following benefits:
⑴, communication lines wiring easier, now we introduce each residential communications line has computer data communication network and the city telephone network, in order to make household uses the bedroom or living room information outlet convenient in computer data communication network and telephone network, select in home settings information wiring box so that users in the computer network and telephone network lines between very easily jumper connections.
⑵, CATV circuit wiring easier, each housing can only import one TV cable, information distribution box set branch (distribution), and then to the bedroom, living room with individual television Terminal.
⑶, future residential decoration, line changes etc.
According to the new standards and specifications and the author of practical experience, the following intelligent construction electrical construction drawing design format and design depth specific requirements.
1, design drawings, specifications and material table total
1.1, construction drawing design documents meet the initial requirements for the design and approval documents, file integrity, calculates the correct text, drawings and grammatically correct, depth and format comply with the requirements of the quality management system, to prepare project budgets, for the production of non-standard equipment for construction, installation and engineering acceptance.
1.2, drawing a new column before the directory generally draw drawing, selection criteria after columns or reuse drawings (standard drawing and installation diagram use accurately reasonable). The same system in the order we will follow the drawings trunk system diagrams, floor plans, sections and detail drawing, control schematics in order. For large or complex engineering drawings, can also be taken by the system is divided into volumes choreography.
1.3, drawing Home should always design total instructions, major equipment and material table. Different systems of material table should be separated by a blank line is appropriate to distinguish between; other drawings are ordered, we will follow high pressure to low pressure, front-end to the end, the strong electricity to power.
1.4, design should be in the general instruction on construction projects in the area, height, function and fireproof grade description of main data to facilitate reading and examination.
1.5, large or complex projects detailed description can also be listed on the main system diagram or on the first floor plan. Large or complex project lighting and fire protection materials tables can be included in each plan (but there is still a summary table of materials).
1.6, design basis, design basis material is complete, correct design file integrity; content and depth in line with the budget and the requirements of the site construction; writing good, clearly and explicitly, the same account to the project main font should remain consistent for the maintenance of the drawings shall, in coordination with the larger error; on numerous pipeline plant should have comprehensive pipeline.
1.7, major equipment and materials should be listed in the table the corresponding legend symbol, trunk system should also be listed in the legend symbol. Electrical equipment and installation accessories for installation height, in addition to drawings in the explanation, generally in the materials table mentioned in the attached bar. In order to facilitate reading and understanding of the drawings.
1.8, design basis, where a lack of design projects (such as substation, fire fighting, civil defense, construction intellectualization, the second decoration design determine lighting, multilayer and high-rise residential buildings in distribution, etc.) should make the necessary instructions. Particularly related to building security, information about delegate construction party record. archiving
1.9, design conditions and design account book is the foundation of the engineering design, project review, people should review carefully examined, signed, and should be regularly archived and as engineering design report excellent one.
1.10, professional mutual request, contact information for General shall, in writing, and on-time filing cuncha to ensure design integrity of data.
2. General layout construction drawing design requirements
2.1, power supply system (including special power), power systems, indoor and outdoor lighting, lightning protection and antistatic, grounding and other security measures, its electricity substation and distribution locations, equipment selection, equipment and wiring principles consistent with the initial design and approval documents, material choice, the relevant measures to meet the requirements for the production and use.
2.2, General layout, should draw the power supply into line and the laying of the way (from building to building axis current accommodation within), power distribution and substation is introduced in the manner and floors or elevation, necessary to be made to the local profile.
2.3, drawn inside a building where distribution or substation and distribution and demand for electricity substations and transformer installed capacity of the capacitor capacity.
2.4, communication systems, automatic control system, the signal system of the station building and equipment selection and line layout principles consistent with the initial design and approval documents, specific wiring and related measures reasonably * and can meet requirements of production and use.
2.5, draw the General Plan communication junction (box), and marked communication trunk introduced by man hole locations and the model specifications. Choose one hole shall be marked in the referenced standard the non-standard figure number, the description must be a detail drawing. On the scale, capacity building and communication and the composition is also required.
2.6, on cable television systems, should draw the line signal coaxial cables into the direction, location, and mark out the model specifications.
2.7, involving "building intelligent" system related systems engineering trends and buried pipelines, shall always drawn in the plane. (Intelligent systems engineering design there are detailed instructions below).
2.8, outdoor electrical lines and other professional pipeline appears tiled or staggered manner, such as complex should draw partial profiles give height, depth, spacing, and special protective measures.
2.9, for corrosion protection, explosion-proof, temperature, humidity and other special requirements in production environments (such as air cleanliness, defence of micro-vibration and electrostatic and electromagnetic compatibility, etc.) for ELV system, according to the preliminary design and approval documents, to take reasonable, but the overall layout, * and to meet the requirements for the production and use.

【 Weak current College 】 civil building weak electricity system and its integration

With the social development, technological advances, many emerging applications of technology and new building materials are widely used in civil architecture. Through the trial, making today's architectural form and its functional aspects, profound changes have taken place. As a modern building is an important component, intelligent management and personalized services, more than ever people are concerned about. While the weak electricity system in which the role is crucial. Here is my participation in some Stadium (Museum), theater, public and civil design work derived from experience, and we discuss.
　　
1 system integration

Practice shows that in the whole building, smart buildings information system, integrated technology occupies a very important position. It oversees all the electromechanical equipment of the building, property management and information services, you need to provide a large number of devices on the system. These real-time or historical data, building maintenance and management decision-making and automatic billing required, no such information, intelligent building automation property management is simply impossible. This shows that the building intelligence is built on the weak electricity system on the basis of information integration. It system integration should be based on information integration, achieving its weak core technology is the integration of their information.
Main features are: the establishment of a complete, unified Web-based monitoring and management platform, providing a full suite of system software, acquisition and access to all the light current subsystems and real-time data integration network system release, can be realized on the system information, resources and management of shared services, have a consistent, simple and convenient personal business operation interface, to meet lots of different job demands of users.

On the above view of the outcome of the preliminary conclusions, the weak electricity system information integration can help to achieve the following objectives: to reduce the system operation and maintenance costs; greater use of the various subsystems of information resources; increase the efficiency, the building management and improve the quality of the energy efficiency of buildings.

2 system integration considerations

1.1 weak electricity system composition

Provides an overview of several subsystems.

1. construction equipment monitoring

Monitoring system, using direct digital control technology, on building domestic water supply, drainage, water heating systems and equipment, refrigeration and air conditioning equipment for monitoring and control of energy saving. The intelligent distribution monitoring system and lighting control system for monitoring; construction equipment monitoring system consists of the management, monitoring and control layers and spot layers that provide a variety of sophisticated open technologies, achieving the best run at various levels. Through the Web on a window, you can control the management of the entire building device monitoring and management, energy conservation, environmental monitoring and property management, management system and control system integration.

(1) management is composed by a computer and printer, using real-time graphical monitoring operation software, is the human-machine BAS interface, either through the display or print information to observe the current or previous system and monitoring the health of various mechanical and electrical equipment and data, accessible through the keyboard or mouse action to change the operation of various mechanical and electrical equipment, so as to achieve a specific monitoring requirements.

(2) automatic monitoring layer is important BAS communications network equipment, it is the heart of the entire system. It on the one hand, via Ethernet and action points and other network controller, on the other hand via the fieldbus networks and distribution in all direct digital controller communications. In the network controller system all information stored, it will have a variety of control functions, such as electrical and mechanical equipment uptime and event statistics, load peak limit load calculation, linkage control and unit group control and other complex high-performance control functions on the entire system for the systematic monitoring. At the same time, the controller is the subsystem access to facilities for the integration of BAS important interfaces.

(3) constitute a field controller system III, its main function is to receive installation to all types of electrical equipment on the various sensors and detectors emit data, according to its internal pre-set parameters and establishment of control program for the corresponding operation (such as PID, Max, delay, etc) and various mechanical and electrical equipment for control, at any time in accordance with the operator station via network controller issued instructions to adjust parameter (starting the program) to change or starting the device monitoring.

(4) a system of three-level control adopts decentralized control, centralized management structure, even if a portion of the control network (line) is damaged, and only this part of paralysis, not affect the operation of the entire system. At the same time, the field controller with industrial grade components and have independent run function, even if the operator station (network) the problem does not work, the controller can still set in advance by internal parameters and the preparation of the program continues to run.

A three-level control of structure, so that each layer of the structure is relatively simple, and reduce the complexity of the repair, at the same level of network for 10 m Ethernet, the secondary network for 9600bpsRS-485 bus, reduces the system network, especially the scene environment introduced the possibility of interference; building automation management system monitors all electrical and mechanical equipment, such as cooling units, air handling units, air supply unit, VAV, drainage, ventilation, and distribution, lighting and elevator equipment.

2. program control switches

Digital program-controlled telephone switching system provides sufficient road capacity in order to ensure that all users of the building, and to provide for future expansion left margin. It is available through simple configuration interface for ISDN functionality, and matching X.. 25 interfaces packet switching (matching other interfaces) such as data communication capabilities. By software settings, enables the system to establish a private virtual network. The system has a 1 to a dial-up, call special business, conference call, in case of busy callback, call privacy, electronic mail and voice mail, and many other features. The system can also be daily automatic detection, diagnosis, location and host serious failure automatically switchTo an alternate machine.

3. structured cabling

The system is the entire building's "nervous system", speech communication, facsimile and other image information, videoconferencing and video signal and data communications, and networking. The system consists of six separate subsystems, which work areas, levels, management, vertical backbone, and equipment room and complex subsystems.
(1) workspace subsystem is the terminal device is connected to the information outlets of facilities including information outlets, the outlet boxes, connection cords, adapter, etc, are all kinds of data and voice line to the floor of the various sites.

(2) level of the subsystem is the main subsystem line extends to the user's workspace. The system is arranged in the same floor, a termination in information outlets, the other a termination in floor distribution frame, mainly using unshielded twisted pair. Need broadband transmission, you can use the "fiber to the desktop.

(3) management subsystem is the main line and level subsystem of bridges, while networking with floors provide conditions, including twisted pair jumper, jumper, when terminal equipment location (Bureau network architecture) change, sometimes just the way you can change the jumper, without rewiring.

(4) vertical trunk subsystem is mainly used for the connection between the main building to the floor management, using large log-twisted pair or fiber-optic cable, connect the equipment on both sides, respectively, and the management of jumper shelf; device subsystem consists of devices in the twisted-pair (optical cable), connect a jumper framework and related supporting hardware, lightning protection equipment, etc.

(5) complex subsystems for the built environment that is more than one building data communication signal connection integrated wiring system, using overhead installation or underground pipelines (buried) in the laying of cables and cable as well as preventing surge voltage of electrical protection devices. Structured and integrated system combines voice signals, data signal and image signal wiring through unified specification and design, using the same transmission medium, information outlets, adapter, etc, the nature of the different signals to a standard set of cabling systems, performance for compatibility, openness, flexibility, reliability, and advanced.

4. satellite and cable TV

The system is now generally set basic ways.

It is forwarded directly by satellite to television signal system, its functions as a space Repeater, is to solve the problem of TV coverage and high quality transport TV image signal. Cable TV (antenna) system uses a set of high quality antenna to cable TV signal sent to the system user, that has a two-way communication, Videophone, telex transfer function, and can be used with the home computer terminal connected to the network.

5. security monitoring

The system consists of closed-circuit television surveillance, entrance control and patrol and security alarm system.

(1) the control hosts a powerful control, operation, functionality, not only can matrix switching images, but also issues various alarm information alarm linkage function. System configuration for a long time recorders, will all be video signal for the accidents after the query.

(2) the access control system to an open distributed system, through the building management monitoring center, computer center, financial sector and between devices and other important regional implementing channel control, for seamless security management, enabling powerful, complete access control and management. Systems through communication lines and various intelligent access controller and elevator controllers are connected, you can control the cardholder access time restrictions and regional restrictions, distributed intelligence is the importers control system structure characteristics, regardless of any communication problem occurred, and the access controller can still implement regional control, time control.

(3) electronic patrol system that both sides of the floor and the staircase and the signal line patrols to check, set up electronic patrol, patrol officers in the press line check every click one more button cixun or swipe card, the system immediately record button/card action time so faithfully recorded the patrol, to enhance security on duty management provides informative data. When the patrol officers too early or too late (not in order patrols, not patrol a patrol station), the system host immediately issued an alert signal, so that the control centre of the guards to take corresponding measures according to the situation.

(4) alarm system in the building's first floor, the basement floor of the entrance and an important place within the set alarm detector and alarm buttons, when there is unlawful, illegal intrusion prevention area, the detector will immediately transmit alarm signals to a monitoring center. Burglar alarm system alarm linkage function, when the alarm signal, closed circuit television monitoring system will start the appropriate camera camera, Security Center's primary monitor screen also synchronous tracking the video signal; building automatic control system opens illegal intruder which channel of lighting, and close the doors, the illegal intrusion, siege in the region, thus effectively protecting the safety of persons and property.

6. a card management

Is the IC card technology as the core, computer and communication technology as a means of connecting various facilities into an organic whole, users with an IC card to complete the usual funds settlement and certain control actions such as opening the door with the card, dining, attendance, patrol management, shopping, entertainment, meetings, parking, Office and fee-based services and other activities. Instead of having to carry many keys to open the door to all counterparts pay and other complicated operations. The system can be monitored on the sector management and decision-making, the local system and terminal can be automatically collected information collated summary for system query, summary, statistics, management and decision-making. IC card can communicate with each other, not only satisfy the independence of the individual functions of management, and ensure the integration of intelligent electronic system overall management of consistency. The system of the common system, including: access control, attendance and parking management system subsystem

7. car park management

The system on a computer network core, Equipped with various modern parking device as invoice/ticket machine, automatic fence machine, vehicle Induction coil and charge machine and so on, the system can be automatic (semi-automatic) manages two major action. Vehicle inductive loop detected a vehicle enters automatically start the invoice/ticket machine, if the user card and system are the same as the storage of messages, then start the fence machine open railings for vehicles entering the garage, and at the same time, the system automatically records the user card number and entry information. Vehicles appeared principle ibid. System management host can achieve the following functions--garage-case count and control, recording all operations and statistics, manage long-term users of the database.

8. fire auto-alarm

The system uses an intelligent smoke sensing probes and temperature-sensing probes to intelligently induction of smoke and heat, give the appropriate analog values, through advanced algorithms that can cause the system to distinguish between true and false alarm. System display capable of graphical displays the exact locations and fire alarm properties. Fire alarm after confirmation, the system can automatically issue the appropriate fire emergency broadcasting and fire control, for the safe evacuation of staff and the correct and effective fire fighting. Fire auto-alarm subsystem typically include control host, emergency broadcast control unit, fire phone control unit, color graphic display unit, regional display/control panel and intelligent smoke, temperature probe, intelligent monitoring, control module, etc. When people discover that there is a fire alarm is triggered, the alarm signal is transmitted to the fire control centre.

(1) water spray system is in building each layer water fire mains water flow switch on the set, when the floor in a a water spray head due to overheating and action on the water, the water flow, switching action and its adjoining monitoring modules will signal transmission to the fire Centre. Fire suppression system: when the system receives a broken glass Manual alarm alarm signal and confirmed, the system starts the fire pump.

(2) smoke control system is when the system is confirmed immediately after the fire occurred on building exhaust fan, and opened fire on the lower level and the exhaust valve, the ignition on, the lower layer and the flue. Positive pressure ventilation system: when the system recognizes immediately after the fire occurred on building positive pressure ventilator, and opened fire on the lower layer and its air supply valve, the stairs passage, prevent flue gas pressure, guarantees when the evacuation escape. air safety

(3) fire broadcasting system is when the system after the confirmed outbreaks of fire, the system automatically cut off background music broadcasting and receiving on the ignition, the lower layer and the speakers have been fire evacuation of broadcasting to guide.

(4) Elevator landing system is when the system after the confirmed outbreaks of fire, the system immediately forced all elevators to the first floor, and automatically cut off the passenger elevator, the freight elevator, Elevator only reserved for firefighters and fire.

(5) shutter control is when fire channel roll-front sides of the smoke detector alarms, the system will control the shutter down to the ground, let the staff at 1.5M to evacuation, when shutter on either side of the temperature sensor probe alarm time, the system control shutter fell to the ground to complete fire protection district.

(6) other linkage control is when the system recognizes that there is a fire, the system automatically ring fire layer and its upper and down alarm/Flash, draw attention to the timely evacuation, the system will automatically shut off the fire floor and upper and down of non-fire power.

(7) public broadcasting and the emergency broadcast system, mainly in the building market, business center, lobby, restaurant, public walks and other parts used for FM and am broadcasting programmes, dual-card playback signal, CD player and a microphone signal, the signal through the mixer can choose any of the above sources, all the way through the volume control to adjust the volume circuit to the appropriate level, then the region selector and output to the given regional broadcasting. When a fire alarm signal, the system will automatically close the public broadcast, automatically burning layer and its upper and down toggle to the emergency broadcast, when necessary, can also be manually to use machine with microphone carries on the artificial command. In addition to public broadcasting will switch to the emergency broadcast, building equipment, car parks etc set emergency radio speakers, usually does not work, only in fire at the fire emergency broadcast.

9. backup power supply

Uninterruptible power supply is all network uninterruptible operation of important components of the intelligent electronic system uninterrupted running total protection. Considering the network information and security of your data, choose UPS uninterruptible power supplies to protect the information and data security is scientific decisions.

10. Thunder

With the development of science and technology and computer networks, microelectronics and network communication equipment is increasing, more and more prominent lightning danger.
Intelligent buildings will install all kinds of office automation equipment and communication equipment such as servers, network devices, monitoring host, broadcast systems and other equipment, to ensure that the equipment normal work and prevent the harm caused by lightning, in the construction of new building taking power Thunder

The particularities of the various subsystems 1.2

For system integration we have to take these factors into account, in order to make for different projects both fully system integration while not contrary to the relevant function management sector for special provisions for the management of the subsystem to be tailored to take out a reasonable and feasible system integration programmes. The following specific analysis a few special subsystem:

1. fire auto-alarm subsystem

The system features a system design review, and acceptance of construction management and centralized fire agencies worldwide. The Ministry of public security for the subsystem States have special provisions, in system integration, we should give full consideration to those factors. For example: the system should be independent of external information output to export directly with the local fire department networking; the system itself, the control devices must be of the highest management control; the system and building weak electricity system relationsShould be just as system integration provide the corresponding data information, when the power outlet of the integrated management system failure, the subsystem can be independent of the system of all related functions.

2. construction equipment monitoring system for distribution equipment monitoring system

The reason why the supply and distribution equipment monitoring system from building equipment monitoring system to separate out to do, mainly to take into account the characteristics of the subsystem's management. Building the seat of power from the building power supply, for different buildings, parts of the electricity sector has its own regulations and requirements. Due to the complexity of urban power network and difference, so the building power supply scheme could not be fully consistent, so that each building has its own different power supply and distribution programmes, the weak electricity system integration is also important to note that these differences, and local supply departments in the programmes of reporting and coordination work, don't take it for granted in accordance with customary practice for system design and construction, to avoid for future building supply unnecessary trouble.
Similar to the system of construction equipment monitoring system of three tables remote system in system integration of these systems should also be done in the design and management of government functions (power, water, gas company), coordination and communication work, will do phase of the programme, not with the relevant national administrative provisions contrary to the file.

Only note these special system of personality problems we can make an intelligent building weak electricity design, and systems integration work.

2 comparison with project examples light current system integration

2.1 to BAS-centric electronic system integration has limitations

Modern building weak electricity system typically contains 10 multiple subsystems, how to take into consideration and to optimize the design of these systems is that over the years the building owners, contractors, engineering design Institute has been an important topic to explore. Weak electricity system integration is the resolve this problem in a good way; traditionally weak electricity system integration often choose to building automation system-centric approach, using BAS specialized communications controller and the other party's products taking serial communication connections up to pass data between systems. This is it-party product into building automatic control system of an integrated approach; however information integration, to BAS-centric electronic system integration has certain limitations. As a cross between upper-level network and the weak electricity system integration between systems, we need to look it up by opening performance and capacity of inclusive down.

(1) first of all BAS software are designed as self-contained system. Although BAS is itself constitutes a communication network, it is a relatively closed system, lack of openness to the outside. The BAS provides certain data exchange interfaces, such as providing DDE function or API functions. But these data interface does not support the network operating system, but also for general users to use the data exchange capabilities, because the need for specialized software programming, is very inconvenient. The majority of the BAS in a network environment and other applications to Exchange data capacity is very limited, when the weak electricity system through BAS Center and superior integration system for the exchange of data, produce bottleneck effect but could not get the expected results.

(2) Secondly, in general the BAS system can connect to the other party light current products is restricted, it can be connected to the products listed on the table of product categories but dozens, only the full scope of electromechanical products at a fraction of that substantial constraints on other subsystems product selection, System product selection and optimization of the selection range is small, the lack of flexibility and freedom, that is, its downward inclusive is poor.

(3) again, an important question is the General of the central monitoring system BAS does not have Internet information integration management, you cannot provide transparent for the network to a data source, do not provide open database interface, and cannot provide the customer with distributed multi-user network environment. Because the are not designed to run under the network operating system, this relatively independent monitoring package, if you want to directly use other system resources is difficult, and remote operations management is also very difficult to achieve.

(4) Moreover, the current BAS system offers the user workstations running is the software itself, because the cause of the architecture, it is not possible to reach a large number of users for personal work interface, this greatly limits the scope of application of it. In addition, BAS manufacturers provided monitoring software products, whether individual operation interface, or graphical representation, are relatively fixed empty, the user can "Customize" content with little or no. It does not allow you to have "extra" needs. To the user, the manufacturers give you what you need to accept that the manufacturer is not for you, you don't want to have. In General, this kind of monitoring software on information processing and integrated management ability is poor and does not suit the needs of the information age. However, when the network operating system of the birth of a new generation of integrated software, makes it all a fundamental improvement.

2.2 regional network-subsystem integration programme

A new generation of advanced electronic integration systems, this is a set of specially designed for intelligent building weak electricity system integration design, provide the user with unified, real-time monitoring, data collection and management of network software: PSCADA system. Also referred to as "regional network-subsystem integration programmes". This set of distributed object-oriented software, based on a WindowsNT network operating system, the structure using Ethernet, TCP/IP protocol; to use component object model (COM), a software component reuse and intelligent agent (Agent) technology, is a classic distributed client/server network platform.

2.3 information integration best way is to use regional network-subsystem integration

(1) with the computer network technology development and maturity, network system integration has been widely used in variousLine industries, has become the natural choice for information technology. It is equally suitable for go information of intelligent building. We offer intelligent building information integration best way is to use regional network-subsystem integration.

　　
To sum up, as a category a smart buildings, information integration for modern buildings, the weak electricity system integrated the use of regional network-subsystem integration programmes.